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1.
淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺共聚物的合成及研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以淀粉和丙烯酰胺为原料,采用硝酸铈胺(CAN)、过硫酸钾(KPS)、高锰酸钾(KMnO4)三种引发荆引发接枝反应,通过对比产物的接枝效率(GE)、接枝率(G)、单体转化率(C)及絮凝效果选出适宜的引发剂过硫酸钾.然后采用此引发荆,考察反应时间、反应温度、引发剂量、单体量时接枝反应的影响.结果表明,淀粉质量分数3.5%、反应时问2 h、反应温度35℃、引发剂量0.09 g、单体量7.8 g时制得聚合物分子量达到106g/mol.加入助凝剂明矾后聚合物絮凝效果更佳,且明矾与共聚物质量比5:0.3.通过红外光谱分析.证明合成的聚合物是淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺共聚物. 相似文献
2.
以废物资源转化为宗旨,利用固定化脂肪酶催化餐饮废油与乙醇反应制备生物柴油,通过实验获得最佳酯化反应条件:反应温度47℃、有机溶剂为正己烷、醇油比3∶1,5次投加乙醇,酶用量为0.3g,反应时间32h时,生物柴油产率可达81%。 相似文献
3.
甲烷动态反应电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地下水中痕量硒 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
地下水中的硒含量一般低于1μg/L,大量氯离子等形成的多原子离子干扰和较低的电离程度,严重影响常规模式ICP-MS测定地下水中痕量硒的准确性,且检出限难以满足实际需要。本文建立了应用动态反应池电感耦合等离子体质谱(DRC-ICP-MS)技术测定地下水中痕量硒的方法,采用乙醇为增感剂,甲烷为反应气,通过实验优化了甲烷流量、乙醇含量、雾化气流速、低质量截取(RPq)、射频发生器(Rf)功率、离子驻留时间等条件对硒不同质量数测定的影响。结果表明:乙醇、甲烷可显著降低Ar等形成的多原子离子干扰,乙醇可明显提高硒的响应强度;在优化实验条件下,除74Se外,各离子的校准曲线线性关系良好(R≥0. 9996),方法检出限为0. 02～0. 03μg/L,低浓度和高浓度样品测试结果的RSD 2%(n=5),平均加标回收率为95. 7%。本方法样品前处理简单,使用设备单一,可满足大批量地下水中痕量硒的测定要求。 相似文献
4.
钍—偶氮胂Ⅲ—乙醇体系显色反应的研究及应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文研究了在乙醇存在的体系中偶氮胂Ⅲ与Th的显色反应条件。当乙醇含量为48％时,Th与偶氮胂Ⅲ反应的最佳酸度为3.4—5.5mol/L HCl,其最大吸收波长为660nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.4×10~5L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),Th量在0—80μg/25ml范围服从比尔定律。探讨了乙醇的作用机理,并将方法用于岩石中痕量Th的测定,获得良好结果 相似文献
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固体超强酸催化合成乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以柠檬酸、正乙醇、乙酸酐为原料,固体超强酸为催化剂,经酯化、酰化反应,我毒增塑剂乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯。考察了影响产率的多种因素,确定了最佳反应条件。 相似文献
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乙醇与β-环糊精的协同作用,使1,4-二羟基蒽醌-Be体系荧光强度提高10倍以上,反应选择性有所改善。基于此,本文通过实验确定了1,4-二羟基蒽醌-β-环糊精-乙醇荧光体系测定岩石矿物中痕量Be的最佳条件,并就乙醇在其中的作用进行了探讨。 相似文献
8.
岩溶含水层的极不均一性特征使岩溶水溶质运移受构造、裂隙空间及其发育方向控制;因环境条件复杂,开展岩溶水污染原位修复技术难度较大,截止目前,国内尚未系统地开展岩溶含水层水污染原位修复研究工作。文章选择鲁中南山区典型岩溶发育及硝酸盐污染地段,施工组合钻孔建设修复试验工程,采用“乙醇+葡萄糖”液态碳源和“聚乙烯醇+淀粉颗粒”固态反应器分别进行岩溶水硝酸盐污染原位修复试验。结果表明:浓度500 mg?L－1、1 000 mg?L－1的“乙醇+葡萄糖”反硝化溶液对硝酸盐浓度的降解率分别为6.45 %和21.52 %;单位长度组成材料“聚乙烯醇3 kg+淀粉颗粒3 kg”、“聚乙烯醇2 kg+淀粉颗粒4 kg”的两种反硝化固态反应器对硝酸盐浓度的降解率分为33.91%和34.96%。试验证明在裂隙型岩溶地区采用孔组方案进行地下水污染原位修复技术可行、且能取得较显著效果。修复工程布设方式和试验成果对类似地区开展岩溶地下水污染原位修复具一定借鉴意义。 相似文献
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近年来,应用于修复石油烃污染地下水的监测自然衰减技术得到了广泛深入研究,同时质量通量方法已逐渐成为评
估地下水燃油污染场地自然衰减监测修复效能的重要手段。通过在室内砂槽中添加乙醇汽油组分,监测其自然衰减,利用
质量通量方法,得出了BTEX和乙醇的质量减少率、自然衰减速率常数K;结合非反应示踪剂溴离子,评价了BTEX和乙醇
自然衰减因素中吸附和微生物的联合降解效应。结果表明,自然衰减是地下水中燃油组分修复的重要机制,质量通量方法
是评估自然衰减的有效方法之一。BTEX和乙醇在自然衰减过程中被去除的比例分别为78.88%和98.71%,其中约98%的
BTEX 因吸附和生物降解联合作用被去除,接近100%的乙醇因内在生物降解作用被去除;BTEX 的自然衰减速率为
0.077d-1~0.167d-1,乙醇为0.353d-1,自然条件下乙醇比BTEX更容易衰减。 相似文献
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不同基质共代谢降解地下水中四氯乙烯的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
文中以甲醇、乙醇、甲酸盐、乙酸盐、乳酸盐和葡萄糖作为共代谢基质,利用某污水处理厂厌氧池中的污水(泥)作为接种物,对厌氧微生物进行培养和驯化,降解四氯乙烯(PCE)。实验结果表明,在厌氧污水(泥)和土壤混合环境下培养的微生物,以COD为培养指标,11d可培养成熟。6种基质均能使PCE还原脱氯降解成三氯乙烯(TCE)和1,1-二氯乙烯(1,1-DCE),PCE的降解均符合一级反应动力学方程,反应速率常数大小依次为K乙酸盐>K葡萄糖>K乳酸盐>K乙醇>K甲酸盐>K甲醇,其中乙酸盐是最有效的共代谢基质,其反应速率常数为0·6632d-1。 相似文献
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以2-溴代异丁酸乙酯[2-（EiB）-Br]为引发剂,CuBr/2,2^1-bpy为催化体系,进行了甲基丙烯酸丁酯（BMA）在丙酮、丙酮/甲醇、丙酮/水中的原子转移自由基聚合,研究了溶剂、温度对聚合反应活性特征的影响.结果表明,水或甲醇的加入,使反应速率有所增加,水的影响最大;在其它反应条件相同时,水或甲醇对反应的影响在低温时更为明显. 相似文献
12.
用废聚苯乙烯泡沫制备胶粘剂 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文研究了回收废旧聚苯乙烯(PS)泡沫塑料制备PS胶粘剂的方法。以废旧聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料为主要原料,选择低毒性、相溶性好的有机溶剂,使其溶解,再与聚乙烯醇(PVA)水溶液共混,制得水包油乳液。加入不同改性材料,制得改性胶粘剂。 相似文献
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在矿山复杂水文地质条件下如何进行快速封堵及动水注浆是注浆领域的技术难题，开发新的化学注浆材料是一个有效的解决途径。通过分析聚氨酯合成反应温度、加料方式、各类助剂、添加剂对比试验，对聚氨酯注浆材料的生产配方进行优化，并确定材料最佳配方。结果表明，以磷酸作为缓凝剂，乙酸乙酯为溶剂，PM-33为催化剂，采用4%纳米二氧化硅改性制得的注浆材料性能较好、遇水膨胀率高、反应过程及产物环保无毒。该研究可为复杂水文地质条件下的注浆工程提供一种新型的单组分水下速凝膨胀聚氨酯注浆材料。 相似文献
14.
A compound with a UV absorption maximum at 348 nm was observed in Mount Isa copper flotation plant solution. This spectrum was similar to that of the product of reaction of xanthate and peroxide in dilute, alkaline aqueous solution. The compound was termed perxanthate (more correctly “O”-alkyl dithiomonoperoxycarbonate).A new compound, ammonium sec-butyl perxanthate (C4H9 OCSSO·NH4), was prepared by reacting potassium sec-butyl xanthate and hydrogen peroxide in dilute alkaline solution, acidifying, extracting into iso-octane, and precipitating with anhydrous ammonia. Solutions of this compound were compared with solutions containing the Mount Isa compound. Each compound was found to have the same UV absorption spectrum in a given solvent (alkaline aqueous, acid aqueous, chloroform, iso-octane, iso-amyl alcohol, and n-butyl acetate), but the spectra were different in different solvents (especially in alkaline and acid aqueous solutions). Both compounds could be extracted from acid, but not alkaline, aqueous solutions by organic solvents, and both had similar IR and mass spectra.It was concluded that the perxanthate in plant solution resulted from reaction of xanthate with peroxide derived from reduction of oxygen during flotation. This lends credence to the electrochemical theory of flotation and has some important theoretical and practical implications. 相似文献
15.
红土型铝土矿中三水铝石的分离方法研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
研究了非水溶剂体系作为分离红土型铝土矿中三水铝石的选择性溶剂的优越性及其具体应用条件。实验表明，１ｍｏｌ／ＬＫＯＨ－０．３％水杨酸－无水乙醇溶液于沸水浴上浸取分离，可使该矿中高含量的三水铝石完全溶解，其浸出率＞９９％；而共存的一水硬铝的溶解率＜０．６，高岭石的溶解反应受到了明显的抑制，其最大溶解率从３０．５５％降至５．８６％。方法用于实际样品分析，获得了比较满意的结果。 相似文献
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《International Journal of Mineral Processing》2005,77(3):154-164
The adsorption of ethyl, propyl and butyl xanthates on pyrite has been studied through electrokinetics, batch adsorption tests, and quantification of Fe2+ ions in solution. Adsorption isotherms for the three alkyl xanthates indicate that their adsorption to dixanthogen produces Fe2+ ions in solution and decreases the pyrite zeta potential negatively. It seems that the oxidation reaction of xanthates to dixanthogen on pyrite is coupled with the reduction reaction of surface-ferric hydroxide to ferrous ions, leading to the dissolution of hydrophilic ferric hydroxide and growth of hydrophobic dixanthogen on the surface of pyrite. Flotation of pyrite is presented as a function of pH using various ethyl xanthate concentrations. The floatability results are explained in terms of the surface coverage relationship between ferric hydroxide and dixanthogen, which is pH dependent. 相似文献
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岩矿中微量金的测定,一般采用炭粉吸附、萃取、离子交换等方法分离后,用原子吸收光度法或孔雀绿、硫代米蚩酮萃取分光光度法测定。硫代米蚩酮—异戍醇(或正丁醇)萃取比色法灵敏度较高,但稳定性差,手续烦琐,不易掌握。我们试验用纸色谱分离直接在色谱纸上用硫代米蚩酮显色目视比 相似文献
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Alkyl dixanthogens, (ROCSS)2, decompose in aqueous solution in the presence of nucleophiles in many ways.It is proposed here that in alkaline solution the principal methods of decomposition of ethyl dixanthogen are by simultaneous attack of OH? ions on the sulphur-sulphur bond to give products which include xanthate ion (ROCSS?) and peroxide (H2O2) and on the carbon-sulphur bond to give products which include monothiocarbonate ion (ROSCO?), sulphide ion (S2?), and sulphur (S0). Above pH 12 reaction is complete in a few minutes, and more monothiocarbonate than xanthate is formed. At pH 9 the reaction takes over 20 h and more xanthate than monothiocarbonate is formed.The primary products react further to give various ions which depend in part on the pH of the system. In alkaline solution some of the xanthate and peroxide react to give perxanthate (ROCSSO?). In acid solution both xanthate and monothiocarbonate decompose rapidly; CS2 is formed from xanthate and OCS from monothiocarbonate.In the presence of other nucleophiles at pH 9.2, dissolved dixanthogen decomposes much more quickly than with OH? alone, and other reactions occur. With thiosulphate a higher proportion of xanthate is formed together with some xanthyl thiosulphate and monothiocarbonate but no perxanthate. With sulphite (in the absence of oxygen) or cyanide the products include xanthate and monothiocarbonate but no perxanthate. With sulphite in the presence of oxygen, perxanthate is also formed.Suspensions of dixanthogens react slowly but in a similar fashion to dissolved dixanthogens.Longer-chain dixanthogens are much less soluble than ethyl dixanthogen but, in general, react in a similar way. Higher temperatures increase the rate of decomposition by OH?.This work has various implications in operating plants. 相似文献
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The dissolution rate of natural barite, BaSO4, was measured in solutions of DTPA (diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid) to investigate the mechanism of ligand-promoted dissolution using a strong chelating agent. Experiments were carried out over a range of DTPA concentrations 0.5–0.0001 M solutions, at room temperature (22 °C), as well as a range of temperatures, 22–80 °C at 1 atm. The dissolution rate is inversely related to the DTPA concentration in solution. A more dilute DTPA solution is shown to be more efficient as a solvent in terms of the approach to the equilibrium saturation value for the dissolution of Ba2+. An analysis of the temperature dependence of the dissolution rate at high pH by the determination of activation energies indicates that the reaction is probably controlled by the pre-exponential term in the rate constant. This indicates that reaction frequency mostly controls differences in reactivity and suggests an explanation for the results in terms of stearic hindrance due to adsorbed DTPA molecules at the barite surface. The effect of DTPA on the solvation of the Ba2+ ion may also influence the dissolution rate. 相似文献