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1.
This study explores the potential for directly assimilating polarimetric radar data (including reflectivity Z and differential reflectivity ZDR) using an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) based on the Weather Research and Forecasting
(WRF) model to improve analysis and forecast of Tropical Storm Ewiniar (2018). Ewiniar weakened but brought about heavy rainfall over Guangdong, China after its final landfall. Two experiments are performed, one assimilating only Z
and the other assimilating both Z and ZDR. Assimilation of ZDR together with Z effectively modifies hydrometeor fields, and improves the intensity, shape and position of rainbands. Forecast of 24-hour extraordinary rainfall ≥250 mm is
significantly improved. Improvement can also be seen in the wind fields because of cross-variable covariance. The current study shows the possibility of applying polarimetric radar data to improve forecasting of tropical cyclones, which
deserves more researches in the future. 相似文献
2.
The objective of this research was to acquire a raindrop size distribution (DSDs) retrieved from C-band polarimetric radar observations scheme for the first time in south China.An observation period of the precipitation process was selected,and the shape-slope (μ-Λ) relationship of this region was statistically analyzed using the raindrop sample observations from the two-dimensional video disdrometer (2DVD) at Xinfeng Station,Guangdong Province.Simulated data of the C-band polarimetric radar reflectivity Z_(HH)and differential reflectivity Z_(DR)were obtained through scattering simulation.The simulation data were combined with DSD fitting to determine the Z_(DR)-Λand log_(10)(Z_(HH)/N_0)-Λrelationships.Using Xinfeng C-band polarimetric radar observations Z_(DR)and Z_(HH),the raindrop Gamma size distribution parametersμ,Λ,and N_0were retrieved.A scheme for using C-band polarimetric radar to retrieve the DSDs was developed.This research revealed that during precipitation process,the DSDs obtained using the C-band polarimetric radar retrieval scheme are similar to the 2DVD observations,the precipitation characteristics of rainfall intensity (R),mass-weighted mean diameter (D_m) and intercept parameter (N_w) with time obtained by radar retrieval are basically consistent with the observational results of the 2DVD.This scheme establishes the relationship between the observations of the C-band polarimetric radar and the physical quantities of the numerical model.This method not only can test the prediction of the model data assimilation system on the convective scale and determine error sources,but also can improve the microphysical precipitation processes analysis and radar quantitative precipitation estimation.The present research will facilitate radar data assimilation in the future. 相似文献
3.
R. Bechini E. Gorgucci G. Scarchilli S. Dietrich 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2002,79(3-4):275-284
Summary The error structure of radar measurements should be accurately known in order to provide reliable estimates for a number
of quantitative meteorological applications, from rainfall rate estimation to cloud microphysics. The aim of this paper is
to give a detailed characterization of Z
H
and Z
DR
measurements obtained by the weather radar of Fossalon di Grado (Gorizia, Italy). Vertical-looking observations are used
to determine the system bias on differential reflectivity and to estimate the measurement error on both Z
H
and Z
DR
in the rain medium. It is estimated that no bias is affecting Z
DR
and the accuracy of Z
H
and Z
DR
is 0.8 and 0.1 dB, respectively. A similar evaluation is done in the rain medium at larger ranges with the antenna pointing
at low elevation angles. The long time stability of the absolute reflectivity calibration is also established by radar-rain
gage inter-comparison over almost 200 hours of precipitation data collected during nearly two years.
Received June 21, 2001 Revised November 13, 2001 相似文献
4.
雨滴谱包含了降雨的丰富信息,不仅能反映雨滴群的微物理特性,也能反映降雨类型、降雨强度等宏观特性,并且在雷达气象领域也有重要的价值。论文对2015和2016年度南京地区32次降雨过程的雨滴谱资料进行了处理、并对多种雨滴参数进行了详细的统计和分析,拟合了层状云降雨、对流云降雨以及积层混合云降雨的雨滴谱Gamma分布参数。另外,还基于雨滴谱数据拟合了雷达反射率因子Z与降雨强度R的Z-R关系,计算了差分反射率ZDR、相位常数KDP以及衰减参数,并利用衰减参数进行了C波段雷达回波的衰减订正试验。结果表明:（1）层状云降雨的各微物理参数比较稳定,积雨云的变化剧烈;层云降雨和积层混合云降雨的中雨滴、积雨云降雨的大雨滴对雷达反射率因子的贡献最大。（2）积雨云降雨的滴谱最宽,层状云降雨的最窄。（3）利用依据雨滴谱数据拟合的三类降雨Z-R关系,可以一定程度地提高雷达估测降雨的精度。（4）利用基于雨滴谱数据拟合的衰减系数,有效地进行了C波段双偏振雷达回波强度的衰减订正,体现了统计参数和拟合参数准确性。 相似文献
5.
为研究梅雨期极端对流系统的微物理特征,利用2013—2014年江淮梅雨期间南京溧水S波段双偏振雷达探测资料和地面自动站小时降水资料,统计分析了两类极端对流降水系统的微物理特征及差异。这两类极端对流系统的定义基于地面降水强度和雷达回波顶高,分别为所有对流中降水强度最强的1%（R类:小时降水强度>46.2 mm/h）和对流发展高度最高的1%（H类:20 dBz回波顶高>14.5 km）。结果显示这两类极端对流系统仅有30%的样本重合,显示了二者之间的弱相关性。对于相同的反射率因子ZH,R类极端对流系统的近地面差分反射率因子ZDR通常较H类极端对流小约0.2 dB,表明R类极端对流具有较小的平均粒径。结合双偏振雷达反演的粒子大小和相态分布显示,虽然两类极端对流都表现出海洋性对流降水特征,但R类极端对流较H类极端对流的总体雨滴粒径更小而数浓度更高,导致R类极端对流系统的地面降水更强。与R类极端对流系统相比,H类极端对流系统的上升运动更强,将更多的水汽和过冷水输送到0℃层以上,有利于形成更大的冰相粒子（如霰粒子等）,并通过融化形成大雨滴。以上研究表明,梅雨期降水强度和对流发展深度并没有必然的联系,极端降水主要是中等高度的对流引起。 相似文献
6.
深圳S波段与X波段双偏振雷达在定量降水估计中的应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
双偏振多普勒天气雷达的一个重要应用是进行定量降水估计（QPE）,它可以获得反射率（ZH）、差分反射率（ZDR）和差传播相移率（Kdp）这些与降水粒子有关的信息,常用的双偏振雷达降水估计方法有基于ZH的R（ZH）、基于ZH和ZDR的R（ZH,ZDR）、基于Kdp的R（Kdp）和基于Kdp与ZDR的R（Kdp,ZDR）这4种。文中利用深圳市S波段和X波段双偏振多普勒雷达探测资料,结合高精度地形数据和雨滴谱仪观测数据,设计了基于双偏振量的定量降水估计方法:首先利用地形数据和雷达地理信息,分析了雷达的遮挡状况,形成了这两部雷达的复合平面扫描仰角信息;随后利用雨滴谱仪观测资料,使用T矩阵方法统计得到了深圳地区的上述4种降水反演方法的参数;最后设计了混合降水反演方法,基于双偏振信号（即Kdp和ZDR）的强弱,使用不同的降水反演方法进行定量降水估计。基于12个降水个例,利用各反演方法产生的定量降水估计结果与雨量计观测资料比较。结果表明,混合降水反演方法在降水反演的准确度和稳定性上均优于任何一种单一定量降水估计反演方法。基于文中介绍的定量降水估计方法,使用深圳S波段和X波段雷达产生了定量降水估计产品,并与深圳目前业务定量降水估计产品进行对比评估。结果表明,使用本方法产生的定量降水估计产品在准确度和稳定性上要优于目前的业务产品。此外,X波段雷达的定量降水估计产品性能要略高于S波段雷达的定量降水估计产品,这说明高时、空分辨率的X波段雷达可以提高定量降水估计精度。但由于雷达扫描平面内双偏振雷达对融化层和冰区的偏振量观测与降水的关系尚未明确,因此,本方法仅适用于雷达扫描平面内液态降水区。 相似文献
7.
Summary Dual polarization radar data (Z
H andZ
DR) are analysed in 4 convective cells. Quite different relationships betweenZ
H andZ
DR are induced by the different hydrometer characteristics in these cells. The radar data, compiled with raingage and hailpad data obtained at the ground, show that in the mixed-phase (hail and rain) type of precipitations the differential reflectivityZ
DR is about 1.5 dB smaller than in the rain type of precipitations, without reaching zero values as in the hail type. In zones of strong precipitations the differential reflectivityZ
DR increase as the horizontal reflectivityZ
H, reaching values > 4 dB which indicate the existence of very big drops.
With 7 Figures 相似文献
Zusammenfassung Es werden in 4 GewitterzellenZ H undZ DR Messungen analysiert, die durch ein Doppelpolarisationsradar aufgenommen wurde. Es wird eine unterschiedliche Verteilung vonZ H zuZ DR je nach den Zellen anschaulich gemacht, was auf unterschiedliche mikrophysikaliche Kennzeichen der Hydrometeore hinweist. Radarmessungen und am Boden vorgenommene Regen- und Hagelmessungen zeigen, daß die Differential-ReflektivitätZ DR in den Mischphaseniederschlägen (Regen und Hagel) um circa 1.5 dB geringer ist als in den Regenniederschlägen, ohne jedoch wie in den Hagelniederschlägen 0 dB zu erreichen. In den Zonen mit starken Niederschlägen nimmtZ DR sowie die HorizontalreflektivitätZ H zu, dabei erreicht sie Werte vonZ DR > 4 dB, was auf das Vorhandensein von sehr großen Tropfen hindeutet.
With 7 Figures 相似文献
8.
Mêdog and Nagqu are two typical regions of the Tibetan Plateau with different geographical locations and climate regimes. These differences may lead to discrepancies in the raindrop size distributions (DSDs) and precipitation microphysical processes between the two regions. This paper investigates discrepancies in the DSDs using disdrometer data obtained during the rainy season in Mêdog and Nagqu. The DSD characteristics are studied under five different rainfall rate categories and two precipitation types (stratiform and convective). For the total datasets, the number concentrations of drops with diameters D > 0.6 (D < 0.6) mm are higher (lower) in Nagqu than in Mêdog. The fitted normalized gamma distributions of the averaged DSDs for the five rainfall rate categories show that Nagqu has a larger (lower) mass-weighted mean diameter Dm (normalized intercept parameter, lgNw) than Mêdog does. The difference in Dm between Nagqu and Mêdog increases with the rainfall rate. Convective clusters in Nagqu could be identified as continental-like, while convective precipitation in Mêdog could be classified as maritime-like. The relationships between the shape factor μ and slope parameter Λ of the gamma distribution model, the radar re?ectivity Z, and the rainfall rate R are also derived. Furthermore, the possible causative mechanism for the notable DSD variation between the two regions during the rainy season is illustrated using reanalysis data and automated weather station observations. Cold rain processes are mainly responsible for the lower concentrations of larger drops observed in Nagqu, whereas warm rain prevails in Mêdog, producing abundant small drops. 相似文献
9.
In this paper,it is shown that the differential reflectivity Z_(DR) is related to drop sizedistribution(DSD)and the spectral shape variation of different truncated diameters.Z_(DR) is asensitive function to variation of DSD of the spectra.The effects of shape variation of DSD onrainfall can be deduced with a(Z_H,Z_(DR))dual-parameter technique,which is effective to improvethe accuracy of rainfall measurement and is of the priority of identifying large particles ofhydrometeors(especially hailstone)from the rain region. 相似文献
10.
利用广州S波段双偏振雷达和X波段相控阵雷达资料,对2022年3月26日一次降雹超级单体风暴成熟阶段的雷达观测特征开展分析,结果表明:超级单体呈现出钩状回波、回波悬垂、中气旋、三体散射等经典结构特征。径向速度上观测到中低层辐合、高层辐散以及中气旋和反气旋共存的双涡旋结构,有助于超级单体的维持发展。偏振特征分析发现,超级单体低层出现了反射率因子(ZDR)弧,低层强回波区对应偏小的差分反射率(ZDR)、低的相关系数(CC)和大的差分相移率(KDP),符合融化的冰雹特征。中层观测到ZDR环、CC环和三体散射(TBSS)的偏振特征。高层强回波区对应低的ZDR、较高的CC和低的KDP,对应空中干的大冰雹。垂直方向上观测到ZDR柱和KDP柱,ZDR柱最大发展高度达到8 km。X波段相控阵雷达更快的扫描速度还精细监测到超级单体钩状回波和中气旋的形成演变过程,低层也观测到与S波段双偏振雷达类似的ZDR弧特征和融化中的冰雹特征,但是使用中要留意衰减造成的影响。 相似文献
11.
Based on the observations of a squall line on 11 May 2020 and stratiform precipitation on 6 June 2020 from two X-band dual-polarization phased array weather radars(DP-PAWRs) and an S-band dual-polarization Doppler weather radar(CINRAD/SA-D), the data reliability of DP-PAWR and its ability to detect the fine structures of mesoscale weather systems were assessed. After location matching, the observations of DP-PAWR and CINRAD/SA-D were compared in terms of reflectivity(ZH), radial velocity(V), dif... 相似文献
12.
双线偏振多普勒雷达资料质量分析 总被引：12，自引：5，他引：7
以中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室的车载C波段双线偏振多普勒雷达（CPDRW）2011年完成升级改造后观测的一次大范围层状云降水过程资料为例,讨论了该设备改造后探测资料质量的改进情况及其对降水粒子的探测性能,同时利用模糊逻辑法结合地物的常规特性和偏振特性,建立了一种运用双线偏振雷达观测资料识别地物及地物与降水混合回波的方法,并利用该雷达的观测资料对识别结果进行了分析检验,最后统计分析了降水回波的差分反射率因子(ZDR)、零滞后互相关系数(ρHV（0）)与信噪比的关系,以及系统初始相位的稳定性及降水资料的一致性。分析结果表明,在常规参量的基础上添加偏振参量并采用模糊逻辑法构建的综合识别模式和常规识别模式都能较好地识别地物,但综合识别模式明显改善了常规识别模式0速度区过度识别的问题,且在地物与降水回波混合的情况下叠加混合回波识别模式具有更加明显的优势。雷达改造前,ZDR及ρHV（0）在信噪比小于25 dB时受噪声影响很大,测量值存在较大误差,资料变得不可信;通过这次的升级改造,其信噪比探测阈值由25 dB降低到15 dB。系统初始相位比改造前更加稳定,随仰角和时间的波动性更小。利用垂直扫描数据进行系统误差订正后的ZDR资料能较好地反映降水粒子的实际情况,ZDR随信噪比的变化较之改造前更加平稳,而对差传播相移ΦDP进行分类处理后拟合的差传播相移率KDP资料也与实际情况一致。 相似文献
13.
2015年4月28日,在高空冷涡的天气背景下,一个伴有较长生命史中气旋的超级单体在上海南汇双线偏振多普勒雷达观测范围内经历了发展减弱阶段,并产生了冰雹、雷雨大风、短时强降水等灾害性天气。利用常规天气观测、南汇双线偏振多普勒雷达、双雷达反演风场等资料分析发现,超级单体在发展成熟阶段呈现出回波悬垂、低层入流缺口、中气旋以及三体散射等经典特征,以及表示雷暴处于发展加强阶段的差分反射率因子柱。差分反射率因子柱通常意味着雷暴中上升气流的加强,同时说明大量的水滴可以被强上升气流托举到0℃层以上,形成过冷水滴,从而有利于冰雹的形成。超级单体经过的区域0～6 km垂直风切变达到了22～26 m·s~(-1),强垂直风切变环境有利于水平涡度发展,南汇雷达观测范围内中气旋维持了100 min左右,有利于雷暴的发展维持。此外,基于模糊逻辑法对此次降雹强对流天气过程开展了相态识别,结果表明,模糊逻辑法对此次强对流天气过程中的冰雹、降水等不同性质的降水能够进行有效的识别,有助于对雷暴降水相态本质的认识。 相似文献
14.
Millimeter-wavelength radar has proved to be an effective instrument for cloud observation and research. In this study, 8-mm-wavelength cloud radar (MMCR) with Doppler and polarization capabilities was used to investigate cloud dynamics in China for the first time. Its design, system specifications, calibration, and application in measuring clouds associated with typhoon are discussed in this article. The cloud radar measurements of radar reflectivity (Z), Doppler velocity (Vr), velocity spectrum width (Sw) and the depolar-ization ratio (LDR) at vertical incidence were used to analyze the microphysical and dynamic processes of the cloud system and precipitation associated with Typhoon Nuri, which occurred in southern China in August 2008. The results show the reflectivity observed using MMCR to be consistent with the echo height and the melting-layer location data obtained by the nearby China S-band new-generation weather radar (SA), but the Ka-band MMCR provided more detailed structural information about clouds and weak precipitation data than did the SA radar. The variation of radar reflectivity and LDR in vertical structure reveals the transformation of particle phase from ice to water. The vertical velocity and velocity spectrum width of MMCR observations indicate an updraft and strong turbulence in the stratiform cloud layer. MMCR provides a valuable new technology for meteorological research in China. 相似文献
15.
The polarimetric radar network in Jiangsu Province has just been operationalized since 2020. The first intense precipitation event observed by this polarimetric radar network and disdrometer occurred during August 28-29, 2020 and caused severe flooding and serious damage in eastern Jiangsu Province. The microphysics and kinetics for this heavy precipitation convective storm is diagnosed in this study, in order to promote the application of this polarimetric radar network. Drop size distribution(... 相似文献
16.
X波段双偏振雷达水凝物粒子相态识别应用研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
对云中水凝物粒子分类识别是双偏振雷达的主要应用之一。本文利用IAP-714XDP-A X波段双偏振雷达观测数据,在对其进行质量控制的基础上,利用滑动自适应订正算法对雷达反射率及差分反射率进行衰减订正,进而采用纹理参数SD（ZH）和SD（?DP）区分气象回波与非气象回波,最后建立基于X波段双偏振雷达偏振参量（ZH、ZDR、KDP、ρHV）、环境温度T和纹理参数（SD（ZH）、SD（?DP））的模糊逻辑水凝物粒子分类识别算法。本文通过对2016年8月7日一次低仰角的观测,检验了纹理参数SD（ZH）和SD（?DP）对气象回波和非气象回波的识别效果,结果表明:SD（ZH）与SD（?DP）两者结合可有效区分气象回波和非气象回波;用2015年8月7日北京一次较大范围的降雹个例,对建立的模糊逻辑水凝物粒子分类识别算法进行效果验证,识别降雹落点与地面观测降雹落点一致,表明各种水凝物粒子对应偏振参量取值范围合理;对2016年9月14日一次处于不同发展阶段的多单体对流云进行水凝物粒子分类识别,结果显示处于发展阶段对流云中存在过冷水柱,其形成的微物理过程是对流云中强烈的上升气流将暖层的水滴抬升到0℃层之上形成过冷云雨水,进而冻结形成雹胚并发展成为冰雹。 相似文献
17.
一次强降水超级单体的双偏振雷达观测分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为分析强降水超级单体风暴的偏振特征及其动力和云物理结构,利用厦门海沧双偏振雷达数据及常规观测资料,采用多普勒雷达风场反演和粒子相态识别等技术,对2018年5月7日发生在闽南地区的一次导致特大暴雨的强降水超级单体风暴进行了分析,研究表明:（1）相关系数小值区出现在有界弱回波区和钩状回波之前,可指示低层上升气流的位置。（2）在前侧下沉气流南侧的反射率因子梯度大值区附近,存在一个浅薄的差分反射率因子大值区（差分反射率因子弧）,其形态与超级单体的发展程度有关。在本次过程中差分反射率因子弧先于钩状回波和中气旋出现,对超级单体的发展具有较好的指示性。（3）在中层的融化层上,差分反射率因子大值区和相关系数小值区呈环形围绕在上升气流周围。差分反射率因子环和相关系数环对确定中层上升气流的位置具有指示意义。（4）差分反射率因子柱位于有界弱回波区的上方,并位于主上升气流附近,在仅有单部雷达进行观测时,差分反射率因子柱可用于识别主上升气流的位置。（5）差分相位常数柱主要由大量混合相态水凝物造成,其位置与地面雨强中心存在较好的对应关系。 相似文献
18.
X波段双线偏振雷达回波强度衰减和地物回波识别订正 总被引：8，自引：5，他引：3
与常规雷达相比,双线偏振天气雷达在降水系统的准确探测、资料质量的提高等方面具有明显的优势,但X波段双线偏振雷达资料受衰减和地物的影响较大,需要进行必要的衰减和地物订正。本文以2010年7月中国气象局在广东阳江开展的遥感数据比对试验得到数据为例,用ZH和ZDR结合的方法对ZH进行衰减订正,用ZH和ZDR的方差识别地物回波,并利用反射率因子垂直廓线订正受地物影响的底层回波。将订正后的ZH与S波段雷达探测的ZH相比较,将订正后的ZH与KDP的散点图和拟合的KDP与ZH曲线关系对比验证。结果表明经过订正的ZH与S波段雷达探测的ZH一致性较好,与拟合曲线也更为吻合,说明方法能有效提高雷达资料的质量。 相似文献
19.
雨滴谱的垂直变化特征对于认识降水过程、改进模式和雷达定量估计降水等具有重要意义。利用2016年6月1日-9月30日雨量筒、微雨雷达（micro rain radar,简称MRR）和PARSIVEL雨滴谱仪连续4个月的观测数据,在对比3种仪器观测结果的基础上,研究了层状云降水不同降水强度下微物理特征量和雨滴谱垂直演变特征。结果表明:MRR与PARSIVEL雨滴谱仪观测降水强度相关性较好,且两种仪器观测的雨滴谱在中等粒子段（0.5~2.5 mm）表现出较好的一致性,而对于小粒子段（雨滴直径小于0.5 mm）PARSIVEL雨滴谱仪观测的数浓度明显低于MRR。对于弱降水（降水强度R ≤ 0.2 mm·h-1）,液水含量和降水强度随高度降低减小,雨滴在下落过程中蒸发明显。对于较强降水（R>2 mm·h-1）,随高度降低,雷达反射率因子增大,小滴数浓度减小的同时大滴数浓度增加明显,雨滴下落过程碰并作用明显。所有高度直径不超过0.5 mm的小滴对数浓度贡献均为最大。高层雨滴直径不小于1 mm的小粒子对降水强度的贡献可达50%,小粒子对降水强度贡献随高度降低减小。 相似文献
20.
In this study, the correlation between simulated and measured radar velocity spectrum width(σv) is investigated. The results show that the dendrites growth zones(DGZs) and needles growth zones(NGZs) mostly contain dendrites(DN) and needles(NE), respectively.Clear σv zones(1.1 < σv(m s–1) < 1.3 and 0.3 < σv(m s–1) < 0.7 for the DGZ and NGZ, respectively) could be identified in the case studies(27 and 28 February 2016) n... 相似文献