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1.
马来眼子菜体内抑藻物质分离及常见脂肪酸抑藻效应 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
提取马来眼子菜植物体内的抑藻物质,分离得到一活性组分,气质联用(GC-MS)鉴定其主要为脂肪酸类物质,抑制羊角月牙藻的半效应浓度(EC50,3d)为7.90mg/L.测定组分中含有的8种脂肪酸与油酸单独及联合作用对羊角月牙藻的抑藻效果,结果证实脂肪酸类物质具有化感抑藻效应,其抑藻效果与其碳链长度及其不饱和度有关,碳链越短其抑藻活性越高,不饱和脂肪酸的抑藻效应大于同碳链饱和脂肪酸,多种脂肪酸联合作用时具有协同作用.分离过程中也得到另一甾醇组分,其对羊角月牙藻没有明显抑制作用,且对脂肪酸类物质的抑藻效果没有影响. 相似文献
2.
用刚收割的水稻(Oryza sativa L.)秸秆浸提液代替水配制培养基培养铜绿微囊藻(Microcystic aeruginosa),追踪测定微囊藻的生物量、叶绿素a含量、光合速率、呼吸速率、膜透性、超氧物歧化酶(SOD)活性、光合膜自发荧光强度等相关生理生化指标的变化,研究水稻秸秆浸液对铜绿微囊藻的抑制作用.结果表明,质量比≥1/100(水稻秸秆/水)的水稻秸秆浸提液对微囊藻的生长有明显的抑制作用,表现如下:藻细胞生物量在实验过程中逐日降低,藻细胞叶绿素a含量和光合速率急剧下降,呼吸速率和超氧物歧化酶(SOD)活性呈先升高后下降的趋势,膜透性迅速升高,细胞光合膜自发荧光强度显著衰减.用不同的有机溶剂对该浸提液进行萃取,浓缩后用滤纸片法在固体培养基上做抑藻实验,乙醚和乙酸乙酯萃取液能明显看到抑藻圈,证实其中含有抑制物质. 相似文献
3.
研究微电流电解不同电流密度下铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)的叶绿素荧光参数变化,从藻类生理生态特征方面揭示电解抑藻的作用机理.结果表明:对于体积一定而初始细胞密度不同的铜绿微囊藻藻液,微电流电解抑藻存在相应的临界电流密度阈值,当电流密度阈值时,藻的生长得到完全抑制.当电流密度阈值时,藻的光系统Ⅱ受损,但经过6 d的培养其生理活性可恢复正常.若电流密度临界值,电解胁迫将超过藻的耐受能力,从培养的第2 d开始藻的光系统Ⅱ功能完全丧失.电解抑藻一方面是通过破坏光系统Ⅱ和捕光天线藻胆体之间的连接,使藻胆体无法继续向光系统Ⅱ传递光能;另一方面是通过破坏藻细胞光系统Ⅱ结构,使其无法进行光合作用,最终导致藻细胞的死亡. 相似文献
4.
黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)抑制作用 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
采用黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)和铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)共同培养的实验方法，追踪测定微囊藻的生长量、光合速率等相关生理生化指标以及观察藻细胞超微结构变化，研究黑藻对铜绿微囊藻的抑制作用及其机制．结果表明，黑藻对铜绿微囊藻的生长有明显的抑制作用，表现为藻细胞生长量显著降低，细胞超微结构进行性损伤直至细胞解体，藻体叶绿素a含量和光合速率急剧下降，呼吸速率、超氧物歧化酶(SOD)活性均呈现先升高后下降的趋势，膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)的积累量与膜的损伤程度相一致．在黑藻养殖水中初步分离得到黑藻分泌的抑藻物质． 相似文献
5.
文中使用统计方法对44个不同气候条件下形成的古土壤中胡敏酸、胡敏素的14C测年结果进行分析,探讨不同组分14C年龄的可靠性。对比和统计分析结果表明,从总体上胡敏素可能是古土壤中最古老的惰性组分,其14C年龄可代表古土壤形成(平均)年龄;形成于晚更新世的地质样品胡敏酸与胡敏素的14C年龄差异并不明显,但全新世尤其晚全新世的沉积物中胡敏酸与胡敏素的14C年龄差异比较显著,可能因埋藏较浅而受到更多的污染影响;对全新世(尤其晚全新世)古土壤样品开展不同组分14C测年是保证地质事件年龄准确可靠的有效手段 相似文献
6.
化学需氧量(COD)、五日生化需氧量(BOD_5)及溶解性有机碳(DOC)是指示湖泊水质的重要指标,然而上述指标测定通常耗费大量时间、试剂及人力物力且排放大量有害废液.有色可溶性有机物(CDOM)是溶解性有机物(DOM)中可以强烈吸收光谱中的紫外光和可见光的部分,数据测定耗时短、方便快捷,且样品处理过程环境友好,能在很大程度上反映湖泊水质.本研究基于2016年2、5和8月在太湖均匀布设的32个采样点进行样品采集,运用光谱吸收与三维荧光-平行因子分析(EEMs-PARAFAC)探究太湖CDOM的光谱吸收和荧光组分,探讨CDOM光谱指标对湖泊BOD_5、COD及DOC浓度等湖泊环境质量指标的可替代性.结果表明:(1)运用EEMs-PARAFAC方法解析出3种荧光组分:类腐殖酸C1、类酪氨酸C2和类色氨酸C3.(2) COD和BOD_5和DOC在空间上呈现出相似的分布趋势,不同水期的最高值均出现在竺山湾和梅梁湾,由西北湖区至中部敞水区、东南湖湾递减.(3)在不同水期,COD、BOD_5、DOC浓度和C1组分均表现为丰水期极显著大于枯水期和平水期,a_(254)在丰、平、枯水期间无显著性差异,最大值出现在丰水期;C2与C3组分均在枯水期和平水期极显著大于丰水期.(4)在不同水文时期,COD、BOD_5和DOC浓度均与a_(254)、类腐殖酸C1呈显著正相关,丰水期太湖COD、BOD_5和DOC浓度与CDOM光谱指标的线性相关性要优于枯水期和平水期.(5) CDOM光谱指标在不同水文时期均能很好地替代COD、BOD_5和DOC等作为反映太湖水体中有机物污染程度及湖泊水质的指标. 相似文献
7.
铁(氢)氧化物介导的溶解性有机质(DOM)和无机磷(DIP)的固定在水生态系统中普遍存在,对碳、磷元素的生物地球化学循环有重要的影响. 铁(氢)氧化物主要通过吸附和共沉淀两种过程固定DOM和DIP,且铁(氢)氧化物、DOM和DIP三者存在复杂的相互作用. 本文主要从铁(氢)氧化物对DOM和DIP的固定,铁(氢)氧化物、DOM和DIP之间的相互影响等方面综述了相关研究进展,梳理了铁(氢)氧化物、DOM和DIP在吸附和共沉淀过程中的相互作用机制与影响因素. DOM的存在会通过占据铁(氢)氧化物表面吸附点位、络合、抑制铁水解沉淀等途径影响铁(氢)氧化物对DIP的固定; 且不同机制与DOM的不同性质如分子大小、芳香组分、羧基官能团含量等有关. 而DIP的存在会改变铁(氢)氧化物对DOM的固定分馏过程,改变溶液中DOM的组分和性质. 在明晰三者相互作用基础上,探讨了铁(氢)氧化物介导的DOM和DIP的固定过程对湖泊内源磷释放和碳埋藏的可能影响,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望. 相似文献
8.
9.
为探究引黄水源水库——门楼水库平水期和丰水期有色可溶性有机物(CDOM)的组成特征、来源及差异,运用紫外—可见光谱技术(UV-vis)和三维荧光光谱(EEMs)技术,结合平行因子分析法(PARAFAC)分析2022年5月(平水期)和2022年7月(丰水期)有色可溶性有机物含量及组分变化。研究结果表明:PARAFAC识别出2类荧光组分,分别是C1(Ex=355 nm,Em=476 nm,类腐殖质组分)和组分C2(Ex=225 nm,Em=320 nm,类蛋白组分);丰水期CDOM组分荧光强度显著高于平水期。CDOM光谱参数表明,门楼水库水体处于中营养状态,水体CDOM受新生内源和外源输入共同影响,以自生源为主;水库CDOM具有相对分子量小、腐殖化程度较弱的特点。丰水期水库富营养化水平和CDOM相对浓度低于平水期;丰水期CDOM疏水性组分比例和芳香化程度高于平水期。水质理化指标、CDOM组分和光谱参数相关性分析结果表明SUVA260和SUVA280与DOC呈显著负相关,说明紫外—可见光谱参数在一定程度上可以用来估算DOC的浓度;Chl.a浓度作为... 相似文献
10.
北京市大气挥发性有机物的关键活性组分及其来源 总被引：27，自引：0，他引：27
大气中挥发性有机物(VOCs)是城市大气化学过程中的关键前体物. 北京市大气中挥发性有机物(VOCs)总体上化学活性非常强. 以大气中VOCs与OH自由基的反应速率为基础, 比较分析北京市各类VOCs组分的化学活性. 结果显示, 在大气VOCs的混合比中大约仅占15%的烯烃化合物提供了大约75%的大气化学活性, 其中尤以C4和C5的烯烃组分最为重要. 大气VOCs各类排放源的成分谱研究表明, 北京市大气中的烯烃主要来源于机动车尾气的排放和汽油挥发. 对这两类源中的烯烃组分进行削减, 将是控制北京市大气光化学烟雾污染的有效措施. 相似文献
11.
研究了从芦苇(Phragmitis communis Trin)中分离得到的化感组分对羊角月牙藻(Selenastrum caprtcornutum)和雷氏衣藻(Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)生长特性的影响.在藻类生长的对数期向培养液中投加不同浓度的化感组分,分别测定并观察了培养期间受试藻种藻密度和藻细胞形态的变化情况.结果表明,该化感组分对羊角月牙藻藻密度的增长具有明显的抑制作用,半效应浓度(EC50.7d)值为0.60mg/L,同时使羊角月牙藻细胞内部结构改变,形态变大.投加6mg/L化感组分后,藻细胞平均宽度是对照组的1.5倍.该化感组分对雷氏衣藻藻密度的增长没有明显的抑制作用,但使其运动性能降低. 相似文献
12.
J. M. Everaarts 《Marine pollution bulletin》1995,31(4-12):431-438
DNA strand breaks in seastars and dab were measured by the time-dependent partial alkaline unwinding of DNA followed by the determination of the double-stranded to total DNA ratio (F-value). Highest DNA integrity (0.75 < F < 0.85) was found in seastars from offshore reference sites, whereas lowest integrity (0.35 < F < 0.55) was identified in specimens from the coastal zone and certain expected uncontaminated offshore areas. A significant correlation existed between the fraction of double-stranded DNA and the concentration of low chlorinated biphenyl congeners and with H atoms substituted in the meta and para position of the biphenyl skeleton. Over 90% of double-stranded DNA was measured in dab obtained from pristine areas, with an average F-value in specimens from most sampling stations varying from 0.75 to 0.85, during August/September 1991. Samples taken in May/June 1992 showed significantly lower DNA integrity (0.55 < F < 0.70 in most stations). A significant decrease of the integrity was established with increase in concentration of the congeners (tri to hepta chloro substituted and with or without a H atom substituted in the meta and para position). 相似文献
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为探讨粉煤灰污染影响萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)种复合体在灰湖、汀棠湖和凤鸣湖分布的生态学机制,本文研究了曝气自来水(对照)、20％、40％、60％、80％和100％的澄清灰湖水对采自三湖泊中的轮虫姐妹种Ⅰ和汀棠湖中的轮虫姐妹种Ⅱ的种群增长率、混交雌体数/非混交雌体数、携卵雌体数/不携卵雌体数和休眠卵产量的影响.结果显示,无论实验用水中的澄清灰湖水含量如何,来自三湖泊的轮虫姐妹种Ⅰ均具有较高的种群增长率(0.52～0.85 d-1)和休眠卵产量(1.60～12.11ind./(4d·5ml)),这为轮虫的扩散、种群的建立和种群间的基因交流提供了可能.汀棠湖轮虫姐妹种Ⅱ种群中的混交雌体数/非混交雌体数和休眠卵产量均极低,对照组中的混交雌体数/非混交雌体数和休眠卵产量均为0,这是存在于汀棠湖和凤鸣湖中的轮虫姐妹种Ⅱ无法通过扩散而出现在灰湖中的主要原因.澄清灰湖水的含量仅对汀棠湖中两轮虫姐妹种的种群增长率具有显著的影响.各浓度的澄清灰湖水使轮虫姐妹种Ⅰ的种群增长率显著高于对照组,60％、80％和100％的澄清灰湖水使轮虫姐妹种Ⅱ的种群增长率显著高于对照组,这表明粉煤灰污染导致已报道的相关水体中轮虫种群密度的下降并非由于其中所含的污染物(较高浓度的碱性氧化物、硫化物和金属元素等)和水体pH值的改变等对轮虫的直接毒性作用. 相似文献
16.
中华鲟与背角无齿蚌和鲢鳙混养的池水透明度(SD)对比试验表明,1#池(对照)、2#池(挂养背角无齿蚌)、3#池(混养鲢鳙)透明度平均值分别为11.92、16.45、17.45 cm,分别较试验本底值依次提高26.69%、56.67%、66.19%.2#、3#池的透明度显著大于1#池,最高可达1倍.3个池透明度与各水质指标关系的Panel Data模型分别为:SD1=-0.0072 TSS+0.8353 NH 4+-N-2.1711 TN+0.6195 TP-0.0405 COD+16.7815,SD2=0.0030 TSS+3.8864 NH 4+-N+0.1893 TN-12.4585 TP***-0.0104 COD+24.5306,SD3=0.0381 TSS*+3.7821 NH 4+-N+0.6003 TN-15.0444TP***-0.4078 COD**+34.2992(*、**、***分别表示显著、较显著、极显著相关).TP是影响中华鲟养殖池透明度的主要指标,NH 4+-N、TN、COD是影响透明度的间接指标,而TSS是影响透明度的直接指标.在悬浮物浓度较高、水体浑浊的中华鲟养殖池水体中,鲢鳙的放养对透明度的提高效果显著优于背角无齿蚌. 相似文献
17.
Nikolaus Gussone Gerald Langer Markus Geisen Blair A. Steel Ulf Riebesell 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2007,260(3-4):505-515
Four species of marine calcifying algae, the coccolithophores Calcidiscus leptoporus, Helicosphaera carteri, Syracosphaera pulchra and Umbilicosphaera foliosa were grown in laboratory cultures under temperatures varying between 14 and 23 °C, and one species, C. leptoporus, under varying [CO32−], ranging from 105 to 219 μmol/kg. Calcium isotope compositions of the coccoliths resemble in both absolute fractionation and temperature sensitivity previous calibrations of marine calcifying species e.g. Emiliania huxleyi (coccolithophores) and Orbulina universa (planktonic foraminifera) as well as inorganically precipitated CaCO3, but also reveal small species specific differences. In contrast to inorganically precipitated calcite, but similar to E. huxleyi and O. universa, the carbonate ion concentration of the medium has no statistically significant influence on the Ca isotope fractionation of C. leptoporus coccoliths; however, combined data of E. huxleyi and C. leptoporus indicate that the observed trends might be related to changes of the calcite saturation state of the medium. Since coccoliths constitute a significant portion of the global oceanic CaCO3 export production, the Ca isotope fractionation in these biogenic structures is important for defining the isotopic composition of the Ca sink of the ocean, one of the key parameters for modelling changes to the marine Ca budget over time. For the present ocean our results are in general agreement with the previously postulated and applied mean value of the oceanic Ca sink (Δsed) of about − 1.3‰, but the observed inter- and intra-species differences point to possible changes in Δsed through earth history, due to changing physico-chemical conditions of the ocean and shifts in floral and faunal assemblages. 相似文献
18.
Data from 753 earthquakes are used to determine a relationship between surface-wave magnitude (M
s) and bodywave magnitude (m
b), and from 541 earthquakes to determine a relationship between surface-wave magnitude (M
s) and local magnitude (M
L) for China and vicinity: M
s=0.9883 m
b-0.0420, M
s=0.9919 M
L-0.1773. The relationship of M
s
versus m
b is obtained for 292 events occurred in the Chinese mainland in the time period from 1964 to 1996, 291 events occurred in
Taiwan in the time period from 1964 to 1995 and 170 events occurred in the surrounding area. Standard deviation of the fitting
is 0.445. Relationship of M
s
versus M
L is obtained for 36 events occurred in the Chinese mainland, 293 events occurred in Taiwan, China and 212 events occurred
in the surrounding area. The total amount is 541 events. Standard deviation of the fitting is 0.4673.
The uncertainties of the converted M
s in different magnitude intervals can be estimated using complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF). In the relationship
of M
s
versus m
b, taking ±0.25 as a range of uncertainties, in magnitude interval m
b 4.0–4.9, the probabilities for the converted M
s taken value less than (M
s-0.25) and more than (M
s+0.25) are 17% and 27% respectively. Similarly, we have probabilities for m
b 5.0–5.9 are 34% and 20% and that for m
b 6.0–6.9 are 11% and 47%.
In the relationship of M
s
versus M
L, if the range of uncertainties is still taken as ±0.25, the corresponding probabilities for magnitude interval M
L 4.0–4.9 are 22% and 38%, for M
L 5.0–5.9 are 20% and 15% and for magnitude interval M
L 6.0–6.9, are 15% and 29%, respectively.
The relationships developed in this paper can be used for the conversion of one magnitude scale into another magnitude scales
conveniently. The estimation of uncertainties described in this paper is more accurate and more objective than the usual estimation
expressed by deviation. The estimations described in this paper indicate various dispersions in different magnitude intervals
of original data. The estimations of uncertainties described by probabilities can be well connected with the total estimations
of uncertainties in seismic hazard assessment. 相似文献
19.
Events from the December 1982 Huairou County, Beijing, and the July 1982 Jianchuan, Yunnan earthquake series were recorded
at one station in Beijing City and at four stations in Eryuan area, Yunnan, respectively. Dividing the spectra (for P and
S waves) from the smaller events in the series by spectra (for corresponding P and S waves) from the larger events in cach
region, we have determined the high frequency source spectral decay rate to be ω−1in both cases. Through trial and error method, we are able to determine the appropriate constantQ
P andQ
S that corrects the individual spectra to the proper high frequency decay rate. It is found that aQ
P of 800 and aQ
S of 550 can adequately compensate for the attenuation of the waves in Beijing area. For Jianchuan, Yunnan area the corresponding
values are 900 and 400.
This subject is supported by Chinese Joint Seismological Science Foundation. 相似文献