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1.
芦苇化感组分对羊角月牙藻和雷氏衣藻生长特性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了从芦苇(Phragmitis communis Trin)中分离得到的化感组分对羊角月牙藻(Selenastrum caprtcornutum)和雷氏衣藻(Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)生长特性的影响.在藻类生长的对数期向培养液中投加不同浓度的化感组分,分别测定并观察了培养期间受试藻种藻密度和藻细胞形态的变化情况.结果表明,该化感组分对羊角月牙藻藻密度的增长具有明显的抑制作用,半效应浓度(EC50.7d)值为0.60mg/L,同时使羊角月牙藻细胞内部结构改变,形态变大.投加6mg/L化感组分后,藻细胞平均宽度是对照组的1.5倍.该化感组分对雷氏衣藻藻密度的增长没有明显的抑制作用,但使其运动性能降低. 相似文献
2.
研究微电流电解不同电流密度下铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)的叶绿素荧光参数变化,从藻类生理生态特征方面揭示电解抑藻的作用机理.结果表明:对于体积一定而初始细胞密度不同的铜绿微囊藻藻液,微电流电解抑藻存在相应的临界电流密度阈值,当电流密度阈值时,藻的生长得到完全抑制.当电流密度阈值时,藻的光系统Ⅱ受损,但经过6 d的培养其生理活性可恢复正常.若电流密度临界值,电解胁迫将超过藻的耐受能力,从培养的第2 d开始藻的光系统Ⅱ功能完全丧失.电解抑藻一方面是通过破坏光系统Ⅱ和捕光天线藻胆体之间的连接,使藻胆体无法继续向光系统Ⅱ传递光能;另一方面是通过破坏藻细胞光系统Ⅱ结构,使其无法进行光合作用,最终导致藻细胞的死亡. 相似文献
3.
采用广谱性固相萃取小柱富集以10 g( FW)/L的密度培养三天后的苦草(Vallisneria spiralis)种植水,不同溶剂洗脱得到的各组分对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)的生长表现出不同程度的抑制,其中甲醇洗脱组分抑藻活性最强.去除该组分中的酚酸后,其抑藻活性下降了22.8％,表明... 相似文献
4.
黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)抑制作用 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
采用黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)和铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)共同培养的实验方法,追踪测定微囊藻的生长量、光合速率等相关生理生化指标以及观察藻细胞超微结构变化,研究黑藻对铜绿微囊藻的抑制作用及其机制．结果表明,黑藻对铜绿微囊藻的生长有明显的抑制作用,表现为藻细胞生长量显著降低,细胞超微结构进行性损伤直至细胞解体,藻体叶绿素a含量和光合速率急剧下降,呼吸速率、超氧物歧化酶(SOD)活性均呈现先升高后下降的趋势,膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)的积累量与膜的损伤程度相一致．在黑藻养殖水中初步分离得到黑藻分泌的抑藻物质． 相似文献
5.
通过岩心、薄片观察、X射线衍射分析、干酪根鉴定和碳氧同位素测试等技术方法,明确了岩石学特征、有机质组分类型及赋存状态、碳氧同位素值特征,结合准噶尔盆地二叠纪地层特征及火山机构分布,对吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组沉积时期火山活动的环境响应进行研究。结果表明:吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组岩性为火山物质与碳酸盐岩的混合沉积,火山物质为凹陷周缘或远源火山活动输入。有机质组分以降解藻和沥青质体为主,来源于遭受降解作用的低等水生藻类。剖面碳酸盐岩碳同位素介于6. 8‰～9. 7‰,平均值为8. 3‰,具有向正高值漂移的特征,氧同位素介于-11. 9‰～-4. 3‰,平均值为-6. 2‰。通过对准噶尔盆地二叠纪地层特征及火山机构分布调查的结果表明,该时期盆地范围内火山活动规模大,范围广。凹陷内部火山活动较弱,受其周缘火山活动的影响强烈。火山活动期间,飘落湖盆中的火山物质释放出大量营养元素有利于藻类等有机生物生长,在安静还原的水体环境中,有机质呈藻纹层分布,碳同位素具有正高值特征。火山活动间歇期,湖平面下降,湖泊底部水体向氧化环境转变,有机质遭到降解,以局部顺层富集或分散状分布,碳同位素值降低。凹陷周缘及盆地范围内长期、频繁的火山活动促使藻类等低等生物繁盛是碳同位素具有正高值特征及规律变化的根本原因。 相似文献
6.
用刚收割的水稻(Oryza sativa L.)秸秆浸提液代替水配制培养基培养铜绿微囊藻(Microcystic aeruginosa),追踪测定微囊藻的生物量、叶绿素a含量、光合速率、呼吸速率、膜透性、超氧物歧化酶(SOD)活性、光合膜自发荧光强度等相关生理生化指标的变化,研究水稻秸秆浸液对铜绿微囊藻的抑制作用.结果表明,质量比≥1/100(水稻秸秆/水)的水稻秸秆浸提液对微囊藻的生长有明显的抑制作用,表现如下:藻细胞生物量在实验过程中逐日降低,藻细胞叶绿素a含量和光合速率急剧下降,呼吸速率和超氧物歧化酶(SOD)活性呈先升高后下降的趋势,膜透性迅速升高,细胞光合膜自发荧光强度显著衰减.用不同的有机溶剂对该浸提液进行萃取,浓缩后用滤纸片法在固体培养基上做抑藻实验,乙醚和乙酸乙酯萃取液能明显看到抑藻圈,证实其中含有抑制物质. 相似文献
7.
为研究附生细菌对蓝藻水华细胞微环境的影响,从微囊藻水华中分离出34株藻附生细菌,研究其产酶能力.对氮代谢相关的酶活性测定结果显示:其中13株菌具有蛋白酶活性,5株菌具有较强的氨氮脱除能力,1株菌具有强烈的硝酸还原酶活性;4株菌具有较高的碱性磷酸酶活性;11株菌具有产脂酶的活性.通过菌和藻共同培养的方法,观察菌对微囊藻生长的影响,结果显示,有11株菌表现出较明显的促藻生长作用,占总筛选菌株总数的32%;有3株菌表现出较显著的抑制藻生长的作用,占总筛选菌株总数的9.9%.附生菌产酶能力与生长相关性的分析显示,促进微囊藻生长的附生菌都具有蛋白酶或脂酶活性. 相似文献
8.
我国水华蓝藻的新类群——阿氏浮丝藻(Planktothrix agardhii)生理特性 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
阿氏浮丝藻(Planktothrix agardhii)是水华蓝藻的重要类群,实验对我国不同省份分离到的5株阿氏浮丝藻生长速率、色素组成、光合活性参数进行了测定.结果表明分离于广州的HABll28叶绿素a(Chla)含量较低,藻蓝蛋白(c-Pc)比例和含量较高.电子传递速率(ETR)测定结果表明,HABIl28的ETR曲线较高,最大ETRme值也显著高于其余4株,高效的光能电子传递链弥补了光合色素Chla的不足,以致HABIl28保持了中性的生长速率.分离于武汉东湖的HAB631则与之正好相反,较高的ChLa受限于光能电子传递链的薄弱,生长速率表现较低.分离于北京、上海、昆明的3株藻株在各项生理指标上无显著差异. 相似文献
9.
水生植物是湖泊沉积物中内源有机质的主要来源,但目前研究者对水生植物正构烷烃和脂肪酸分布特征的研究有限,极大地限制了湖泊沉积物同位素地球化学在环境变化研究中的应用.文章总结了全球湖泊已报道水生植物脂类结果,结合在中国主要湖泊新获得的脂类数据,系统讨论了湖泊水生植物脂类分布特征.我们发现水生植物基本以中等链长脂类(C_(23)～C_(25)正构烷烃和C_(22)～C_(24)脂肪酸)为主峰碳,与陆生植物存在差别(以长链脂类为主峰碳),但一些水生植物样品的长链正构烷烃(如C_(27)和C_(29))和长链脂肪酸(如C_(26)和C_(28))也具有较高丰度.沉水植物具有较高含量的长链正构烷烃(平均47μg g~(-1))和长链脂肪酸(平均170μg g~(-1)),与陆生植物脂类含量接近,表明当湖泊中沉水植物大量生长时,其可能对沉积物的长链脂类存在较大贡献.但藻类长链正构烷烃和长链脂肪酸的含量较低(平均含量分别为2和9μg g~(-1)),表明其对沉积物长链脂类的影响可能较小.通过对水生植物和陆生植物脂类分子指标进行比较,我们发现ACL_(14-32)和ATR_(14-18)值能有效将藻类和其他植物来源的脂肪酸区分开,Paq′值能很好地将沉水植物和陆生植物来源的正构烷烃区分开.每个水生植物样品不同奇碳数正构烷烃(C_(21)～C_(31))和不同偶碳数脂肪酸(C_(20)～C_(30))分子间δD值无明显差别,表明湖泊沉积物脂类分子间δD值的差异可能具有区分其输入来源,以及反映湖泊水文条件的潜力. 相似文献
10.
人类活动引起的富营养化对太湖的碳循环模式可能产生严重影响,精细描述太湖藻华暴发-消退周期的溶解性有机质分子是了解太湖碳库动态变化的关键.本研究利用傅立叶变换离子回旋共振质谱技术,以太湖北部梅梁湾2017年5月至2018年5月的表层水体为研究对象,解析藻华暴发-消退周期溶解性有机质的来源和分子组成特征,进而理解浮游藻类异常增殖对水体溶解性有机质的影响及其在区域碳循环中的角色.研究结果表明,藻华暴发期浮游藻类生产力显著增加,使得表层水体的溶解性有机质从含量到分子组成均发生剧烈改变.含量上表现为溶解性有机碳浓度升高,分子组成上表现为CHO类化合物和以脂肪族类化合物为代表的活性组分占比增加,特征化合物以相对高饱和度和高含氧的小质量数分子为主.而在藻华消退期,随着藻类有机质贡献的减少和有机质降解过程的持续进行,含量上表现为溶解性有机碳浓度下降,分子组成上表现为CHOS、CHONS类化合物和富羧酸脂环类化合物等惰性分子占比增加,特征化合物以大质量数分子和相对低饱和度和低含氧的小质量数分子为主.研究结果表明,太湖水体的溶解性有机质分子组成在藻华暴发期受藻类有机质输入控制,在消退期受藻类有机质降解的影响. 相似文献
11.
The temperature gradient along the altitude transect of Mt.Jianfengling provides a good opportunity to establish and evaluate the microbial lipid-based environmental proxies.The soils collected from 14 different altitudes of Mt.Jianfengling contain abundant microbial fatty acids and fatty alcohols,including iso/anteiso fatty acids(i/aC12:0–i/aC19:0),10-Me-C16:0 fatty acid,iso/anteiso fatty alcohols(i/aC13–iC26),10-Me-C16:0 fatty alcohol and unsaturated fatty alcohols,which can indicate a strong microbial activity in the Jianfengling soils.The branched and unsaturated fatty alcohols can be only detected when saponification is performed,implying that these lipids are present as the constituents of bacterial wax esters in the soils.The ratio of aC15/iC15 fatty acids is positively correlated with altitude,suggesting that the decrease in temperature can induce the increase in the relative abundance of anteiso C15 fatty acid.In contrast,the ratio of aC15/iC15 fatty alcohols and of aC15/nC15 fatty alcohols both decrease with increased altitude or decreased temperature.Similarly,the ratio of nC18:1/nC18:0 fatty alcohols also decreases with decreased temperature,which is opposite to the previous observation that unsaturation of fatty acids in microorganism increases in response to decreased temperature.Besides,the average chain length(ACL)of long chain fatty alcohols(C22–C30)from leaf waxes and carbon preference index(CPI)of all n-fatty alcohols are also significantly correlated with altitude or mean annual temperature,demonstrating their potential for paleoclimate reconstruction.The correlation of microbial fatty acids and alcohols as well as ACL and CPI of plant wax-derived fatty alcohols with altitude may provide novel ways to reconstruct paleotemperature and paleoaltimetry. 相似文献
12.
The community structure and fatty acid composition of plankton in broodstock ponds were studied at the Bishui Fisheries Company in the Liaoning Province, northeast China, between May and December 2002 and in March 2003. The Fatty acid analysis of bighead carp larvae and plankton in the fry pond occurred during June, July, and September 2002. The fatty acid composition of the plankton varied with seasonal changes in the community structure. When blue‐green algae dominated the broodstock ponds in spring and summer, the percentage of saturated fatty acids (SFA) (especially 16:0) was high. When diatoms and cryptophytes dominated in autumn and winter, the percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (mainly n–3 PUFA) was high. Similarly, a high content of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) occurred in autumn and winter when DHA‐rich copepods became an important group of zooplankton. In addition, environmental factors, especially water temperature, influenced the fatty acid composition of plankton. 16:0, DHA, and 18:1n–9 were dominant fatty acids of bighead carp larvae during ontogeny. 16:0, C18 unsaturated fatty acids, and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were major fatty acids of plankton in the fry pond. Analysis of the relationship between the fatty acids of the larvae and those of plankton showed that the fatty acid profiles of the larvae did not always agree with those of plankton. 相似文献
13.
热带富营养化湖泊中浮游植物的脂肪酸组成与分布 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
星湖位于广东省．是一个热带地区的湖泊．本文测定和分析了该湖的两个子湖仙女湖和中心湖浮游植物群落的脂肪酸组成,探讨了浮游植物群落特征与脂肪酸组成之间的关系．两个子湖的富营养化程度较高,其中中心湖更严重．仙女湖的浮游植物群落以蓝藻为主导,而在中心湖则蓝藻或金藻占优势．浮游植物样品中检测到的脂肪酸碳链长为16碳到22碳．其中饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸种类较少,均有3种;而高不饱和脂肪酸的种类相对较多．两个子湖的脂肪酸均以饱和脂肪酸为主,高不饱和脂肪酸浓度相对较低．对于单一的脂肪酸种类来说,C16：0浓度最高,其浓度与蓝藻数量有很高的相关性(R^2=0．955,P=0．001),表明样品中的C16：0主要来源于蓝藻．而富含EPA(二十碳五烯酸)的硅藻和隐藻生物量高时其浮游植物的EPA浓度也较高;在中心湖中高浓度的DHA(二十二碳六烯酸)主要来源于金藻总之．两个子湖泊的脂肪酸组成与浮游植物群落结构特征基本一致． 相似文献
14.
The effect of mature compost (MC) used as a bulking agent on ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and short‐chain fatty acids emission reduction during sewage sludge (SS) composting process was studied in this paper. Three types of mixtures, single SS, SS + wood chips (SS + WC), and SS + MC, were composted in a laboratory reactor. Among the different treatments, decrement rates of NH3 emission (based on initial TN) from SS to SS + MC and SS + WC to SS + MC were 63 and 59%, respectively. The H2S concentration ranged from 0.759 to 1.140 mg m?3 for SS, from 0.075 to 0.455 mg m?3 for SS + WC, and from 0.075 to 0.425 mg m?3 for SS + MC and the short‐chain fatty acids (C2–C5) concentration ranged from 0.10 to 1.00 ppm for SS, from 0.10 to 1.50 ppm for SS + WC, and from 0.10 to 0.80 ppm for SS + MC. In addition, the temperature apparently, as well as the thermophilic stage, was also elevated by bulking agent addition, especially by the MC addition. The denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis indicated that there was more diversity of the bacterial community during the SS + MC process. According to these results, MC was a suitable bulking agent for reduction ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and short‐chain fatty acids emission during the SS composting. 相似文献
15.
Rhodococcus sp. P14 was isolated from crude oil-contaminated sediments. This strain was capable of utilizing three to five rings polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) including phenanthrene (Phe), pyrene (Pyr), and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) as a sole carbon and energy source. After cultivated with 50mg/L of each PAH, strain P14 removed 43% Phe, 34% Pyr and 30% BaP in 30 d. Four different hydroxyphenanthrene products derived from Phe by strain P14 (1,2,3,4-hydroxyphenanthrene) were detected using SPME-GC-MS. Strain P14 also was capable of degrading mineral oil with n-alkanes of C17 to C21 carbon chain length. Compared with glucose-grown cells, PAHs-grown cells had decreased contents of shorter-chain length fatty acids (≤ C16:0), increased contents of C18:0, Me-C19:0 and disappeared odd-number carbon chain fatty acids. The contents of unsaturated C19:1, Me-C19:0 increased and C18:0 decreased in mineral oil-grown cells. At the same time, the strain P14 tended to float when cultivated in mineral oil-supplemented liquid medium. The degradation capability of P14 to alkane and PAHs and its floating characteristics will be very helpful for future's application in oil-spill bioremediation. 相似文献
16.
Seston fatty acid composition and copepod RNA:DNA ratio with respect to the underwater light climate in fluvial Lac Saint-Pierre 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Julien Pommier Jean-Jacques Frenette Philippe Massicotte Jean-Fran?ois Lapierre Hélène Glémet 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2012,74(3):539-553
The relationship between the underwater light availability at different wavelengths (from 351 to 700?nm) and the fatty acid (FA) composition of seston, as well as the trophic transfer of fatty acids from producers to consumers and its influence on copepod growth condition, were investigated throughout fluvial Lac Saint-Pierre (Québec, Canada). Seston and zooplankton were collected at 11 sampling sites located within distinct water masses discriminated according to their underwater spectral characteristics. Diffuse light attenuation coefficients (Kd(??)) varied among sampling sites and wavelengths (??) and were negatively correlated to seston composition in some essential fatty acids. Particularly, the relationships between Kd(??) and the seston concentration in 20:5n3 and 22:6n3 differed and were wavelength dependent, being stronger for ?? close to the absorption maxima of chlorophyll a, suggesting a potential link with photosynthetic processes. The concentrations of 16:1n7, 18:3n3 and 20:5n3 in copepods were strongly correlated to those in the seston, which points towards the trophic transfer of these fatty acids between primary producers and herbivorous consumers. Moreover, the growth condition of copepods, as expressed by their RNA:DNA ratio, was correlated to the concentrations of 16:1n7, 18:3n3 and 20:5n3 in the seston and in copepods. Our field study sheds light on the potential importance, yet to be precised, of specific wavelengths as a driver of Lac Saint-Pierre??s productivity through their influence on fatty acids composition of seston and its nutritional quality for primary consumers. 相似文献
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卤虫包括成体、无节幼体和卤虫卵,蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪酸等营养成分的含量是评价卤虫质量的主要标准,因为摄食动物饵料效果取决于氨基酸、脂肪酸的组成与含量.西藏拉果错卤虫的营养成分含量较高,1996、1997年盐湖研究中心连续取样测定,其蛋白质含量成体接近20%,无节幼体约 55%,脱壳卵近 50%;粗脂肪成体 3%,无节幼体和脱壳卵均为 15%左右;氨基酸总量成体 18%,无节幼体近 50%,脱壳卵 44%左右在对 1997年样品进行脂肪酸测定后发现,成体不饱和脂肪酸达83%,无节幼体91%以上,脱壳卵超过87%;三种高级不饱和脂肪酸(20∶2,20∶4,20∶5)HUFA含量:成体近8%,幼体和脱壳卵均超过20%;三种必需脂肪酸(18∶2,18∶3,20∶5)EFA含量:成体为16%,幼体21%,脱壳卵26%;无节幼体和脱壳卵的二十碳五烯酸(20∶5)EPA含量均在 18%以上,较我国新疆、青海、内蒙古、 山西、河北地区的盐湖卤虫和天津、海南盐田卤虫的(20:5)EPA含量高,脱壳卵的不饱和脂肪酸总量比已知的国内外其它盐湖卤虫的相应指数高 相似文献
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西藏拉果错卤虫：2营养成分 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
卤虫包括成体,无节幼体和卤虫卵,蛋白质,氨基酸,脂肪酶等营养成分的含量是评价卤虫质量的主要标准,因为摄食动物饵粒效果取决于氨基酸,脂肪酸的组成与含量,西藏拉果错卤虫的营养成分含量较高,１９９６、１９９７年盐湖研究中心连续取样测定,其蛋白质含量成本接近２０％,无节幼体约５５％,脱壳卵近５０％;粗脂肪成体３％,无节幼 和脱壳超过８７％,三种高级不饱和脂肪酸（２０：３,２０：４,２０：５）ＨＵＦＡ含量。 相似文献