共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 968 毫秒
1.
EdwardM.Osei Jr. 《东北亚地学研究》2004,7(1):97-104
The greatest advantage of remote sensing over conventional measurements lies in the opportunity to carry out detailed spatio-temporal analysis of land and ocean features on a very frequent basis. This paper analyses the contribution of satellite imagery to atmospheric, geophysical and ocean studies and management in West Africa since the early 1980s.The detailed application of data from optical sensors (e.g. Meteosat,NOAA/AVHRR, SPOT, Landsat TM, etc.)for weather prediction,hydrogeological, landuse/cover and cartographic studies has been acknowledged. However, the use of microwave (e.g. SAR) and optical data for ocean monitoring and studies in the sub-region is still very limited. Even though sufficient remote sensing expertise and infrastructure is perceived in the region, no clearly defined networking or database exists. 相似文献
2.
Edward M.Osei Jr 《世界地质(英文版)》2004,7(1)
The greatest advantage of remote sensing over conventional measurements lies in the opportunity to carry out detailed spatio-temporal analysis of land and ocean features on a very frequent basis. This paper analyses the contribution of satellite imagery to atmospheric, geophysical and ocean studies and management in West Africa since the early 1980s.The detailed application of data from optical sensors (e.g. Meteosat,NOAA/AVHRR, SPOT,L andsat TM, etc.) for weather prediction, hydrogeological, landuse/cover and cartographic studies has been acknowledged. However, the use of microwave (e.g. SAR) and optical data for ocean monitoring and studies in the sub-region is still very limited. Even though sufficient remote sensing expertise and infrastructure is perceived in the region, no clearly defined networking or database exists. 相似文献
3.
Ocean internal waves appear as irregular bright and dark stripes on synthetic aperture radar(SAR) remote sensing images. Ocean internal waves detection in SAR images consequently constituted a difficult and popular research topic. In this paper, ocean internal waves are detected in SAR images by employing the faster regions with convolutional neural network features(Faster R-CNN) framework; for this purpose, 888 internal wave samples are utilized to train the convolutional network and identify internal waves. The experimental results demonstrate a 94.78% recognition rate for internal waves, and the average detection speed is 0.22 s/image. In addition, the detection results of internal wave samples under dif ferent conditions are analyzed. This paper lays a foundation for detecting ocean internal waves using convolutional neural networks. 相似文献
4.
多元指标的海上溢油信息提取 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海上溢油给海洋生态环境带来了巨大的影响,甚至需要几十年才能恢复。运用卫星遥感进行海上溢油监测已成为目前溢油监测的主要手段。本文对海上溢油遥感监测方法进行了分析,鉴此,提出了一种SAR数据的多元指标溢油信息提取方法。首先,对图像进行分割,然后,建立溢油形状参数、纹理特征指数、物理特性指数等主要指标,并以层次分析法得出每一类指标的权重。针对每一类指标,以经现场验证的溢油图像为基础,选择形状参数,如周长与面积比值、复杂度等,建立溢油形状判读等级;选择纹理特征参数,以灰度共生矩阵的相关性、熵、变化等来表达溢油的纹理特性,建立溢油纹理特征判断等级;选择溢油物理特征,如溢油与海水的标准差、均方根差、对比度等,建立溢油物理参数判断等级。在此基础上,建立海上溢油遥感信息提取指数,计算分割图斑的溢油遥感信息提取指数,以此判断溢油遥感信息提取的置信度,为溢油识别提供依据。 相似文献
5.
以南水北调中线工程核心水源区为例,利用中、高分辨率光学影像、雷达影像和数字高程模型等多源遥感数据,开展断裂构造提取方法研究。综合利用多源遥感数据的对地穿透能力、光谱信息和空间几何信息,进行图像增强、融合处理和三维地形分析,突出目标区断裂构造的影像标志。通过多源遥感解译,结合现场调查验证,初步查明目标区内3条主要断裂的几何展布信息,为该区的活断层探测和地震危险性评价提供参考。 相似文献
6.
1 INTRODUCTION Increasing eutrophication of lakes in recent years as a result of human impact has become a se- rious environmental problem in China. Many lakes in the Jianghan Plain, South China, for example, especially near major cities, have been eutrop… 相似文献
7.
植被分类是森林资源调查与动态监测的基础与前提。当前植被分类研究大都利用光学遥感影像,然而,光学遥感成像易受到云雨覆盖的影响,难以构建完整时间序列,植被分类精度有限。微波遥感具有全天时全天候、时间序列完整的优势,在植被调查与分析中具有巨大的应用潜力。本文利用2018年Sentinel-1A微波遥感时间序列数据和深度循环网络方法,对秦岭太白山区的森林植被进行分类制图。首先利用Sentinel-2光学影像与数字高程数据对研究区进行多尺度分割;然后将处理后的时间序列Sentinel-1A数据空间叠加到分割地块上,构建地块的多元时间序列曲线;最后利用深度循环网络提取与学习多元时间序列的时序特征并分类。实验结果表明：① 与传统机器学习方法（如RF、SVM）相比,本文提出的深度循环网络方法的分类精度提高10%以上;② 在Sentinel-1A微波极化特征组合中VV+VH表现最好,与VV+VH+VV/VH极化特征组合的精度相近;③ 使用全年的时间影像构建时间序列分类精度最高,达到82%。研究表明,利用深度循环网络与时间序列Sentinel-1A数据的方法能够有效提高植被分类的精度,从数据源与分类方法上为森林植被分类研究提供了新的思路。 相似文献
8.
The maritime administrative department employs synthetic aperture radar(SAR)satellite remote sensing technology to obtain evidence of illegal discharge of ships.If the ship is discharged during navigation,it forms a long dark wake on the SAR image due to the suppression of the Bragg wave by the oil film.This study investigates key techniques for rapid detection of long ship wakes,thereby providing law enforcement agencies with candidate ships for possible discharge.This paper presents a rapid long ship wake detection method that uses satellite imaging parameters and the axial direction of the ship in images to determine the potential detection area of the wake.Then,the threshold of long ship wake detection is determined using statistical analysis,the area is binarized,and isolated points are removed using a morphological filter operator.The method was tested with ENVISAT Synthetic Aperture Radar and GF-3 SAR data,and results showed that the method was effective,and the overall accuracy of the decision reaches 71%.We present two innovations;one is a method that draws a Doppler shift curve,and uses the SAR imaging parameters to determine the detection area of the long wake to achieve rapid detection and reduce the image detection area.The other is where a classical linear fitting method is used to quickly and accurately determine whether the detected dark area is a long ship wake and realizes the twisted long ship wake detection caused by the sea surface flow field,which is otherwise difficult to detect by the traditional Radon and Hough transform methods.This method has good suppression performance for the dark spot false alarm formed by low speed wind region or upward flow.The method is developed for maritime ship monitoring system and will promote the operational application of maritime ship monitoring system. 相似文献
9.
Depth inversion in coastal water based on SAR image of waves 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Wave-number spectrum technique is proposed to retrieve coastal water depths by means of Synthetic Aperture Radar （SAR） image of waves. Based on the general dispersion relation of ocean waves the wavelength changes of a surface wave over varying water depths can be derived from SAR. Approaching the analysis of SAR images of waves and using the general dispersion relation of ocean waves, this indirect technique of remote sensing bathymetry has been applied to a coastal region of Xiapu in Fujian Province, China. Results show that this technique is suitable for the coastal waters especially for the near-shore regions with variable water depths. 相似文献
10.
太湖蓝藻水华遥感动态监测预警信息系统 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
太湖蓝藻水华暴发对其周边地区的生态、经济和社会造成了严重影响,对蓝藻水华进行监测预警对于改善太湖水环境具有重要意义。本文在分析蓝藻水华遥感监测预警研究动态基础上,从信息系统构建角度,结合太湖蓝藻水华监测情况,对太湖蓝藻水华遥感监测预警流程进行系统性分析,提出建立太湖蓝藻水华遥感监测预警系统的总体框架,利用C#语言和IDL语言实现了该框架的软件架构,并且论述了实现该系统框架所采用的系统集成技术和软件模式技术。 相似文献
11.
由于光学遥感图像和SAR图像具有明显的非线性强度差异,且SAR图像存在斑点噪声,使得其配准存在较大难度。为此,本文结合基于特征和基于区域图像配准方法的优点,并组合为混合模型,提出一种由粗到精的自动配准算法。以光学遥感图像和SAR图像分别为参考图像和待配准图像,先以基于特征点的SAR-SIFT完成粗配准,再以基于区域的ROEWA-HOG完成精配准。① 采用SAR-SIFT算法进行特征点检测和特征匹配来计算图像的仿射变换模型,以消除参考图像和待配准图像之间明显的旋转、尺度和平移差异,至此完成图像粗配准;② 在此基础上利用分块Harris角点检测在参考图像上获得特征点,并根据特征点确定待配准图像上的同名点搜索区域;③ 计算图像的ROEWA梯度,构造以特征点为中心的模板区域内的HOG特征向量,以SSD作为相似性测度搜索待配准图像上的同名点,完成高精度的图像配准;④ 进行图像配准实验,对配准结果进行目视检查和精度评估。经过多组光学与SAR图像配准实验,验证本文算法能够结合基于特征和基于区域的图像配准方法的优点,较好地抵抗光学与SAR图像之间的非线性强度、旋转、尺度、平移差异和SAR图像的噪声影响,并逐步提高配准精度,最终配准精度达到1个像素左右,实现了光学与SAR图像的高精度自动配准,能够满足光学与SAR图像后续综合应用。 相似文献
12.
黑龙江（又称为阿穆尔河）是中国和俄罗斯之间的国际界河,近年来洪水事件频发,给流域内中俄两国带来巨大的人口伤亡和经济损失,加强该流域的洪水监测是两国面临的共同紧迫需求。传统的光学遥感影像受制于洪水期间多云多雨的天气状况,难以及时获得无云影像。本文充分利用全天候雷达数据的优势,提出了一种基于哨兵1号（Sentinel-1）合成孔径雷达数据监测大面积区域洪水的方法。通过Gamma分布和高斯分布拟合SAR影像后向散射系数的概率密度分布,迭代后验概率差值,自动获得全局阈值来分割初始的水体,基于辅助数据细化去除了初始水体中与水体相似的误分类型,并由形态学操作后处理提高了提取的洪水的均匀性。结果表明：① 与传统的分割算法相比,本文提出的方法基于SAR影像后向散射系数的分布规律进行概率密度函数分段拟合,将全局统计划分为局部关系,显著地改善了常规分割算法在水体和非水体像素量级相差过大而表现不佳的情况;② 研究获得了2017—2020年逐年的洪水分布,结果总体精度在87.78%~94.89%之间,Kappa系数在0.76~0.89之间;③ 特别是对于大面积半干旱地区,本文结合了后向散射特性、地形和其他辅助信息的关系,使得能够有效地保留水体并去除与水体后向散射系数相似的地物;④ 结果显示黑龙江（阿穆尔河）中下游沿岸城市哈巴罗夫斯克、阿穆尔斯克等地区为经常性泛洪区域,洪水面积整体呈增加趋势。研究表明,基于雷达数据对洪水空间范围进行时间序列监测,可以为中俄黑龙江流域洪水发展动态监测提供科学支撑。 相似文献
13.
多源遥感影像数据融合方法在地学中的应用 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
应用遥感影像数据融合理论，研究了光学遥感、热红外遥感、微波遥感卫星在地质学中的应用，论述了不同类型的遥感数据及其他地学数据在不同层次上的同一传感器多波段数据融合、不同SAR图像数据融合、HIS变换、遥感影像与地球物理、地质和航磁等数据的融合。结果表明，数据融合技术在突出地质特征信息方面具有能突出线性构造、断裂构造、地形地貌的优势。 相似文献
14.
面向对象的方法提取湖泊,常常面临边界识别不精确的问题。本研究在面向对象方法的基础上,利用分水岭算法,解决湖泊边界识别问题。该方法初步将遥感影像划分为确定湖泊区域、潜在湖泊区域和背景;然后通过分水岭算法对潜在湖泊区域进行二次提取。研究选择昆仑-喀喇和喜马拉雅山脉区域的3个山地湖泊发育良好的区域作为实验区,利用Landsat系列影像验证该算法。实验结果表明该算法的用户精度、生产者精度和总体精度分别高达99.59%、98.47%和96.53%。相比于单一的面向对象方法,本文方法更适合于山地湖泊提取,能够更加准确地描绘湖泊的实际边界,也能够减弱面向对象方法中分割尺度和分类阈值对提取结果的影响。 相似文献
15.
海面溢油对生态环境造成了严重危害,故及早发现和尽快处理对降低事故影响和经济损失起着至关重要的作用。合成孔径雷达(SAR)是观测海面溢油、快速检测和事故态势分析判断的有效技术途径。本文针对SAR图像的海面溢油检测,提出了一种特征概率函数的双阈值分割方法。首先,通过高低阈值分割提取不同层次的灰度信息,再利用密度估计提取灰度的空间分布信息,然后,通过构建概率函数对油膜和类油膜区域进行形态学分类,最后,结合辅助信息,获得最终的海面溢油检测结果。本文利用香港中文大学卫星地面站接收的ENVISAT ASAR图像开展实验,结果表明,本文提出的方法能够准确地排除由风场或者水流场导致的低散射区域,有效地检测和识别生成不久的中型油膜,从而有助于溢油事故的早期预警与处置。 相似文献
16.
Although biomass variations in Microcystis and microcystin have been widely reported,few studies have addressed whether different trophic states of natural lake water affect the spatial-temporal variations in abundances of microcystin-producing Microcystis in a given bloom.In this study,we used a harmful algal bloom in Chaohu Lake,eastern China,as an example to investigate the mutual relationship between different nutrient states and environmental factors,and the impact on Microcystis.Overall,cyanobacteria and Microcystis were more abundant in the middle and western parts of the lake under high nutrients levels,while in the eastern part,nutrient concentrations were low enough to limit biomass,and their fluctuations affected the contents of toxic Microcystis.Moreover,microcystin concentration was correlated positively to nutrient levels and Microcystis biomass during bloom developing in 2013 from June to August.Temporally,the cellular content of total microcystin was lowest when the bloom peaked in intensity.Our results suggest that lake eutrophication not only results in cyanobacterial blooms,but may also increase the proportion of toxic Microcystis species and their cell-bound MCs contents(i.e.microcystin cell quotas) under mild eutrophication.The present investigation provided molecular evidence for the selection of MC-producing and non-MC-producing genotypes.The current study provides new evidence advocating the monitoring of partitions of large lakes when studying cyanobacteria and toxin-contaminated freshwaters,which will be beneficial for both water agencies and water researchers. 相似文献
17.
海面溢油对海洋生态的影响具有频率高、范围广和危害大的特点。卫星遥感已成为海面溢油监测的重要手段。本文从海面油膜光谱特性出发,与常用的光学卫星传感器建立对应关系,根据对不同光学遥感卫星的空间分辨率、时间分辨率、幅宽和波段数等主要物理参数的对比分析认为,MODIS传感器和HJ-1卫星有较强的海面溢油监测能力。故此,采用MODIS、BJ-1、HJ-1和FY-3光学卫星影像,对2006年3月和2011年6月渤海海面溢油污染事故进行了遥感监测。MODIS遥感图像可以清晰反映出2006年和2011年这2次溢油污染事故中海面油膜信息,HJ-1卫星遥感影像则能反映出2011年溢油污染事故中海面油膜信息,而BJ-1和FY-3卫星遥感影像不能反映出海面油膜信息。HJ-1、BJ-1和FY-3卫星在波段设置上相似,但是,BJ-1和FY-3卫星不能反映出油膜信息,所以,本文进一步对这2次溢油事件中的MODIS遥感影像的油水光谱反差和海水光谱方差进行计算,并对结果进行比较分析,实验结果表明,当MODIS某一波段的海水光谱方差小于油水光谱反差时,则该波段可以显示出油膜信息;而当油水光谱反差小于或接近海水方差时,则不能反映出海面油膜信息。从波谱响应、空间分辨率和时间分辨率,以及监测实例中说明MODIS传感器有较强的海面溢油监测能力。 相似文献
18.
绿洲生态环境动态调控模型及系统概念设计应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
绿洲是荒漠中的特殊景观 ,在干旱、半干旱地理系统中有着重要的生态意义 ,是该系统中物质、能量和信息交流的主要界面。绿洲的生态环境脆弱 ,随着人类活动的加剧 ,绿洲生态系统的稳定性 ,将面临更加严峻的考验。利用先进的空间信息技术 (包括遥感和 GIS) ,可以建立绿洲生态环境动态调控系统 ,使之服务于绿洲的稳定、可持续发展。本文依据水资源的供需平衡原理和水资源利用与生态环境之间的耦合关系对基于遥感 (RS)和 GIS的绿洲生态环境动态调控的模型进行了概念设计,并在此基础上讨论了绿洲生态环境动态调控系统的设计。 相似文献
19.
Remote sensing of ecosystem services: An opportunity for spatially explicit assessment 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1
Ecosystem service is an emerging concept that grows to be a hot research area in ecology. Spatially explicit ecosystem service
values are important for ecosystem service management. However, it is difficult to quantify ecosystem services. Remote sensing
provides images covering Earth surface, which by nature are spatially explicit. Thus, remote sensing can be useful for quantitative
assessment of ecosystem services. This paper reviews spatially explicit ecosystem service studies conducted in ecology and
remote sensing in order to find out how remote sensing can be used for ecosystem service assessment. Several important areas
considered include land cover, biodiversity, and carbon, water and soil related ecosystem services. We found that remote sensing
can be used for ecosystem service assessment in three different ways: direct monitoring, indirect monitoring, and combined
use with ecosystem models. Some plant and water related ecosystem services can be directly monitored by remote sensing. Most
commonly, remote sensing can provide surrogate information on plant and soil characteristics in an ecosystem. For ecosystem
process related ecosystem services, remote sensing can help measure spatially explicit parameters. We conclude that acquiring
good in-situ measurements and selecting appropriate remote sensor data in terms of resolution are critical for accurate assessment
of ecosystem services. 相似文献
20.
利用遥感成像技术获取地面水体信息对水资源调查、自然灾害评估、流域规划和生态环境监测等具有重要意义,其中SAR成像作为大范围地面监测的可靠数据源,拥有全天时、全天候、广覆盖等光学遥感系统所不具有的优点,在水体提取中得到了广泛的应用。但由于受SAR图像相干斑噪声的影响,现有水体提取方法难以迅速、精确提取SAR图像中复杂精细的自然水体结构。为此,提出一种结合改进的降斑各向异性扩散和最大类间方差的SAR图像水体提取方法。首先,利用降斑各向异性扩散滤波SAR图像,在迭代滤波过程中通过计算图像间平均结构相似度自适应控制迭代过程,使其同时保持精细边缘和纹理结构;然后,以类间方差最大为准则,自适应确定阈值,实现滤波结果图像二值化分割。在二值化分割结果中,搜索具有相同像元值且位置相邻的前景像元点组成的连通区域,使每个单独的连通区域形成一个被标识的块,通过获取这些块的几何参数来消除图像的误分割,精确划定真实的水体区域,以实现SAR图像水体提取。为了验证提出方法的准确性,将本文方法提取的水体边界与人工绘制的水体边界叠加,结果表明二者可较好吻合。同时,从视觉、提取精度和运行时间对本文方法与目前常用3种SAR图像水体提取算法的结果进行比较分析,其中本文方法的运行时间满足实时应用的要求,提取结果的边界在2个像元评级区重叠度均达到80%,明显优于其他方法且本文方法提取结果在边界及细节信息等视觉方面也更加显著。对结果的定性及定量评价表明本文方法的优越性。 相似文献