共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 562 毫秒
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通过实验定量研究了柴油污染包气带砂层自然衰减过程中吸附、生物和挥发作用。经吸附实验,确定了细砂对柴油饱和污水的吸附平衡时间为24 h,对总石油烃(TPH)的理论最大吸附量为234 mg/kg。同时,确定了ρ(HgCl2)=1 000 mg/L为抑制生物作用最有效的投加浓度。通过3个砂柱的对比实验,建立了柴油污染包气带砂层中生物作用和挥发作用的一级衰减动力学方程和半衰期。根据实验可知,包气带砂层从未受柴油污染到污染一段时间后的自然衰减过程中,吸附、生物和挥发作用均占有重要比例,是非常主要的衰减作用。 相似文献
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利用功能微生物、泥炭和含水层介质构建生物反应墙原位修复柴油污染地下水,系统经调试稳定后运行80 d,目标污染物去除率为83.60%~99.85%。运行期结束,采用荧光素-最大或然数和Biolog方法研究了生物墙内不同位置处功能微生物的数量及群落多样性。结果表明：墙体内各处均能保持较高的功能微生物数量,且微生物群落的物种数、丰富度、均一性、碳源利用性以及代谢特征均相似;但随着生物墙深度的增加,功能微生物比例有所下降,微生物群落略显丰富,但均一性略差,碳源利用倾向略微不同。生物反应墙原位修复地下水时,功能微生物能够长期保持较高的数量、较好的降解性能和稳定的群落多样性;但随着墙体深度的增加,营养结构发生了改变,导致微生物群落结构略显不同。 相似文献
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海洋生物质能研究进展及其发展战略思考 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
生物质能的研究与开发的目的是解决化石资源短缺和温室气体排放等全球性问题。利用油料作物生产生物柴油和利用淀粉作物生产燃料乙醇是当前生物质能产业化开发的重要内容,其原料来源主要依赖农作物,从而导致了生物质能开发与粮食、耕地和水资源竞争的局面。海洋生物质能的开发和利用为解决上述问题提供了一条可能有效的出路。介绍了海洋生物质能的国内外研究进展,分析了有关国家战略需求和关键科学问题,提出了我国发展海洋生物质能的战略思考和下一步的研究重点。 相似文献
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固体超强酸催化合成乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以柠檬酸、正乙醇、乙酸酐为原料,固体超强酸为催化剂,经酯化、酰化反应,我毒增塑剂乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯。考察了影响产率的多种因素,确定了最佳反应条件。 相似文献
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钍—偶氮胂Ⅲ—乙醇体系显色反应的研究及应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文研究了在乙醇存在的体系中偶氮胂Ⅲ与Th的显色反应条件。当乙醇含量为48％时,Th与偶氮胂Ⅲ反应的最佳酸度为3.4—5.5mol/L HCl,其最大吸收波长为660nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.4×10~5L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),Th量在0—80μg/25ml范围服从比尔定律。探讨了乙醇的作用机理,并将方法用于岩石中痕量Th的测定,获得良好结果 相似文献
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柴油污染对人类健康和生态环境具有很大危害。自然衰减以其经济、易操作、对人危害小和降解污染物彻底等优点,成为国内外比较常用的水土污染修复方式之一。采用室内实验的方式,以柴油作为修复对象,模拟了含水层系统中柴油污染物随地下水迁移转化的过程,以自然衰减作为修复方式,研究其修复机理。通过分析计算总石油烃(TPH)污染晕的变化规律,计算修复时间和截留率等方法,研究了柴油污染含水层中的自然衰减强度及修复效能。结果显示,柴油进入含水层后,逐渐形成了稳定的污染晕,并在地下水流场中沿各个方向不断迁移并衰减,其迁移速率由快变慢,并趋于稳定,且沿流向上的迁移作用最强,垂向上次之;"断源"后,含水层中的TPH浓度随时间呈明显的下降趋势,自然衰减作用变得明显;结合一阶反应动力学方程,计算出下部含水层的修复时间为1.0~1.5a,表层注油点位置地下水的修复时间约为2.6a;含水层对柴油具有截留作用,截留作用初期较为稳定,近饱和后作用渐弱,停止注油后,截留作用重新渐变明显;自然衰减可作为修复地下水柴油污染的有效方式。 相似文献
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不同基质共代谢降解地下水中四氯乙烯的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
文中以甲醇、乙醇、甲酸盐、乙酸盐、乳酸盐和葡萄糖作为共代谢基质,利用某污水处理厂厌氧池中的污水(泥)作为接种物,对厌氧微生物进行培养和驯化,降解四氯乙烯(PCE)。实验结果表明,在厌氧污水(泥)和土壤混合环境下培养的微生物,以COD为培养指标,11d可培养成熟。6种基质均能使PCE还原脱氯降解成三氯乙烯(TCE)和1,1-二氯乙烯(1,1-DCE),PCE的降解均符合一级反应动力学方程,反应速率常数大小依次为K乙酸盐>K葡萄糖>K乳酸盐>K乙醇>K甲酸盐>K甲醇,其中乙酸盐是最有效的共代谢基质,其反应速率常数为0·6632d-1。 相似文献
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Emily Keeble David I. Whiteside Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):99-119
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco. 相似文献
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Gilles Serge Odin 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(6):409-414
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414. 相似文献
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The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species. 相似文献
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Muriel Rocher Stéphane Baize Stéphane Jaillet Edward Marc Cushing Yannick Lozac&#x;h Francis Lemeille 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(8):701-708
Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ1 roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003). 相似文献
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正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.) 相似文献
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正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology, 相似文献
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正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.) 相似文献
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正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se- 相似文献
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正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with 相似文献