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1.
洞庭湖沉积物重金属环境地球化学 总被引：45，自引：0，他引：45
对洞庭湖沉积物样进行了Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Ni、As和Hg等8种元素含量分析.结果显示,洞庭湖沉积物中重金属污染物主要是Cd和Hg,其次是Pb、Zn、As和Cu;Cd平均含量达到2.7mg/kg,是国家土壤环境质量三级标准(1.0mg/kg)的近3倍;Cu、Pb、Zn、As和Hg平均含量分别为51.3mg/kg、52.8mg/kg、140mg/kg、22.5mg/kg和0.22mg/kg,均超过国家土壤环境质量一级标准.运用地累积指数法对其污染程度进行了评价,认为重金属污染最严重的湖区是东洞庭湖的鹿角至城陵矶湖区(段),污染物可能主要来源于湘江流域;各子湖区(段)重金属综合污染状况评价结果是:东洞庭湖＞大通湖＞横岭湖＞万子湖＞西洞庭湖＞采桑湖.入湖各河口区沉积物重金属含量与历史资料的对比表明,8种重金属含量均有较高程度的富集,反映近年来洞庭湖流域内重金属污染有增加的趋势. 相似文献
2.
云蒙湖表层沉积物重金属分布特征及风险评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解云蒙湖表层沉积物中重金属的污染状况,选取云蒙湖沉积物中6种重金属(Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Cd、As)作为研究对象,测定并分析其在云蒙湖表层沉积物中的分布、来源及生态风险,以期为云蒙湖沉积物中重金属污染治理及饮用水安全保障提供依据。采用富集系数法、相关性分析及聚类分析对重金属来源进行分析,并选用富集系数法、地累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数法对重金属污染程度及潜在生态危害进行了评价。结果表明:云蒙湖表层沉积物中6种重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Cd、As平均含量分别为20.9、73.1、23.1、62.0、0.4和4.5 mg/kg;与临沂市土壤背景比较,Cd、Zn和Cr的含量超过临沂市土壤背景值,Cd污染最严重。重金属来源分析结果显示:Cd受人类活动影响较大,可能与区域农业和林业施肥有关;Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr和 As这几种重金属以自然来源为主。综合富集系数法、地累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数法3种评价方法的结果得出,云蒙湖表层沉积物中Cd 为最主要的污染元素,且具有较强的生态危害。 相似文献
3.
为探讨渤海西部在多重环境因素变化下沉积物中重金属的环境地球化学行为,分析了渤海西部44个站位表层沉积物样品中8种重金属元素含量,研究了重金属元素的分布特征、环境影响因素及其生态风险。结果表明,渤海西部表层沉积物中As、Cu、Cd、Cr、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn的平均含量分别为117 mg/kg、255 mg/kg、014 mg/kg、689 mg/kg、0037 mg/kg、303 mg/kg、223 mg/kg、757 mg/kg;Cu、Cr、Ni、Zn含量与有机碳含量、小于63 μm细粒沉积物呈显著正相关,其在表层沉积物中的分布明显受到有机质含量和沉积物粒径的控制,而As、Hg分布没有明显受到有机质含量的影响。富集系数显示,Cr、Ni、Pb和Zn为无富集,Cu、As为轻度富集,Cd和Hg为中度富集。与多种背景值和一致性沉积物质量基准相比较,渤海西部表层沉积物Pb、Cd的含量超出背景值,而Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr、As、Hg含量也存在一定的异常,但其含量水平引发有害生物效应的可能性不大,尽管重金属元素含量偏高,但生态风险较小。 相似文献
4.
湘江岳阳段沉积物重金属污染特征及其初步生态风险评估 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
分析了湘江岳阳段表层沉积物样品中10种典型重金属元素(Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Tl、V、Mn、Co和Ni)的含量水平和分布规律,并采用地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法,初步评价了沉积物中重金属污染状况和潜在生态风险。研究结果表明:(1)湘江岳阳段沉积物中重金属Cd、Zn、Mn和Cu等污染较为严重,其含量范围分别为8.56～19.4 mg/kg、250～367 mg/kg、1489～2258 mg/kg和40.5～64.7 mg/kg;(2)研究区域中多种重金属潜在生态风险指数(RI)为369～698,表明研究区域沉积物重金属污染导致的潜在生态风险高,且主要风险污染物为Cd和Tl;(3)湘江岳阳段沉积物呈现出以Cd为主的多种重金属复合污染特征。 相似文献
5.
三峡沉积物中重金属污染累积及潜在生态风险评估 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
分析了三峡库区主要支流表层沉积物样品中15种重金属元素（Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Tl、V、Mn、C、Ni、Sr、Ag、Sb、Sn和Mo）的含量水平和分布规律,并采用内梅罗污染指数、地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法,初步评价了沉积物中重金属污染状况和潜在生态风险。研究结果表明：（1）三峡库区支流表层沉积物中重金属Cd、Zn和Cu等呈现污染加剧态势,其含量范围分别为0.36-1.22 mg/kg、55.8-182 mg/kg、24.0-93.1 mg/kg;（2）内梅罗单因子污染指数（Ii）和地累积指数（Igeo）指示研究区域中Ag、Sb和Sn等多种重金属污染累积效应显著;（3）研究区域中多种重金属内梅罗多因子污染指数（Pn）和潜在生态风险指数（RI）分别为3.41-11.1和204-568,表明研究区域为重度重金属污染,潜在生态风险较高;（4）三峡库区主要支流表层沉积物呈现出以Cd为主的多种重金属复合污染特征。 相似文献
6.
我国渔港沉积物的重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
分析了青岛、宁波、舟山、厦门、深圳、珠海、澳门、茂名和三亚共9个渔港（包括综合港口区）表层沉积物中的Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn、Co和Ni等典型重金属元素的含量,探讨了其可能的来源。采用沉积物质量基准法和Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法,评价了各渔港重金属的污染状况和潜在生态风险。结果表明：（1）渔港沉积物中重金属Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd的富集较为严重,位于珠江三角洲的渔港重金属含量显著高于其他渔港,尤其是Cu和Zn,最高含量分别达到1249mg／kg和664mg／kg,而Cd和Pb的污染也不容忽视;（2）珠三角渔港具“高”或“中等”潜在重金属生态风险,其中Cu和Cd具有高的潜在生态风险,其他渔港均属低生态风险,渔港总的潜在生态风险由高至低顺序为：澳门〉深圳〉珠海〉茂名〉三亚〉厦门〉青岛〉宁波〉舟山;（3）渔港沉积物中重金属主要来自工业废水、生活污水、污灌土壤以及大气沉降的污染和渔船防护漆的使用。而船体防护漆中Cu／氧化亚铜的大量使用是渔港中Cu污染的主要来源。 相似文献
7.
湘江是我国重金属污染最严重的河流之一。本次工作利用X射线荧光(XRF)和电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS)分析技术,对湘江竹埠港沉积物进行主量和微量元素分析。结果表明沉积物主量元素含量变化相对稳定,富集Mn O、P2O5、Fe2O3、Al2O3,亏损Ca O、Na2O。微量元素含量变化较大,亏损Ba、Sc、Mn、Sr而富集其他微量元素。对主量元素和稀土元素进行了分析,表明沉积物物源主要是由上游花岗岩风化所提供。对沉积物进行因子分析和相关性分析,表明沉积物源主要以陆源碎屑为主,并有磷灰石和软锰矿等自生副矿物,Ni、Pb、Cu可能来自人为污染源。地累积指数表明Ba为清洁无污染,重金属V、Cr、Co、Ni、Th、U为轻度污染,重金属Cu、Pb、Zn为偏中度污染,Mn为中度污染,Sc为偏重度污染。其中重金属Cr、Ni、Cu、Pb、Zn、Mn、Sc污染应引起关注。 相似文献
8.
通过对唐山滨海湿地表层沉积物采样,采用3种不同的方法,评价了不同采样点重金属元素Pb、Cr、Zn、Cu、Cd、As、Hg污染水平,并进行级别的划分;分析了不同重金属元素富集的影响因素,为判别其沉积物来源提供依据;通过潜在生态危害评价方法评价重金属对该区域生物的影响,以期为渤海湾重金属防治提供参考资料。结果表明,渤海湾唐山滨海湿地表层沉积物中各重金属的污染程度从大到小依次为:Pb> Cr> Zn> Cu> Cd> As> Hg;主要污染指示为Zn、Cr和Pb等元素;其表层沉积物As、Cd、Hg、Pb、Cu、Cr、Zn存在低等潜在危害程度;重金属元素对生态城生物为负面效应且偶尔发生,其中As元素的潜在危害最强。 相似文献
9.
长江下游青弋江、水阳江水系湖泊沉积物中重金属变化特征研究 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2
2004～2008年在青弋江、水阳江流域石臼、固城、南漪三湖采集得到岩芯钻孔.运用核素210Pb和137Cs对获得沉积物进行定年,同时分析了岩芯沉积物金属元素,研究近代湖泊重金属演化历史以及人类活动的影响,并对重金属进行了评价.文章运用Al元素作为粒度的代用指标对重金属进行标准化,并获取了重金属富集系数.研究表明,石臼、固城、南漪三湖钻孔中Cu和Zn的富集系数高于Pb,但Pb,Zn,Cu和Cr富集系数都不超过2,并且Cr的富集系数较小.自20世纪80年代中期以来流域内人类活动对石臼湖湖泊沉积物造成了显著的重金属污染,在南漪湖则推迟了10年左右,而在固城湖其重金属污染相对不明显.根据沉积物质量基准进行评价,发现石臼、固城、南漪三湖虽然存在一定的Cu,Pb,Zn和Cr污染,但污染造成的生态效应还不明显. 相似文献
10.
对采自江苏潮间带的824个表层沉积物中的重金属元素Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd含量进行测定,采用相关分析法对表层沉积物重金属来源进行了解析,根据海洋沉积物质量标准(GB 18668—2002)对沉积物进行分级评价,同时采用Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法进行污染评价。结果表明：江苏潮间带表层沉积物Zn、Pb含量均符合一类沉积物标准,Cr、Cd、Cu含量均符合二类沉积物标准;研究区Cu、Pb、Zn元素在物源或富集特征上具有相似性,Cd元素不受元素“粒度控制律”控制,其含量分布主要受人类活动影响;江苏潮间带表层沉积物重金属总体污染和潜在生态危害处于低风险级别,重金属潜在生态危害指数由大到小依次为Cd>Pb>Cu>Cr>Zn。 相似文献
11.
Assessment of heavy metals in sediments near Hazira industrial zone at Tapti River estuary, Surat, India 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Bhavna A. Shah Ajay V. Shah Chirag B. Mistry Alok J. Navik 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(7):2365-2376
Heavy metal accumulation due to industrial activities has become a very sensitive issue for the survival of the aquatic life. Therefore, distributions of several heavy metals have been studied in the surface sediments of Tapti–Hazira estuary, Surat, to assess the impact of anthropogenic and industrial activities near estuary. Totally 60 sediment samples were collected from four different sites at Tapti–Hazira estuary, Surat from January 2011 to May 2011 and examined for metal contents. The average heavy metal load in the study area are found to be 43.28–77.74 mg/kg for Pb, 48.26–72.40 mg/kg for Cr, 117.47–178.80 mg/kg for Zn, 71.13–107.82 mg/kg for Ni, 123.17–170.52 mg/kg for Cu, 0.74–1.25 mg/kg for Cd, 14.73–21.69 mg/kg for Co. Calculated enrichment factors (EF) reveal that enrichment of Pb and Cd is moderate at all sites, whereas other metals Cr, Ni, Zn, Co, and Cu show significant to very high enrichment. Geo-accumulation index (I geo) results revealed that the study area is nil to moderately contaminated with respect to Cd, moderately to highly polluted with respect to Pb, Zn, and Cu and high to very highly polluted with respect to Co and Cr. 相似文献
12.
江苏典型地区河流沉积物重金属元素分布特征及其污染来源 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对河流沉积物等地表沉积物中重金属元素分布等环境地球化学调查数据的统计分析,总结了江苏典型地区河流沉积物中重金属元素的分布特点与规律:江苏局部地区河流沉积物中,Cd、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cu、Ni、Hg等相对富集趋势明显,Cd最大富集倍数 100;不同河流沉积物的重金属元素分布存在差异,与其污染来源密切相关;工业排放是导致河流重金属污染的主要原因,使用含Cd的颜料作为调色剂导致部分河流出现严重Cd污染;与土壤等其他地表沉积物相比,河流沉积物中重金属元素的分布更不均衡。查明河流沉积物的重金属元素分布可为相关农产品安全性预测、确定重金属污染来源、追踪涉重产业的发展历程、防治局部耕地重金属污染等提供科学依据。 相似文献
13.
In order to assess the pollution levels of selected heavy metals, 45 bottom sediment samples were collected from Al-Kharrar lagoon in central western Saudi Arabia. The concentrations of the heavy metals were recorded using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The results showed that the concentrations of Pb and Cd exceeded the environmental background values. However, the heavy metal contents were less than the threshold effect level (TEL) limit. The concentrations of heavy metals in lagoon bottom sediments varied spatially, but their variations showed similar trends. Elevated levels of metals were observed in the northern and southern parts of the lagoon. Evaluation of contamination levels by the sediment quality guidelines (SQG) of the US-EPA revealed that sediments were non-polluted-moderately to heavily polluted with Pb; non-polluted to moderately polluted with Cu; and non-polluted with Mn, Zn, Cd, and Cr. The geoaccumulation index showed that lagoon sediments were unpolluted with Cd, Mn, Fe, Hg, Mo, and Se; unpolluted to moderately polluted with Zn and Co; and moderately polluted with Pb, Cr, Cu, and As. The high enrichment factor values for Pb, As, Cu, Cr, Co, and Zn (>2) indicate their anthropogenic sources, whereas the remaining elements were of natural origins consistent with their low enrichment levels. The values of CF indicate that the bottom sediments of Al-Kharrar lagoon are moderately contaminated with Mn and Pb. 相似文献
14.
Urbanisation and industrial development lead to contamination of estuaries and streams with dispersed loadings of heavy metals and metalloids. Contributions of these elements also occur from natural sources. This study provides baseline geochemical data on the respective natural and anthropogenic inputs of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, As, Sb, Cr, Ni, Mn and S to estuarine, fluvial and wetland sediments, and adjacent soils, in the Kooloonbung Creek catchment that drains the Port Macquarie urban area in north coastal New South Wales. There have been anthropogenic additions of Cu, Pb, Zn and As from dispersed urban sources at Port Macquarie, but they are restricted to the local catchment and do not impact on the adjacent Hastings River estuary. The most contaminated sediments display enrichment factors up to 20 × for Cu and Pb, 9 × for Zn and 5 × for As relative to local background values. However, only one value (for Pb) exceeds National Water Quality Management Strategy interim sediment quality guideline (high) values. On the other hand, sediments and local soils are commonly strongly enriched in Cr, Ni and Mn, reflecting adjacent ultramafic and mafic rock substrate and lateritic regolith. Concentrations of Cr and Ni are commonly well above interim sediment quality guideline (high) values for sediments, but are in mineralogical forms that are not readily bioavailable. Sediment and soil quality guideline values consequently need to recognise natural enrichments and the mineralogical siting of heavy metals. Although dissolved concentrations of heavy metals in stream waters are commonly low, there is evidence for mobility of Cu, Zn, Fe and Al. Parts of the Kooloonbung Creek wetland area lie on sulfidic estuarine sediments (potential acid sulfate soils). Experimental oxidation of uncontaminated and contaminated sulfidic sediments leads to substantial dissolution of heavy metals under acid conditions, with subsequent aquatic mobility. The results warn about disturbance and oxidation of potential acid sulfate soils that have been contaminated by urban and natural heavy-metal sources. 相似文献
15.
滦河流域沉积物中重金属分布特征及风险评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
沉积物作为重金属污染物的源和汇,对水环境有着至关重要的影响.为了全面了解滦河沉积物中重金属污染现状,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法对滦河干支流沉积物中重金属含量进行了测定,分析了其空间分布,并采用潜在生态危害指数法对滦河沉积物进行了评价.结果表明:滦河沉积物中Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd 和Pb的平均含量分别为60.40、26.15、48.07、76.42、0.30、25.55 mg/kg,其中Cu和Cd含量高于中国水系沉积物背景值.滦河干流的重金属含量空间分布自上游往下游呈逐渐增加趋势.潜在生态危害指数评价结果表明:不同重金属污染对滦河流域生态风险构成的危害由强至弱依次为:Cd＞Cu ＞Pb＞Cr＞ Zn,其中Cu、Pb、Cr和Zn为低生态危害等级,Cd以中等生态危害等级为主.总体上,滦河沉积物重金属处于中等生态危害等级,干流大黑汀水库和支流瀑河宽域处于强生态危害等级. 相似文献
16.
Heavy metals content and distribution in the surface sediments of the Guangzhou section of the Pearl River,Southern China 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
The long-term industrialization and urbanization of Guangzhou city may lead to heavy metal contamination of its aquatic sediment.
Nevertheless, only few studies have been published on the distribution and contamination assessment of heavy metals in this
urban river sediment. Thus, the major objective of this study was to quantitatively assess contamination of heavy metals and
their chemical partitioning in the sediments of the Guangzhou section of the Pearl River (GSPR). Surface sediment samples
were collected at 10 sites in the main river and 12 sites in the creeks of the GSPR. The total content of Cd was determined
by graphite furnace atomic adsorption spectrometry (GF-AAS), and content of Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn was determined by inductively
coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The chemical partitioning of these heavy metals in the sediments of
the main river was determined by the sequential selective extraction (SSE) method. Results indicated that the average total
concentrations of Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu and Zn in the sediments of the main river were 1.44, 63.7, 95.5, 253.6 and 370.0 mg/kg, respectively,
whereas they were 2.10, 125.5, 110.1, 433.7 and 401.9 mg/kg in the sediments of the creeks. The sediment at M4 and C9 sites
was heavily contaminated with about 8 and 11 of toxic unit, respectively. Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn were mostly bound to organic matter
and in the residual phase, whereas Cd was mostly associated with the soluble and exchangeable phase and the residual phase.
The mobility and bioavailability of Cd, Zn and Cr in the sediments of the main river were relatively higher than Cu and Pb,
due to higher levels in the soluble and exchangeable fraction and the carbonate fraction. The potential acute toxicity in
the sediments of the main river and creeks was mainly caused by Cu contamination, accounting for 21.7–37.1% and 16.9–46.3%
of the total toxicity, respectively, followed by Zn and Pb. Adverse biological effects induced by heavy metals would be expected
in the sediments of the GSPR. Therefore, the sediments of the GSPR, especially at M4 and C9 sites, need to be remediated to
maintain aquatic ecosystem health. 相似文献
17.
G. Machender Ratnakar Dhakate S. T. Mallikharjuna Rao B. Mangaraja Rao L. Prasanna 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(2):513-525
Environmental geochemical studies were carried out to find out the extent of contamination in sediments due to heavy metals in Balanagar industrial area, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. The industrial area consisting of 350 small and large industries manufacturing battery, steel planting, pharmaceutical chemicals, metal plating, etc. The present study was undertaken on sediment contamination in Balanagar industrial area, to determine extent and distribution of heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, As) and to delineate the source. There is no treatment plant in the industrial area, and many industries release the effluents into nearby nalas and lakes. Solid waste from the industries is also being dumped along the roads and near the open grounds due to which heavy metals migrate from solid waste to the groundwater. The sediments samples were collected from the study area in clean polythene covers and were analyzed for their heavy metals by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The concentration ranges of different heavy metals were Cr, 96.2–439.6 mg/kg; Cu, 95.7–810 mg/kg; Ni, 32.3–13,068.2 mg/kg; Pb, 59.2–512 mg/kg; Zn, 157.1–4,630.5 mg/kg; Co, 1.8–48.3 mg/kg; and V, 35.2–308.5 mg/kg. High concentration of heavy metals in sediments can be attributed to some pharmaceutical and metal industries in the study area. Based on the results obtained, suitable remedial measures can be adopted such as phytoremediation and bio-remediation for reduction of heavy metals in sediments. 相似文献
18.
Accumulation and risk of heavy metals in relation to agricultural intensification in the river sediments of agricultural regions 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The enrichment characteristics and risk of heavy metals were studied in the sediments of Liucha River in Chao Lake Valley, where agricultural intensification has developed rapidly since the 1980s. The results revealed that Cd, Pb and Zn showed the lowest levels in the upper reaches and peak values in the lower reaches, increasing from 0.064, 7.75 and 59.75 mg/kg to 0.176, 12.33 and 96.82 mg/kg on average, respectively. Enrichment factor (EF) analysis showed that the EF values of Cd, Pb and Zn (maximum 4.76, 2.51 and 2.74, respectively) all increased from the upper reaches to the lower reaches (>1.5), while correlation analysis and cluster analysis showed that they primarily originated from the extensive use of phosphate fertilizer. In addition, the comprehensive potential ecological risk due to Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in the sediments showed low degree, but Cd showed moderate and high risk at some sites. Therefore, heavy metal pollution due to agricultural intensification in the agricultural regions of Chao Lake Valley should be given great attention during management of the water environment. 相似文献