共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
2.
Arsenic contamination of ground and pond water and water purification system using pond water in Bangladesh 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
H. Yokota K. Tanabe M. Sezaki Y. Akiyoshi T. Miyata K. Kawahara S. Tsushima H. Hironaka H. Takafuji M. Rahman Sk. A. Ahmad M. H. S. U. Sayed M. H. Faruquee 《Engineering Geology》2001,60(1-4):323-331
This paper, firstly, shows the distribution of arsenic-contaminated groundwater in Samta village. This village, which is in Jessore district in Bangladesh, was chosen as a model village for investigating the mechanism of groundwater contamination. 90% of the tube wells in this village had arsenic concentrations above the Bangladesh standard of 0.05 mg/l. Tube wells with arsenic concentrations of over 0.50 mg/l were distributed in the southern part of the village with a belt-like shape from east to west. Secondly, groundwater distribution is discussed with respect to its flow and the high arsenic zone (As≥0.50 mg/l) agrees well with the drifting zone of the groundwater. Furthermore, arsenic-free water supply systems suitable for a small area in the village have been developed. A pond sand filter (PSF) system which purifies pond water is discussed in this paper. Prior to the construction of the PSF, the water quality in ponds was examined for arsenic levels. The inflow of drainage from the tube wells was found to be the major cause of arsenic contamination of pond water. The PSF installed in Samta is working very well and produces a good quality of treated water. 相似文献
3.
4.
大气水—地表水—土壤水—地下水相互转化关系的试验研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文重点研究了有作物条件下不同供水农田的“四水”相互转化,突出了有作物条件下降水入渗、潜水蒸发的差异性,土壤水在农业生态环境中的重要性,为水资源多目标开发,探索新路子。 相似文献
5.
6.
Groundwater is increasingly gaining significance as the main solution to the water supply problems in Ghana, especially in
the rural areas. This study was conducted to determine which factors play significant roles in the hydrochemistry of groundwater
from the southern Voltaian formation. Conventional graphical and multivariate statistical methods were used. The study reveals
three main factors controlling the hydrochemistry. Silicate mineral weathering and reverse cation exchange are the most important
processes affecting the hydrochemistry of groundwater at this part of the formation. Interpolation maps created from factor
scores suggest that these processes are the most pervasive, recording high scores almost everywhere in the study area. Carbonate
mineral weathering is the second most important process in the hydrochemistry. This study finds that carbonate mineral weathering
in the area is probably facilitated by carbonic acid rather than sulfuric acid. Chemicals from agricultural activities constitute
the third most important process influencing groundwater quality in the area. Eighty samples were used to calculate water
quality indices, WQI, which were in turn used to classify groundwater from the study area. Over 98% of the samples fall within
the “Excellent” and “Good” categories, suggesting that groundwater from the southern Voltaian formation is generally acceptable
for drinking purposes. 相似文献
7.
突水是地下工程常遇到的主要和危害严重的工程地质现象。工程实例分析表明，地下工程中大的涌水和突水大多与地质结构面，特别是断裂有关。文中分析了断裂控制地下水赋存和运移的规律，以及可能导致突水的富水优势断裂的特征。由于断裂突水的复杂性和众多的影响因素，将地质机制分析、经验判断和定量指标与评价模型相结合是重要的，也是可行的。文中介绍了一种富水优势断裂的量化分级方法，讨论了相应的预测与防治工程对策。 相似文献
8.
本文提出了关于土壤水产生的新假设——“内在水出渗补给说”,即认为土壤水不仅来源于当地大气降水和地表水的入渗,而且还可能来源于“内在水”的“出渗”;同时指出了土壤水在热动力驱动下,随季节温度变化的特征,并通过分析现有的实测资料,初步验证了提出假设的可信性。在结论与展望部分,论述了如果内在水出渗说成立将会具有的重大理论和实际意义,并提出深化研究的必要性和主要研究内容。 相似文献
9.
10.
通过对含煤地层薄层灰岩含水层长观孔、奥陶系灰岩含水层长观孔、斜风井采空区老空水的水位观测及突水水质的化验,认为告成煤矿13071工作面的突水水源主要为薄层灰岩水,斜风井老空水、奥陶系灰岩水有少量参与.其导水通道是工作面内底板存在的贯通裂隙带,通过采用以疏为主,其他为辅的治理方案,煤矿恢复了工作面的正常生产. 相似文献
11.
Available data on the stability of amphibolites and the basalt-eclogite transition allow an estimate of the stability field of eclogites in wet systems. It appears that if water and load pressures are comparable, eclogites cannot be stable in the crust; the formation of eclogites in the crust requires moderate total pressures and low water pressures. If the reactions forming eclogites occur in essentially dry rocks, their formation may reflect kinetic as well as equilibrium factors. 相似文献
12.
In a study of 291 mineral waters from 41 different countries, 9–20% exceeded the Dutch drinking water standards for chloride, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, sulphate, and fluorine. The mineral water quality cannot be qualified as bad because the standards for these compounds (with the exception of fluorine) are not based on health issues, but matters regarding undesirable taste and possible adverse effects on the water supply system. For the mineral water data set, the amount of dissolved compounds, hardness, and chloride content appear to be the most distinctive criteria. A mineral water type classification based on these criteria will offer consumers a tool for assessing mineral water on the basis of the chemical composition data on the bottle label. In terms of the criteria mentioned, average Dutch tap water strongly resembles the Belgian and Dutch mineral waters. This similarity does not extend to the price, since Dutch tap water is about 500 times cheaper. 相似文献
13.
本文主要在对永安井水位记录的水震波进行统计分析 ,在此基础上 ,择出有代表性震例的水震波进行分析探讨 ,并提出一些假设进行讨论 相似文献
14.
作物水分利用效率是评价农业用水效率的重要指标,由于气候差异,采用作物水分利用效率评价不同区域的用水效率可能存在一定误差,尚缺乏深入研究。基于潜在水分利用效率指标和气象数据,计算了2014年中国小麦、玉米和水稻在充分灌溉条件下的潜在水分利用效率,分析了区域气候差异对作物水分利用效率的影响,提出了相对水分利用效率和理论节水潜力的概念和计算方法,并进行了实例研究。结果表明:各类作物在不同站点的潜在水分利用效率的标准差为0.49~1.01 kg/m3,多数作物潜在水分利用效率的空间差异大于实际水分利用效率的空间差异;主要作物的平均相对水分利用效率为50.7%,其理论节水潜力为884.8~4 064.5 m3/hm2;作物水分利用效率和广义节水潜力指标可能高估或低估作物的用水效率和节水潜力。研究认为在比较区域间作物的水分利用效率时不能忽略气候差异的影响;由于考虑了区域气候差异,相对水分利用效率和理论节水潜力指标更合理。 相似文献
15.
K. Sekabira H. Oryem Origa Ph.D. T. A. Basamba Ph.D. G. Mutumba Ph.D. E. Kakudidi Ph.D. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2010,7(4):759-770
Water quality monitoring in developing countries is inadequate, especially in stream water affected by urban effluents and runoff. The purpose of this study was to investigate heavy metal contaminants in the Nakivubo Stream water in Kampala, Uganda. Water samples Nakivubo Channelized Stream, tributaries and industrial effluents that drain into the stream were collected and analysed for the total elemental concentration using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed that: 1) the wastewater was highly enriched with lead and manganese above the maximum permissible limit; 2) the levels of dissolved oxygen were below the maximum permissible limit, while the biological oxygen demand was above the maximum permissible limit. All industrial effluents/wastewater were classified as strong (> 220 mg/L). Factor analysis results reveal two sources of pollutants; 1) mixed origin or chemical phenomena of industrial and vehicular emissions and 2) multiple origin of lead (vehicular, commercial establishment and industrial). In conclusion, Nakivubo Channelized Stream water is not enriched with heavy metals. These heavy metals (lead, cadmium and zinc) were rapidly removed by co-precipitation with manganese and iron hydroxides and total dissolved solids into stream sediments. This phenomena is controlled by pH in water. 相似文献
16.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2021,12(3)
The hydrochemical composition of surface water and groundwater is a key parameter for understanding the evolution of water and its quality.In particular, little is known about the impact of transferred water on surface water and groundwater.In this study, Baiyangdian Lake was selected as a typical area for extensive groundwater exploration and surface water transfer in the North China Plain.Surface water and groundwater samples were sampled in dry/wet seasons and then analyzed before/after the water transfer, respectively.Generally, surface water and groundwater are extensively hydrologically connected based on hydrochemical evidence.It was found that the hydrochemical composition of the shallow groundwater is affected by the surface water and that the water quality of the deep groundwater is stable.However, inter-aquifer recharge processes from the shallow groundwater to the deep groundwater existed in the anthropogenic region impacted with high nitrate-ion concentrations.Also, the hydrochemical composition of the surface water and groundwater was dominated by rock-weathering and evaporation-precipitation processes.Due to the existence of the deep vadose zone in the alluvial fan, Na~+was exchanged into soil matrices during the leakage of the surface water.In addition, the transferred water resulted in surface water with good quality, and it also played as an important recharge source to groundwater.As the most important water resource for irrigation and drinking, deep groundwater should be paid more attention in the alluvial fan with frequent water transfer and extensive groundwater exploration. 相似文献
17.
18.
探讨了基于水基系统概念的区域水资源水环境保护治理思路,定义了具有持续性、随律性和变化性的定尺度水基系统演进的符点目标,从水资源承载力和水环境承载力的角度建立了区域水资源水环境取排水控制关系,用BP人工神经网络智能方法提出了对水量水质耦合过程以及水价调节作用进行学习、训练的架构,从而为推求区域水资源水环境保护治理的符点目标进行了步骤与方法的探索. 相似文献
19.
熵权法在水资源与水环境评价中的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着人口增长和经济社会的发展,水资源的供需矛盾日益增多,对水资源进行合理开发、高效利用、优化配置、全面节约、有效保护、综合治理是至关重要的新任务。熵权法是研究水资源可持续利用的重要方法,可以剔除指标体系中对评价结果贡献较小的指标,减少人为因素对于主观权重的影响,其计算结果真实准确,能够客观地反映水资源与水环境的现状,因此被广泛应用于水资源与水环境评价中,从而为水资源的高效利用及水环境的综合评价提供科学依据。本文对熵权法的由来及在水资源与水环境评价中的发展进程进行了探讨,重点对熵权法在水资源量、水资源承载力、水环境质量和水生态环境评价四个方面的应用进行了讨论和总结,并发现熵权法在水资源与水环境评价中有着良好的应用前景;同时,针对当前熵权法在水资源与水环境评价中存在的不足,提出了改进建议,为水资源与水环境评价的研究方向提供了新思路。除此之外,对熵权法的未来进行了展望：熵权法可与其他方法创新结合共同使用,构建合理全面的评价指标体系,在水资源利用发展趋势、时空格局演变等领域推广应用。 相似文献