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1.
沈大高速公路两侧土壤重金属污染分布特征研究   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8       下载免费PDF全文
对沈大高速公路沈阳、辽阳、鞍山、营口和大连段两侧土壤中铅、镉、锌、铬、镍和铜的含量进行测定。结果表明:在距路肩250 m范围内,各段土壤中铅、镉均有不同程度的累积,锌、铬、镍、铜污染不显著。土壤中铅、镉最大污染指数为3.34和2.42,污染较高值出现在距路肩50 m内,尤以20—40 m为高,除铅外其余重金属含量在距路肩150 m以外趋于背景值,但土壤中铅污染为250 m以外。  相似文献   

2.
辽东半岛雾的成因分析及预报   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
雾是辽东半岛地区一种常见的天气现象。浓雾天气常常造成沈大高速公路严重的交通事故,而沈大高速公路贯穿整个辽东半岛,因此,做好辽东半岛地区雾的预报有着重要意义;  相似文献   

3.
1引言雾是辽东半岛地区一种常见的天气现象。浓雾天气常常造成沈大高速公路严重的交通事故,而沈大高速公路贯穿整个辽东半岛,因此,做好辽东半岛地区雾的预报有着重要意义。本文选用沈大高速公路沿线的沈阳、辽阳。鞍山、海城、营口、大洼、盖州和熊岳等8个气象站1985年到1990年的资料,定义的雾日为有2站出现浓雾或1站浓雾同时2站轻雾。2辽东半岛雾的概述统计分析8站的雾日资料,得到雾日的时间分布特征(表1)。从表1中可以看到,每年雾日为21~44次,平均为29次,秋冬多于春夏。从地理分布特征(表2)看,6年中大洼出现的雾日最多,为7…  相似文献   

4.
陇海铁路圃田段路旁土壤重金属潜在生态风险评价   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以陇海铁路圃田段为例,采用Hakanson指数法,对铁路旁土壤重金属(Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn、Cr和N i)的潜在生态风险进行了评价。结果表明,铁路旁土壤中重金属元素出现不同程度富集,以Zn和Pb的积累最为明显,最大含量都分布在距路基30 m范围内。Cd的潜在生态风险最大,在距路基100 m范围内,单项风险系数均在80以上,呈重度风险,最大风险值出现在路基处,高达138,之后逐渐降低;其余重金属呈低风险状态。距路基20 m范围内,潜在生态风险指数均在150以上,达到中等生态风险程度,之后逐渐降低。镉(Cd)的潜在风险占总风险的68.20%-73.37%,其他重金属的贡献很小。  相似文献   

5.
陇海铁路圃田段路旁土壤重金属潜在生态风险评价   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
以陇海铁路圃田段为例,采用Hakanson指数法,对铁路旁土壤重金属(Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn、Cr和Ni)的潜在生态风险进行了评价.结果表明,铁路旁土壤中重金属元素出现不同程度富集,以Zn和Pb的积累最为明显,最大含量都分布在距路基30 m范围内.Cd的潜在生态风险最大,在距路基100 m范围内,单项风险系数均在80以上,呈重度风险,最大风险值出现在路基处,高达138,之后逐渐降低;其余重金属呈低风险状态.距路基20 m范围内,潜在生态风险指数均在150以上,达到中等生态风险程度,之后逐渐降低.镉(Cd)的潜在风险占总风险的68.20%~73.37%,其他重金属的贡献很小.  相似文献   

6.
沈大高速公路雾气候特征与气象要素分析   总被引:8,自引:3,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
利用1958—2007年沈大高速公路沿线6站雾日资料对沈大高速公路雾的气候特征及气象要素进行分析。结果表明:沿海地区雾日偏多,且总体呈上升趋势,内陆地区雾日偏少,且呈下降趋势。内陆地区雾多出现在秋冬季,沿海地区多出现在夏季。雾多在凌晨至日出前后时段生成,日出后逐渐消散,持续时间多为1—3 h。相对湿度、气温、风速和风向对雾的预报有较好指示意义:当相对湿度在90%—100%时,春季气温为-5—15 ℃、夏季为16—24 ℃、秋季为-3~19℃、内陆冬季为-20~2 ℃,沿海冬季为-7~4 ℃范围内,内陆风速为0—3 m•s-1,沿海风速为0—6 m•s-1,且沿海地区为偏南风时,雾易发生。  相似文献   

7.
蒲广亮 《广东气象》2002,(Z2):30-31
随着高速公路网迅速发展,收费站、应急电话系统的防雷工作尤为突出.深圳机荷高速公路是连接深圳宝安机场与惠深高速公路的东西向交通干道之一.该路段穿山过水,地形复杂,处于强雷电多发区沿线易受直击雷侵袭.尤其是高速公路旁的应急报警电话亭防雷工程施工难度较大,在技术措施方面亦曾走过一段弯路.本文是机荷高速公路防雷工程的经验总结和体会.  相似文献   

8.
大气沉积颗粒中铅的赋存状态研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
从大气沉积颗粒中的重金属铅污染入手,采用连续化学浸提萃取的方法,对西安大气沉积颗粒中的微量金属元素铅的赋存状态进行了分析研究,发现铅元素主要以残渣态和铁-锰结合态存在。水溶态、交换态和有机质结合态存在的量虽然很少,但都以矿物质形式存在,这说明金属离子比较稳定,不易迁移和转化,对周围环境和人体的危害比较持久。  相似文献   

9.
甜玉米栽培的农业气象条件和技术要点史秀雪(天水市气象局741000)甜玉米又称水果玉米。其营养价值比牛奶、凤尾菇都高。既是高蛋白粮食,又是香甜水果,并可当作风味独特的蔬菜。能生食也可熟食,还可加工成各种罐头。其茎秆含糖量也高,相当于普通玉米秆的1-2...  相似文献   

10.
采用 Tessier A连续提取法研究分析了沈阳市新城子铬渣堆存区土壤中重金属铬的污染分布和迁移转化规律。结果表明:土壤中重金属铬的5 种形态分布, 主要以残渣态和碳酸盐结合态为主,分别占总量的49.74%和21.40%,而有机结合态含量最低,占总铬含量的6.25%。不同的功能区域铬的形态分布有所不同。总体的分布特征是残渣态大于碳酸盐结合态大于交换态大于铁锰氧化态大于有机态。  相似文献   

11.
在南京市浦口和大厂的五大主要功能区(工业区、交通干线、居民区、蔬菜生产基地和风景区)分别布置采样点,共采集了75个菜地耕层土壤样品,以Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn等典型污染重金属元素的全量数据为基础,运用经典统计分析、综合污染指数和地统计分析相结合的方法对土壤重金属污染进行评价。结果表明,Cd、Cu和Zn分别超出其南京地区土壤背景值的5.42、1.84和1.14倍,Pb未超出。不同功能区菜地土壤的重金属全量水平存在明显差异,其中工业区菜地土壤的重金属污染较为严重。对于Cd和Cu,单因子污染指数大于1的样点数达100%,Zn为52%,Pb为2.67%。研究区内菜地土壤重金属的综合污染指数为4.12,属于中度污染。Cu的空间相关性很弱,Cd、Pb和Zn具有中等的空间结构性;四种重金属的空间相关尺度较为接近。Cd、Cu和Zn的单因子污染指数具有相似的空间分布,总体呈现出南高北低的带状递减趋势,且高峰值具有空间分布的趋同性,而Pb的单因子污染指数分布呈现西北和东南两端高,中间较低的趋势。综合污染指数的空间分布显示,研究区大部分菜地土壤处于中度重金属污染水平,钢铁生产厂周边的斑块状区域重金属污染更加严重。  相似文献   

12.
在河南省某高校校区内的规模绿地上采集21个土壤样品,在郊区农田采集2个对照样品。按照国家标准方法,测定了土壤Cu、Zn、Ni、Pb和Cr的含量。结果发现:校园土壤中Ni、Zn和Cr发生了不同程度的富积;土壤重金属含量空间变异明显;校园土壤普遍发生了Zn污染,平均污染分指数达2.48,中度和重度污染样点占总样点的57.14%;绝大部分样点的综合污染指数均大于1,其中轻度污染样点13个,中度污染样点5个,重度污染样点2个。根据校园土壤的实际,应从严格控制污染物排放、翻土和客土改良、增施有机肥料、植物修复等方面防治校园土壤重金属污染。  相似文献   

13.
大伙房水库是辽河流域典型水库饮用水源地。由于汇水区周边工矿废水的排放,重金属污染问题一直比较突出。为研究水库受重金属污染影响的情况,采用Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法对大伙房水库表层沉积物中重金属Cr、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb的含量及分布进行分析,并对其污染程度及潜在生态风险危害进行评价,评价结果用地累积指数法进行验证。结果表明:大伙房水库表层沉积物中潜在生态危害最大的重金属元素为Cd,5种重金属元素潜在生态风险危害程度由大到小的顺序为Cd>Cu>Pb>Cr>Zn。  相似文献   

14.
以城市森林生态系统常绿树种为对象,测定了油松(Pinus tabuliformis)和侧柏(Platycladus orientalis)叶片对大气污染物(SO2、Cl2)和土壤重金属污染物(Cu、Zn、As、Hg和Pb、Cd和Cr)的吸滞作用与富集作用。结果表明:油松和侧柏具有较强吸滞污染物的作用,对污染物的吸滞能力受环境污染程度、不同生长季节的污染元素种类等因素的影响。其中,油松在秋季对S、Cu、Zn、Pb和Hg具有较高的吸附能力,针叶中S、Cu、Zn、Pb和Hg含量平均值分别为2158.75、6.31、31.46、4.05 mg·kg-1和0.08 mg·kg-1;侧柏在秋季对Cu、Zn、Hg和Cd具有较高的吸附能力,叶片中Cu、Zn、Hg、Cd含量平均值分别为4.47、22.47、0.09 mg·kg-1和0.20 mg·kg-1;在不同立地条件下,油松和侧柏对污染物的吸滞与富集量有所差异,其中在土壤污染较重的石景山松林园样地,油松对大气污染物SO2有较强的吸附能力,侧柏则表现出对Cl2有较强的吸附能力。对重金属污染物而言,油松和侧柏对Cu、Pb、Cr和As有较高的富集作用。  相似文献   

15.
This study measured the concentration of heavy metal elements in atmospheric aerosol samples collected between July 2004 and April 2006 at a remote site on Mt. Muztagata (38°17'N, 75°01'E, 4430 m), in the Eastern Pamirs. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP–MS) results show that the air at Muztagata contains low concentrations of As and heavy metal elements (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Bi), comparable with those in the Arctic — far lower than in heavily populated or industrialized areas. Observed enrichment factor (EF) values greater than 10 for those elements suggest partly anthropogenic sources. Seasonal variations in the concentrations of Zn, Cd, Pb, Bi, and As resemble those of crustal Al, with greater concentrations during the summer but lower ones in winter. Our results reveal that the background atmosphere in remote inner Asia is only weakly affected by anthropogenic pollution, and demonstrate that high heavy metal concentrations occur during summer but with greater EF values during the winter. The air mass back-trajectory analyses suggest that pollution from West Asia, Central Asia, and South Asia are the main possible source areas that contribute to the heavy metals in aerosols at Muztagata.  相似文献   

16.
The frequency of extreme weather events, which cause severe crop losses, is increasing. This study investigates the relationship between crop losses and extreme weather events in central Taiwan from 2003 to 2015 and determines the main factors influencing crop losses. Data regarding the crop loss area and meteorological information were obtained from government agencies. The crops were categorised into the following five groups: ‘grains’, ‘vegetables’, ‘fruits’, ‘flowers’ and ‘other crops’. The extreme weather events and their synoptic weather patterns were categorised into six and five groups, respectively. The data were analysed using the z score, correlation coefficient and stepwise regression model. The results show that typhoons had the highest frequency of all extreme weather events (58.3%). The largest crop loss area (4.09%) was caused by two typhoons and foehn wind in succession. Extreme wind speed coupled with heavy rainfall is an important factor affecting the losses in the grain and vegetable groups. Extreme wind speed is a common variable that affects the loss of ‘grains’, ‘vegetables’, ‘fruits’ and ‘flowers’. Consecutive extreme weather events caused greater crop losses than individual events. Crops with long production times suffered greater losses than those with short production times. This suggests that crops with physical structures that can be easily damaged and long production times would benefit from protected cultivation to maintain food security.  相似文献   

17.
Vegetable Crops for Biomonitoring Lead and Cadmium Deposition   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Leafy vegetables are of particular interest for the active biomonitoring of the heavy metal deposition in the environment. The leaves accumulate the deposited airborne trace elements, however, they are also influenced by soilborne metals. The level of root uptake and accumulation depends on the element concerned and specific plant characteristics that influence the sensitivity of the biomonitoring system to a large extend. Standardization of the soil substrate and a precise estimation of the root uptake are very important in order to improve the sensitivity of biomonitoring. Spinach (Spinacea oleracea), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), endive (Cichorium endivia) and lambs lettuce (Valerianella locusta), grown in containers filled with a common peat soil and supplied with a semi-automatic watering system, were successfully used as bioaccumulators for the Cd and Pb deposition in gardens of an industrial and a residential area. Comparisons were made between the Cd and Pb contents in the crops and the deposition flux measured with NILU particulate fallout collectors in order to determine the accumulation efficiency of each crop. The correlations found were very useful to estimate the tolerable dust deposition levels with reference to the EU Guideline for maximum levels of contaminants in leafy vegetables. Exposure of the crops in open-top chambers, which were supplied with filtered air, (provided with a roof), proved that the Pb dust deposition significantly increases the normal concentration in the vegetables from the reference area, whereas the cadmium deposition was too low to be measured biologically. Comparisons of exposure of the crops to ambient air with or without chamber enclosure, and in open-top chambers with filtered air allowed to determine the normal metal concentrations and to estimate the biological detection limits.  相似文献   

18.
为研究尺寸和镉(Cd2+)质量浓度对罗非鱼积累和转移水环境中Cd2+的影响,用室内培养的方法,选取4种尺寸的罗非鱼,设置不同质量浓度Cd2+的暴露试验,分别测定其半致死率、Cd2+积累量和对Cd2+的转移系数以及罗非鱼的相对增长率.结果表明:不同尺寸的罗非鱼对Cd2+的响应不同,其中,幼龄鱼的LC50浓度最低,体长为31.5±3.4 cm的罗非鱼LC50最高;低质量浓度Cd2+(0.5 mg/kg)处理下,罗非鱼尺寸不同,相同鱼组织对Cd2+的吸收积累量差异显著(P< 0.05),而高质量浓度Cd2+处理时,不同尺寸罗非鱼的同一组织对Cd2+的积累量无显著性差异;除体长27.4±2.9 cm罗非鱼外,相同尺寸的罗非鱼Cd2+转移系数都是低质量浓度显著大于高质量浓度(P< 0.05);高质量浓度Cd2+处理对各种尺寸罗非鱼质量增加的抑制率显著高于低质量浓度Cd2+处理的抑制率.此外,不同Cd2+质量浓度对相同尺寸的罗非鱼也产生不同的影响.因此,罗非鱼的尺寸和Cd2+质量浓度都对罗非鱼积累和转移Cd2+产生影响.  相似文献   

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