共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 890 毫秒
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鸟粪石结晶法预处理垃圾渗滤液中高浓度氨氮的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用鸟粪石结晶法预处理垃圾渗滤液中的高浓度氨氮,通过单因素实验和正交实验探讨了pH值、添加剂种类、添加剂比例、反应时间4个因素对氨氮去除率的影响,结合反应过程中的经济成本得出鸟粪石结晶法最佳工艺条件为:pH=9,添加剂为MgC12·6H2O和Na2HPO4·12H2O,n(Mg2+):n(NH4+):n(PO43-)=1:1:1,反应时间15min,氨氮去除率达到90.13%,剩余氨氮在300mg/L以下。通过XRD和ESEM分析,沉淀产物为鸟粪石。实验表明鸟粪石结晶法可以有效去除垃圾渗滤液中的高浓度氨氮,为后续使用生物法处理提供条件,也可以弥补矿物吸附法去除氨氮的不足。可将其与生物法、矿物吸附法等方法组合使用,综合处理垃圾渗滤液。 相似文献
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垃圾填埋场渗滤液水质复杂,危害性大,对其无害化处理尚未得到很好解决。研究发现,垃圾渗滤液中有机污染物可标识划分为亲水性和疏水性两大类物质。实验针对性采用亲水的天然膨润土处理亲水性有机物,疏水的有机膨润土处理疏水性有机物,再结合鸟粪石结晶法去除氨氮,从而获得一套处理中晚期垃圾渗滤液的经济高效的矿物法组合处理技术。采用GC-MS技术鉴定经矿物法处理后的垃圾渗滤液,亲水性和疏水性有机污染物的种类和含量都明显降低。检测进水与出水的COD、氨氮及重金属浓度这三项关键指标,垃圾渗滤液原液COD为2566 mg/L,氨氮3859 mg/L,重金属Hg为0.305 mg/L。矿物法组合处理后出水的COD为245mg/L,氨氮48 mg/L,重金属Hg未检出。矿物组合法为垃圾渗滤液的无害化处理提供了一条新的思路。 相似文献
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根据物质组分、盐矿物种类、剖面结构和厚度将含盐系划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级韵律,分别描述了各级韵律的剖面特征,也讨论了其形成机理。本文着重将Ⅲ级韵律分为钠镁盐-钾镁盐型、杂卤石-钠镁盐型、钙芒硝-杂卤石型、石盐-钙芒硝型、硬石膏-石盐型和硬石膏型;并按上述各型在剖面中的不同组合从下向上划分为Ⅱ_1—Ⅱ_44个韵律,归纳了Ⅱ级韵律中剖面结构类型所指示的卤水演化的共同特征和沉积阶段。正是这种沉积阶段性,既滞留了卤水浓缩期的 K~+,也聚积了淡化期补给的 K~+,为钾矿层的形成提供了 K~+来源。本文还指出,赋存钾矿层的Ⅰ级韵律的盐亚段上部,应是我国东部中、新生代类似凹陷中找钾目的层段。 相似文献
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库车坳陷古新统—始新统发育巨厚的蒸发岩,尤其是盆地西部,出露多处盐矿点。本文主要研究了KL4钻孔古新统—始新统蒸发岩中钾盐矿物和含钾矿物特征,在此基础上分析了库车坳陷古新统—始新统蒸发岩地层中成钾趋势。研究发现,在含钾层段Ⅰ产出钾芒硝,层段Ⅱ产出原生钾石盐、钾石膏和含钾石盐石膏,说明古盐湖已经达到钾盐沉积阶段。钻孔化学组分分析结果显示,钻孔底部至顶部K~+浓度呈现不断富集的趋势,且最大值达到1.273%,结合离子含量、钾氯系数、镁氯系数、锂氯系数和锶钙系数等特征,进一步确定古盐湖演化过程中存在两次成钾浓缩趋势,认为含钾层段Ⅰ和Ⅱ具有成钾潜力,其中层段Ⅱ成钾潜力更大。 相似文献
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钾长石粉酸浸除铁废液资源化的实验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
钾长石粉经过硫酸或盐酸酸浸除铁后, 废液中含有大量的金属离子和游离酸.对废硫酸进行循环利用实验, 钾长石粉铁的浸出率达到88.3%.对酸浸废液进行蒸发结晶, 分别制备得到了纯度为94.1%的绿钾铁矾和74%的三氯化铁.用硫酸酸浸废液蒸发结晶后, 铁的回收率为70.0%, 钾的回收率为96.5%, 整个工艺无需高温, 无需加压, 操作简单, 具有高效、低能耗、低污染的特点, 表明用本项技术处理酸浸废液行之有效.分析认为, 废液呈强酸性、溶液中存在大量Fe2+、碱金属离子含量偏低是蒸发结晶过程中形成绿钾铁矾而不是黄钾铁矾的主要原因. 相似文献
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对于入河排污口设置,通常需对周边地下水、地表水水质、水量、水生态及第三者权益分析,而北方小型河流易发生断流,时常着重于分析对其地下水的影响.以农安县某垃圾填埋场为例,结合水文地质勘察结果,运用Visual MODFLOW软件,模拟预测该垃圾填埋场渗滤液中主要特征污染物COD及氨氮在通过富滨分干排放时对周边地下水污染物的迁移特征,分析对其周边地下水的影响.最终模拟预测结果显示,渗滤液对地下水的影响主要取决于污染因子的浓度、地下水径流的方向、水力梯度、含水层的渗透性和富水性等,其模拟因子COD的最大影响距离均不超过450 m,氨氮的最大影响距离均不超过500 m. 相似文献
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研究海水体系(即Na+,K+,Mg2+,Ca2+∥Cl-,$SO_{4}^{2-}$-H2O六元体系)中杂卤石的形成条件不仅有助于理解海相蒸发盐成因,对开发杂卤石钾资源利用技术也具有重要的指导作用。但杂卤石以及其他含有硫酸钙矿物(如二水石膏、半水石膏、无水石膏、钾石膏、多钙钾石膏、钙芒硝和水钙芒硝)的相平衡,无论是在实验研究方面还是在热力学模拟方面都仍然存在很多争议。由于缺乏杂卤石在复杂水溶液体系中可靠的相平衡数据,使人们对认识杂卤石成因和利用杂卤石钾资源带来巨大障碍。本工作对海水体系中杂卤石的形成条件进行了热力学模拟和实验研究。超过一年的长时间固液平衡实验表明25 ℃下Na+,K+,Mg2+,Ca2+∥Cl-,$SO_{4}^{2-}$-H2O六元体系中杂卤石的形成区域极为可观,且较前人实验结果均大数倍;同时证实了热力学模型预测结果的可靠性。这些结果为讨论盐矿床中杂卤石的形成条件提供了物理化学依据。25 ℃下可靠的热力学信息表明:杂卤石与其他盐类矿物的共生情况丰富多样,并且与前人看法不同,杂卤石的形成并不需要极高的钾、镁浓度。这给以杂卤石为指示寻找可溶性固体钾盐带来了挑战,但却指示了以杂卤石为线索更容易找到钾、镁盐未饱和的富钾卤水。 相似文献
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Temporal changes in leachate chemistry of a municipal solid waste landfill cell in Florida,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Evaluation of 12 years of landfill leachate chemical data from a lined cell of municipal waste in south Florida, USA shows an overall declining trend in major ion chemistry. The leachate is dominantly Cl, Na, HCO3 and organic solutes. There are significant short-term variations in concentration that appear to be related to rainfall, rather than fundamental changes to leachate composition. Inorganic parameters related to pH, such as alkalinity, calcium, and magnesium appear to be chemically buffered. Chromium, cobalt, vanadium, zinc, and the metalloid boron display significant short-term co-variance with a decreasing trend. Iron and manganese concentrations increased significantly after capping. Based on the predominance of ammonia, historic methane generation, and increasing trends for iron and manganese after closure, the landfill cell has an anaerobic (reducing) interior environment. The reducing conditions were enhanced by capping and caused the most redox sensitive metals (manganese and iron) to become more mobile. 相似文献
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Evaluation of analyses of leachate for inorganic constituents, from selected landfills in Illinois indicates that leachate
quality is variable and is strongly affected by waste type and cover material. Twenty parameters were detectable in all samples,
but selenium was not detected in any of the samples analyzed. More than 98% of the mean leachate composition was comprised,
in descending order, of total alkalinity (bicarbonate plus carbonate), sulfate, sodium plus potassium, calcium plus magnesium,
chloride, and iron plus managese. Excluding iron, trace metals contributed less than one percent to the total; of these, copper,
zinc and boron were most significant.
Based on milliequivalents per liter of major constituents, approximately 73 percent of the cations and 92% of the anions fall
within the concentration range of potable waters. Heavy metals, organics, suspended matter, microorganisms, odor and color
are among the objectionable qualities of leachate which should not be present in potable waters.
In assessing the impact of leachate on ground-water quality, use of indicator parameters in place of comprehensive analyses
for routine water samples is frequently desirable in the interest of both time and economics. Availability, mobility, persistence,
analyticity and contrast of concentrations in leachate and ground water are important factors to consider in selection of
an indicator. Boron, iron, ammonia and total dissolved solids appear to be reliable parameters for indicating ground-water
pollution by leachate. Chloride and hardness may also be useful under certain conditions. Sulfate was the least reliable parameter
considered. Although many of the trace elements in leachate exceed Illinois Environmental Protection Agency Public Water Supply
Standards in more than 50% of the samples, these elements are most useful as indicators when a waste rich in trace elements
is deposited in a landfill of unfavorable hydrogeology. 相似文献
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The migration of contaminants through a 2.9 m thick compacted clay liner (CCL) for a landfill leachate lagoon is examined 14 years after construction. The clay liner formed the lower portion of the composite liner system but the geomembrane (GM) was found to have defects that had allowed leachate to migrate between the GM and CCL. Chloride, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium pore water profiles through the CCL are examined. It is shown that chloride migrated approximately 1.7 m into the CCL during the 14 years of the lagoon operation, sodium approximately 1.2 m, and potassium 0.7 m. Diffusion and sorption data from laboratory diffusion testing are utilized in combination with a finite layer contaminant transport model to predict field contaminant migration profiles through the composite liner system and to establish the time of ‘failure’ of the geomembrane at sometime between 0 and 6 years after installation. Relatively high sorptive uptake of potassium by the CCL soil is observed from batch testing and diffusion testing with field data suggesting an even larger amount of sorption. It is hypothesized that organic sludge matter at the base of the lagoon is responsible for potassium uptake from the leachate. This field case highlights the importance of the compacted clay liner as part of the composite liner system in acting as a diffusion barrier during the lifetime of the lagoon as well as using relatively non-conservative contaminants such as chloride and sodium to estimate geomembrane ‘failure’ times 相似文献
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矿渣磷酸镁水泥的力学性能和水化机理 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以高炉矿渣作为磷酸镁水泥(MPC)的活性混合材料,研究了MPC的凝固时间、力学性能、物相组成和显微结构,并探讨了矿渣MPC的作用机理。实验固定磷镁比为25%,硼镁比为7.5%,矿渣掺量分别为磷镁总质量的0%、10%、20%、30%和40%。结果表明,矿渣参与了水化反应并提高了MPC的胶凝性能,随着矿渣掺量增大,矿渣MPC的抗压强度提高,但矿渣水化产生的膨胀应力会破坏MPC的内部结构,因此其抗折强度随矿渣掺量增大而降低。矿渣MPC的主要水化产物为六水合磷酸镁铵(MgNH4PO4.6H2O),矿渣的掺入使凝胶相增加,并有部分Ca2+进入MgNH4PO4.6H2O晶格,使水化产物的形貌、大小发生变化。样品中剩余较多死烧镁和矿渣颗粒,可起骨料作用。 相似文献
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依据实际调查数据,采用单因子污染指数分析法确定了生活垃圾填埋场地下水中主要污染物、污染程度和污染范围,并进行了土壤和地下水污染耦合性分析,研究结果表明：该生活垃圾填埋场地下水污染物主要为氨氮、总氮、高锰酸盐、锰、挥发酚和氟化物,其污染指数最大值分别为1 407.24、745.00、137.12、97.50、3.60和1.68,污染区总面积0.168 km2;填埋场下游沟谷纵向上,总氮、锰两项指标在土壤中的含量与地下水中浓度变化趋势一致;其污染途径主要为库区防渗层破损,渗滤液垂向沿基岩风化裂隙进入地下含水层,以连续渗漏的方式不断污染地下水,污染物在地下水径流作用下向拦挡坝下游不断迁移。 相似文献
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The treatment of landfill leachate by reverse osmosis (RO) generates huge volumes of heavily polluted concentrate that has to be properly treated before its discharge into the environment. The aim of this work was to assess the solidification/stabilization (S/S) treatment of the leachate concentrate (LC) for chemical/physical immobilization of contaminants and for obtaining durable monolithic matrix suitable for storage, landfilling, or use. In addition, the possible use of brick waste as a partial replacement of natural aggregates used for S/S process was investigated. Concrete mixtures were prepared using local PC, sand, gravel, and tap water/LC. The substitution of coarse aggregate material by brick waste was examined for the replacement ratios 25, 50, and 75%. Hardened concrete specimens were subject to compressive test as well as flexural strength test at 7 and 28 days. Besides, a leaching test was performed, and the collected eluates were analyzed for pH, total dissolved solids, chemical oxygen demand, chlorides, sulfates, phosphorus, and heavy metals. The aggregate replacement with brick waste showed various trends according to the substituted fraction size and ratio. A 28-day compressive strength of more than 25 MPa was obtained even at 50% simultaneous substitution of PC, gravel, and sand. Leaching test analysis confirmed that S/S could be a successful treatment for RO LC decreasing most of the pollutants to comply with landfilling criteria, except for chromium known to be mobile at high pH. Furthermore, the substitution of natural aggregates with brick waste revealed the possibility to cast valuable masonry units. However, a long-term assessment is still needed to ensure the mechanical and chemical stability/durability of concrete. 相似文献
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选用细砂、粉砂、粘土和土壤为材料,通过4个系列的静态实验来研究不同岩性的垃圾渗滤液污染场地中pH、NO3-N、NH4-N、有机质及生物活性随时间的变化趋势及其相关性分析。实验结果表明,对于4种介质的pH而言,细砂>粉砂>粘土>土壤;对于NH4-N、有机质和生物活性而言,均为土壤>粘土>粉砂>细砂;而对于NO3-N而言,实验初期是土壤>粘土>粉砂>细砂,中期是细砂>粉砂>粘土>土壤,末期是土壤>细砂>粉砂>粘土。同时,综合4种介质中各指标的时间变化趋势利用SPSS进行相关性分析得到,在模拟垃圾渗滤液的污染场地中pH与有机质有很好的负相关性,相关系数为-0.649;有机质与生物活性有很好的正相关性,相关系数为0.640;NH4-N与生物活性有很好的正相关性,相关系数为0.757。 相似文献
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Maroua El Ouaer Amjad Kallel Mariam Kasmi Abdennaceur Hassen Ismail Trabelsi 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(20):457
The potential of the autoclaved Tunisian landfill leachate treatment using microalgae (Chlorella sp.) cultivation was investigated in this study. Landfill leachate was collected from Borj Chakir landfill, Tunisia. A full factorial experimental design 22 was proposed to study the effects of the incubation time and leachate ratio factors on the organic matter removal expressed in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammoniacal nitrogen (NH4─N) and on the biological response of Chlorella sp. expressed by the cell density and chlorophyll content. All experiments were batch runs at ambient temperature (25 ± 2 °C). The Chlorella sp. biomass and chlorophyll a concentrations of 1.2 and 5.32 mg L?1, respectively, were obtained with 10% leachate spike ratio. The obtained results showed that up to 90% of the ammoniacal nitrogen in landfill leachate was removed in 10% leachate ratio spiked medium with a residual concentration of 40 mg L?1. The maximum COD removal rate reached 60% within 13 days of incubation time indicating that microalgae consortium was quite effective for treating landfill leachate organic contaminants. Furthermore, with the 10% leachate ratio spiked medium, the maximum lipid productivity was 4.74 mg L?1 d?1. The present study provides valuable information for potential adaptation of microalgae culture and its contribution for the treatment of Tunisian landfill leachate. 相似文献