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1.
通过对日喀则蛇绿岩的镁铁质岩石进行岩石学和地球化学研究,探讨其岩石成因及源区性质,同时根据Re-Os同位素的地球化学约束来探索雅鲁藏布蛇绿岩的形成机制。研究表明,日喀则蛇绿岩镁铁质岩石微量元素的标准化配分型式与洋中脊玄武岩类似,又具有岛弧玄武岩的地球化学特征。结合微量元素和同位素特征,均表明岩石的形成与俯冲作用有关。日喀则蛇绿岩产出于远离大陆地壳的SSZ环境,其形成过程未受到陆壳的混染;同时,Re-Os同位素体系受蚀变作用的影响也不明显。日喀则蛇绿岩镁铁质岩石的Re、Os含量低,187Os/188Os同位素比值较高,主要是源区性质和俯冲作用影响的结果。特提斯洋早期发生的多次俯冲作用造成地幔源区不均一。新特提斯洋壳俯冲过程中,上述不均一地幔发生部分熔融产生的镁铁质岩浆上升,经过遭受了早期熔体/岩石作用的纯橄岩通道,发生强烈的Re-Os同位素分馏,使熔体与地幔残余Os同位素组成表现出明显的解耦现象,进而形成现今的日喀则蛇绿岩。 相似文献
2.
龙首山岩带典型镁铁-超镁铁质岩体岩石地球化学特征 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
通过龙首山岩带中几个典型镁铁-超镁铁质岩体样品的岩石地球化学分析,对金川超镁铁质岩体与其外围镁铁-超镁铁质岩体的形成演化关系进行探讨,结果发现:这些岩体处于相同的构造环境,样品点整体为亚碱性拉斑玄武岩系列,随M g#值的增加,C aO,A l2O3,N a2O,K2O值具有连续减少的趋势,指示了它们存在连续的岩浆演化关系;稀土与微量元素分析,蛛网图整体具有右倾特征,龙首山岩带中段岩体有明显δEu负异常,东、西段岩体样品有δEu正异常或无异常,暗示中段岩体较外围岩体经历了更完全的分离结晶作用;结合前人对金川所做的S r-N d同位素等资料,证明金川岩体的岩浆源区为富集型地幔。 相似文献
3.
<正>1研究目的(Objective)西藏南部的雅鲁藏布构造带发育一系列中生代蛇绿岩,这些蛇绿岩体东西展布超过2500 km,可分为西段、中段和东段。大多数蛇绿岩体出露大规模地幔橄榄岩而镁铁质岩石出露较少,且地幔橄榄岩中赋存不同规模的豆荚状铬铁矿化,如东段的罗布莎蛇绿岩体赋存大型铬铁矿床,西段的普兰和东波岩体出露小规模铬铁矿化。然而,中段日喀则蛇绿岩一直较少有铬铁矿床(化)报道。笔者近期对日喀则蛇绿岩大竹曲岩体开展了野外考察,并在地 相似文献
4.
东天山黄山南镁铁-超镁铁质岩体锆石U-Pb年龄及岩浆演化过程探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黄山南镁铁-超镁铁质岩体位于东天山造山带觉罗塔格构造带内,与构造带内一系列镁铁-超镁铁质岩体构成了东天山镁铁-超镁铁质岩带。黄山南岩体锆石U-Pb同位素定年得到293.7±3.1Ma的加权平均年龄,显示其形成年龄为早二叠世。岩石样品镁铁比值m/f比值介于4.45~6.37之间,属于铁质超基性岩;利用橄榄石最高Fo值计算得到黄山南岩体母岩浆的Mg~#值为0.70,表明其母岩浆成分与原生岩浆较为接近,具有高镁拉斑玄武岩质岩浆的性质,且演化程度较低或母岩浆有过剩橄榄石堆晶的加入。Ba/La、Ba/Nb、Ba/Th、Rb/Nb、Th/Nb和Sm/Yb等微量元素比值表明黄山南岩体的岩浆源区可能为一被俯冲板片沉积物和流体改造过的较富集的岩石圈地幔。主量元素变化特征显示了岩浆结晶分异作用的一般特征;较高的Ba/Nb比值,相对高的La/Nb和低La/Ba值以及Ni-Ta-(Ti)元素的负异常表明岩浆上升过程中可能经历了地壳物质的混染作用。黄山南岩体年龄及岩石地球化学特征综合表明其能够代表东天山地区地幔岩浆演化早期阶段的产物,具有较好的成矿潜力。 相似文献
5.
金川铜镍硫化物矿床的岩浆质量平衡与成矿过程 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
金川铜镍硫化物矿床及其与附近的镁铁-超镁铁质岩体的成因关系对成岩成矿理论研究及找矿具有重要意义。通过对镁铁-超镁铁质岩体的岩石学、年代学、岩石地球化学、同位素地球化学研究,获得金川附近的茅草泉镁铁-超镁铁质岩体中单颗粒锆石U-Pb年龄为(832.5±1.5)Ma,与金川超镁铁质岩体中锆石U-Pb年龄(831.8±0.6)Ma在误差范围内一致。岩石地球化学数据显示,金川岩体与茅草泉岩体都属于亚碱性拉斑玄武岩系列,微量及稀土元素配分曲线平行,变化趋势相似,属于右倾型,具有Nb、Ta负异常;Cu/Zr比值显示过渡变化特征,Cu/Ni比值都小于1,原始地幔标准化的铂族元素配分曲线平行过渡。同位素地球化学数据显示,样品具有高正εSr(t)值,低的εNd(t)值,较低的206Pb/204Pb值,指示岩浆源区为EMⅠ型富集岩石圈地幔。多种方法证明了金川、茅草泉岩体具有同期同源岩浆演化特征,茅草泉小岩体群可能是金川母岩浆先期侵入岩相,为金川矿床的形成贡献了亲铁元素与橄榄石成分。 相似文献
6.
对新疆西准噶尔达尔布特蛇绿岩套柳树沟镁铁质杂岩中橄榄辉长岩、蛇纹石化橄榄辉长岩、辉长岩和蚀变辉长岩地球化学分析表明:辉长岩和蚀变辉长岩具有钙碱性和拉斑玄武岩的双重特征,橄榄辉长岩和蛇纹石化橄榄辉长岩属镁铁质堆积岩,为蛇绿岩组成单元;稀土总量较高,具微弱正Eu异常,稀土元素配分模式为略左倾平坦型,与SSZ型镁铁质堆晶岩稀土配分模式相同;微量元素蛛网图上,富集大离子亲石元素Cs、K、Th、U,相对亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta,可能代表俯冲板片的流体交代上覆地幔楔使地幔岩石发生部分熔融。地球化学构造环境判别柳树沟镁铁质岩石岩浆源区为亏损型地幔向富集型地幔过渡的适度富集型地幔,其形成的最佳模型是在成熟岛弧基础上裂谷化形成的一个不成熟的类似边缘海性质弧后盆地,不具成熟大洋或盆地那样的洋壳-上地幔结构,在盆地扩张初期岩浆具岛弧特征,随着盆地被进一步打开,镁铁质岩石具N-MORB特征。对辉长岩采用SHRIMP锆石U-Pb同位素年龄测试,获得特柳树沟镁铁质岩石的结晶时间为314.9±1.7 Ma。 相似文献
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8.
铁质系列的镁铁-超镁铁质侵入岩具有镍矿成矿专属性,但并非所有的类似侵入岩都含矿,根据镁铁-超镁铁质侵入岩含矿特点可总结成矿规律,有效指导区域找矿实践。青海省化隆地区发育114个镁铁-超镁铁质侵入岩体,其含矿性特点与成矿规律是制约该岩带找矿突破的关键因素。本文通过对区内裕龙沟、亚曲、阿什贡及下什堂等岩体地质特征、年代学、岩石地球化学特征及区域对比分析研究,发现这些岩体具有相近的成岩时代,集中于436~449 Ma,可能是同一构造背景的产物。S同位素、Re-Os同位素及Sr-Nd同位素共同揭示了岩体的母岩浆来自一个曾被交代富集的地幔源区,其εNd(t)=-7.74~+8.36,初步表明其岩浆源区应该位于软流圈地幔,并混有一部分被俯冲板片交代的地幔楔物质。而这种交代富集事件可能与祁连、柴北缘在早古生代期间大规模的俯冲有关,是弧岩浆作用的成矿表现。化隆群富硅地层S的混入为硫化物的不混溶创造了条件,致使岩浆中熔离出的硫化物液滴聚集,侵位到理想空间形成不同品位不同类型的铜镍矿体。岩相分异充分、橄榄石富集、基性程度较高的侵入岩体相对易形成镍矿体,对青海省化隆地区镁铁-超镁铁质岩体的含矿性评价具有重要指示作用。 相似文献
9.
藏南雅鲁藏布蛇绿岩被认为是新特提斯大洋岩石圈的残留。该带中段的日喀则白马让蛇绿岩是保存较完整的蛇绿岩岩块之一。该蛇绿岩主要由橄榄岩、蛇纹岩、镁铁质侵入岩和玄武岩组成,缺堆晶岩系。镁铁质侵入岩主要呈辉绿岩脉、岩床和少量的岩墙产出。辉绿岩脉在整个蛇绿岩层序中均有分布,侵入橄榄岩的部分岩脉已经变为变辉绿岩和异剥钙榴岩。辉绿岩床(墙)向上逐渐过渡为玄武岩。局部可见日喀则群整合覆盖在玄武岩之上。地球化学分析显示不同产状的镁铁质岩均属于低钾或中钾的拉斑玄武岩,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti和LREE,具有弧前玄武岩(FAB)或弧后盆地玄武岩(BABB)的特征,它们的Ti/V和Yb/V的比值与BABB或正常大洋中脊玄武岩(N-MORB)相似,Sr-Nd-Pb同位素数据指示了亏损地幔(DM)与富集地幔(EM)过渡的源区。镁铁质岩野外产出关系和地球化学特征表明,白马让蛇绿岩的镁铁质岩组合可能形成于SSZ环境。考虑到超镁铁质岩、镁铁质岩和日喀则群在空间上的连续性,认为白马让蛇绿岩可能是起源于亚洲大陆边缘俯冲带上的洋盆,属于原地系统,而非外来的构造岩片。 相似文献
10.
日喀则地区的蛇绿岩是西藏南部雅鲁藏布蛇绿岩带出露较好的蛇绿岩之一。对日喀则地区白朗蛇绿岩的主量、微量元素及Sr-Nd同位素研究表明,其基性岩石为钙碱性系列,主要氧化物具有低钛(0.6%~1.1%)和富镁(6.6%~8.7%)、高铝(15.3%~16.0%),以及烧失量普遍较高(2.8%~4.6%)的特征。岩石微量元素配分型式与N-MORB类似,又具有岛弧玄武岩的地球化学特征,表明蛇绿岩受到了俯冲作用的影响。Sr-Nd同位素特征表明源区为略富集的MORB型地幔。白朗蛇绿岩所代表的特提斯地幔域与印度洋地幔域具有相似的地球化学性质,进一步证实了现今的印度洋继承了特提斯地幔域的地球化学特征。 相似文献
11.
攀西茨达复式岩体年代学和地球化学:对峨眉山地幔柱活动时间的约束 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
茨达复式岩体位于中国西南扬子地台西缘的攀西裂谷内,其岩性从基性到酸性连续变化,SiO2含量为40.06％ ～68.54％,但以基性和酸性岩石为主,中性岩石较少,而且非常不均匀,通常具有斑杂构造特征.从基性岩到酸性岩,各岩石样品由轻稀土弱富集型变为较强富集型.微量元素表现为酸性岩中Rb、Th、K、La、Ce、Pb、Nd、Zr、Hf、Sm呈正异常和Ba、Nb、Ta、Sr、P、Ti的负异常;基性岩除Ti负异常和Pb正异常外,其它异常不明显;中性岩具有Ti、Sr负异常和Pb正异常,其它特征介于基性岩和酸性岩石之间.野外和岩相学特征明显指示出中性岩石具有混合特征.酸性端元岩浆准铝质的特征以及相对低的SiO2含量指示其起源于玄武质下地壳的部分熔融,而基性端元岩浆的地球化学特征以及高温特征暗示着其起源于地幔柱源区.锆石U-Pb年龄数据表明,该复式岩体中基性端元LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb锆石年龄为243.76±0.77Ma,酸性端元年龄为240.5±0.76Ma,可能代表了峨眉山大火成岩省岩浆活动的尾声阶段. 相似文献
12.
Prasanta K. Patro Ujjal K. Borah G. Ashok Babu B. Veeraiah S. V. S. Sarma 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2017,89(6):711-718
The geochemistry of the mafic xenoliths from Baspa valley of Himachal Pradesh, India has been investigated to characterize their protoliths on the basis of immobile elements, especially trace elements including REE. The mafic xenoliths occur within the Kinnaur Kailash granite (KKG) and their geochemistry show that they have tholeiitic nature with basaltic composition. Compositionally, they range from ‘depleted’ to ‘enriched’ MORB as observed on the binary diagrams of Ti vs V and Zr vs Ti and on ternary diagrams of Zr-Ti-Y and Th-Zr-N. Likewise, they match with various enriched or ‘transitional’ MORB types as evident from their Zr vs Nb binary plot. Their enriched character when compared with N-MORB, E-MORB and OIB rocks on chondrite and primordial mantle normalized plots reveals that it is intermediate to that of E-MORB and OIB. The geochemistry of the rocks suggest that the enriched components are probably derived by melting of a mantle source with E-MORB or OIB rather than due to the crustal contamination. The study carried out emphasize that the mafic xenoliths have developed in rift environment, and that they are not volcanic rocks of island arc related to subduction tectonics. It is visualized that the mafic xenoliths were formed as cumulate rocks from the tholeiitic magmas that were rising to lower crust levels in a rift environment, which at a later stage got entrapped as restitic material in the host Kinnaur Kailash granite formed in a collision environment, and propose a change of regime from rift related to collision environment prior to Palaeozoic period. 相似文献
13.
苏海图组火山岩发育自然铜矿化,具有从拉斑玄武岩系列向钙碱性玄武岩系列过渡的特点。依据地球化学特征,表明其TiO2含量较低(1%),玄武岩高的Al2O3含量、低的稀土含量,并且稀土元素曲线具有平缓型到轻稀土低度富集的特点。微量元素原始地幔标准化图解上,它们均富集大离子亲石因素(LILE),亏损高场强元素(HFSE),具有强的Nb和Ta的负异常,Ti的低负异常,以及P和Sm的低正异常。Zr/Nb值和Sm/Nd值接近MORB的范围,Th/Nb值大于0.11,Nb/Zr值小于0.04。以上这些特征均显示出典型岛弧岩浆的特点。所以,苏海图组火山岩为火山弧火山岩,其构造背景为大陆岛弧,源区可能为被流体或沉积物交待改造的亏损地幔。 相似文献
14.
Geochronology and Geochemistry of Mafic Rocks in the Xuhe, Shaanxi, China: Implications for Petrogenesis and Mantle Dynamics 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The Xuhe mafic rocks, located in Ziyang county of Shaanxi Province, are dominated by diabase-porphyrite, gabbro–diabase, diabase, and pyroxene diorite. Primitive mantle-normalized multi-element patterns show that, the Xuhe mafic rocks are enriched in large ion lithophile elements(LITE), such as Ba and Pb, depleted in K and Sr for basic rocks, and are depleted in Sr, P and Ti for pyroxene diorite. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns display LREE enrichment(LaN/YbN = 9.34–13.99) and have normalized patterns for trace element and REE similar to that of typical OIB. Detailed SIMS zircon U–Pb dating yields emplacement ages of 438.4 ± 3.1 Ma for Xuhe mafic rocks. The relatively low Mg O(basic rock: 3.11–7.21 wt%; pyroxene diorite: 0.89–1.21 wt%) and Mg#(0.20–0.49) for Xuhe mafic rocks suggest that they were possibly originated from an extremely evolved magma. The rising parental mafic magmas underwent pyroxene and plagioclase fractionation. Crustal contamination of pyroxene diorite before emplacement occurred at a higher crustal level compared to other lithology in Xuhe mafic rocks. The degree of partial melt was low(5%–10%) and in garnetspinel transition facies. Sr-Nd isotope of pyroxene diorite and enrichment mantle characteristics for Xuhe mafic rocks suggest that mafic rocks in the North Daba Mountains were derived from a mixture of HIMU, EMII and small amount of EMI components. Furthermore, this study discusses mantle geodynamic significance of Xuhe mafic rocks in the Silurian, which indicates subduction and uplift of magma caused back-arc extension. 相似文献
15.
The petrogenesis and tectonic evolution of the Mesozoic ophiolitic mélanges in the western section of the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone (YZSZ) remain controversial. In this paper, we present the results of whole-rock geochemical and SrNd isotope analyses, zircon UPb ages and in situ LuHf isotopic data obtained from mafic rocks of the northern and southern sub-belts of the western YZSZ Mesozoic ophiolitic mélanges to help us understand these controversial issues. Diabases and dolerites from the northern sub-belt and gabbros from the southern sub-belt exhibit variable fore-arc basalt (FAB)-like geochemical compositions and have zircon UPb ages of ∼126.4–120.3 Ma. In addition, gabbro-diabases from the northern sub-belt have boninite series affinities and yield a zircon UPb age of ∼125.7 Ma. These results, along with previous studies on the YZSZ Mesozoic ophiolitic mélanges and the Gangdese arc, reveal that the western YZSZ Mesozoic ophiolites were likely generated over multiple stages in the epicontinental Gangdese fore-arc basin as the Yarlung Zangbo Neo-Tethyan Ocean subducted northward in front of the Lhasa terrane. The Early Cretaceous FAB-like and boninite series mafic rocks were formed by the reinitiation of subduction, which was followed by a retreat of the subduction zone and the creation of the fore-arc basin and strong hyperextension, accompanied by asthenosphere upwelling at ∼130–120 Ma. During this process, the upwelling asthenosphere underwent decompressional melting with limited penetration of slab-derived fluids and gave rise to the N-MORB (normal mid-ocean ridge basalt)-like basaltic magmas that intruded the overlying, previously generated depleted mantle as FAB-like gabbro, diabase and dolerite sills or dykes. Then, boninitic magmas represented by boninitic gabbro-diabases were generated by remelting the extremely depleted residual mantle source, which was metasomatized by a small amount of slab-derived fluids, following previous extractions of FAB-like magma. 相似文献
16.
Sławomir Ilnicki 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2010,99(4):745-773
The Izera Complex (West Sudetes) contains widespread bodies of metagabbro, metadolerite and amphibolite (the Izera metabasites), and less abundant dykes of weakly altered dolerites, emplaced in a continental setting. The primary magmas of the Izera metabasites were probably formed through adiabatic decompression melting of upwelling asthenosphere (mantle plume) that was associated with the early Palaeozoic fragmentation of Gondwana (initial rift). The rocks are mildly alkaline, transitional-to-tholeiitic basalts and have OIB-like trace element patterns. Trace element modelling reveals that the mafic magmas were generated by variable degrees of partial melting (1–7%) of fertile, garnet-bearing asthenospheric source similar in composition to primitive mantle. Together with an increase in degree of partial melting, the compositional affinity of the magmas and the depth of segregation changed progressively from ca. 70–90 km (mildly alkaline magmas of the metadolerites and amphibolites) to ca. 60–75 km (transitional-to-tholeiitic magmas of the metagabbros). The systematics of incompatible versus compatible element distribution, and major and trace element modelling, indicate that some rocks experienced low-pressure (<5 kbar) differentiation resulting in up to 50% fractionation of clinopyroxene, olivine and minor plagioclase and ilmenite. The genetically distinct weakly altered dolerites are basaltic andesite in composition and possibly related to late- or post-orogenic events in the Karkonosze-Izera Block. These rocks are calc-alkaline, with relatively flat MREE–HREE patterns, enrichment in LREE and other highly incompatible elements relative to primitive mantle, and negative Nb–Ta, Ti, P anomalies. The geochemical features and geochemical modelling, indicate that their primary magmas segregated at depths ≤70 km and were produced by ~2% melting of a metasomatized sublithospheric mantle source presumably containing small amounts of hydrated phases. Although the present study is inconclusive as to the origin of the metasomatic component in the source (? slab-derived fluid/melts, OIB-like alkaline melt percolation of subcontinental lithosphere), the genesis of the Izera basaltic andesites is seemingly related to upwelling of asthenosphere and heat flow triggered by a postulated decoupling of the mantle lithosphere and post-collisional extensional collapse and uplift in the Karkonosze-Izera Block. 相似文献
17.
通过锆石U-Pb定年、全岩主微量元素、Sr-Nd-Pb和锆石Hf同位素测试, 对滇西姚安Au-Pb-Ag矿床含矿正长斑岩和粗面岩的地球化学特征进行了分析, 系统探讨了其岩浆起源和演化过程.正长斑岩和粗面岩的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为33.8±0.42 Ma和33.9±0.60 Ma, 它们与同时代滇西镁铁质火山岩和煌斑岩具有相似的稀土和微量元素配分模式和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成, 而与区内同时代加厚地壳来源的富碱埃达克质岩石存在Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf同位素组成的明显差异.全岩SiO2与主微量元素关系指示正长斑岩和粗面岩总体上可由矿区内同时代的基性岩浆岩分异演化而来, 表明它们与这些基性岩浆岩起源相似, 较高的Rb/Sr(≥ 0.1)和较低的Ba/Rb(< 20)比值, 指示其源区为富金云母富集地幔, 较低的εHf和古老的模式年龄暗示源区的交代富集发生在中元古代.姚安富碱岩浆活动与矿化关系密切.正长斑岩和粗面岩较滇西镁铁质火山岩和煌斑岩具有稍高的初始Pb同位素组成, 暗示岩浆可能遭受了地壳混染, 从而提高了母岩浆中的金属含量, 增强了岩浆成矿潜力; 适中的氧逸度利于Au富集; 角闪石分离结晶和较多黑云母发育指示母岩浆含水量较高, 利于成矿流体的形成.这些特征综合起来为矿化发育提供了有利条件. 相似文献
18.
达巴蛇绿岩位于雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带西段南亚带,主要由地幔橄榄岩、基性岩脉和硅质岩组成,其形成时代和构造背景尚不清楚.首次报道了达巴蛇绿岩中基性岩脉的岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学、全岩地球化学数据.达巴辉长岩和辉绿岩具有高的Al和Mg、低Ti、K和P,为低钾钙碱性玄武质岩石.岩石具有与N-MORB一致的稀土配分模式,但是N-MORB标准化蛛网图中显示Nb负异常,显示了受到俯冲板片流体的影响.辉绿岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为120.0±1.7 Ma,为早白垩世晚期,地球化学特征显示源自于低程度的尖晶石相地幔源区的部分熔融.结合前人研究成果,认为达巴蛇绿岩形成于与初始俯冲有关的弧前扩张中心,是受到俯冲板片流体交代的上覆地幔楔部分熔融的产物. 相似文献
19.
We report a new whole-rock dataset of major and trace element abundances and 87Sr/86Sr–143Nd/144Nd isotope ratios for basaltic to rhyolitic lavas from the Rooiberg continental large igneous province (LIP). The formation of the Paleoproterozoic Rooiberg Group is contemporaneous with and spatially related to the layered intrusion of the Bushveld Complex, which stratigraphically separates the volcanic succession. Our new data confirm the presence of low- and high-Ti mafic and intermediate lavas (basaltic—andesitic compositions) with >?4 wt% MgO, as well as evolved rocks (andesitic—rhyolitic compositions), characterized by MgO contents of <?4 wt%. The high- and low-Ti basaltic lavas have different incompatible trace element ratios (e.g. (La/Sm)N, Nb/Y and Ti/Y), indicating a different petrogenesis. MELTS modelling shows that the evolved lavas are formed by fractional crystallization from the mafic low-Ti lavas at low-to-moderate pressures (~?4 kbar). Primitive mantle-normalized trace element patterns of the Rooiberg rocks show an enrichment of large ion lithophile elements (LILE), rare-earth elements (REE) and pronounced negative anomalies of Nb, Ta, P, Ti and a positive Pb anomaly. Unaltered Rooiberg lavas have negative εNdi (??5.2 to ??9.4) and radiogenic εSri (6.6 to 105) ratios (at 2061 Ma). These data overlap with isotope and trace element compositions of purported parental melts to the Bushveld Complex, especially for the lower zone. We suggest that the Rooiberg suite originated from a source similar to the composition of the B1-magma suggested as parental to the Bushveld Lower Zone, or that the lavas represent eruptive successions of fractional crystallization products related to the ultramafic cumulates that were forming at depth. The Rooiberg magmas may have formed by 10–20% crustal assimilation by the fractionation of a very primitive mantle-derived melt within the upper crust of the Kaapvaal Craton. Alternatively, the magmas represent mixtures of melts from a primitive, sub-lithospheric mantle plume and an enriched sub-continental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) component with harzburgitic composition. Regardless of which of the two scenarios is invoked, the lavas of the Rooiberg Group show geochemical similarities to the Jurassic Karoo flood basalts, implying that the Archean lithosphere strongly affected both of these large-scale melting events. 相似文献