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1.
《Marine pollution bulletin》2012,64(5-12):578-582
Hydrophobic organic contaminants in marine water are mostly adsorbed onto (partitioned into) sediment organic matter (SOM). To study the impact of SOM diagenesis on sediment adsorption properties, artificial sediment with rich SOM content was incubated for more than 120 days. The sediment was sampled every week, and batch sediment adsorption tests were conducted with bisphenol A (BPA) and nonylphenol (NP) as the model pollutants. The results show that the amount of organic matter loaded in the sediment decreased by nearly 80% during incubation. For the incubated sediment, the BPA partition coefficient, Kd, decreased whereas the organic normalized partition coefficient, Koc, more than doubled. The experiments with NP show an even greater increase in Koc. Organic matter diagenesis shows a profound effect on the adsorption behavior of sediment, as the SOM residue has an increasing affinity and partition capacity for organic contaminants. 相似文献
2.
为了研究抚仙湖紫外辐射(UVR)和光合有效辐射(PAR)衰减的时空特征及其与有色可溶性有机物(CDOM)、悬浮物(SS)、浮游植物(叶绿素a表征)等因子的关系,于2014年10月(秋季)、2015年1月(冬季)开展现场调查,结果显示:秋季不同波长(段)的漫射衰减系数Kd(305)、Kd(340)和Kd(PAR)分别为1.27±0.12、0.68±0.11和0.32±0.13 m-1,冬季分别为1.13±0.10、0.63±0.07和0.36±0.07 m-1;秋季CDOM的不同波长吸收系数ag(254)、ag(305)和ag(340)分别为4.09±0.26、1.18±0.09和0.57±0.05 m-1,冬季分别为2.95±0.24、0.61±0.11和0.11±0.07 m-1,秋季ag(254)、ag(305)和ag(340)显著高于冬季;秋季Kd(305)显著大于冬季,这与秋季(雨季)较高的CDOM丰度、浮游植物生物量(及SS浓度)有关.秋季ag(305)/Kd(305)、ag(340)/Kd(340)均显著高于冬季;秋季及秋冬季整体而言,ag(254)与Kd(305)、Kd(340)呈显著正相关,各多元逐步回归方程中均包含ag(254),说明CDOM吸收对UVR的衰减有重要贡献.空间差异方面,秋季北部的ag(254)、Kd(305)和Kd(340)显著高于南部,冬季南北部无明显差异,或与雨旱季北岸河流输入的CDOM和SS的情况有关.此外,浮游植物对UV-B衰减的影响和SS(与CDOM的交互作用)对UV-A衰减的影响更在于季节变化方面,而影响UVR、PAR衰减的各因子的相对贡献有待进一步量化. 相似文献
3.
This study aims to remove of Cu2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ ions from solution and to investigate the adsorption isotherms, adsorption kinetics, and ion‐exchange affinities of these metals using waste activated sludge (AS) biomass. The adsorptions of the metals on biomass were optimal at an acidic pH value of 6.0 based on its monolayer capacities. Maximum monolayer capacities of AS biomass (qmax) were calculated as 0.478, 0.358, and 0.280 mmol g?1 for Cu2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+, respectively, and the adsorption equilibrium time was found as 60 min for each metal. The adsorbed amount of metal rose with increasing of initial metal ion concentration. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of AS for initial 0.25 mmol L?1 metal concentration was determined as 0.200, 0.167, and 0.155 mmol g?1 for Cu2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ ions, respectively. These relevant values were determined as 0.420, 0.305, and 0.282 mmol g?1 for Cu2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ ions, respectively, when initial metal concentration was 0.50 mmol L?1. In the multi‐metal sorption system, the adsorption capacity of AS biomass was observed in the order of Cu2+ > Cd2+ > Pb2+. In the presence of 100 mmol L?1 H+ ion, the order of ion‐exchange affinity with H+ was found as Cu2+ > Cd2+ > Pb2+. The adsorption kinetics were also found to be well described by the pseudo‐second‐order and intraparticle diffusion models. Two different rate constants were obtained as ki1 and ki2 and ki1 (first stage) was found to be higher than ki2 (second stage). 相似文献
4.
青藏高原地区分布的湖泊数量众多、面积较大、分布范围广泛.受制于恶劣的自然条件,对该地区湖泊的光学吸收特性以及光合有效辐射衰减系数(Kd(PAR))的研究鲜有成果.本文依据2014和2015年间采集的13个典型高海拔、湖泊面积较大的湖库的现场实测数据和实验室测定数据,分析了采样湖库各个采样点的Kd(PAR)特征以及有色可溶性有机物(CDOM)、藻类颗粒物吸收及非色素颗粒物吸收特性,计算并分析了Kd(PAR)与透明度以及光学活性物质的关系.研究结果表明:青藏高原地区各湖库平均各项颗粒物吸收系数均较低,总颗粒物吸收系数在400~700 nm波段内不超过0.14 m~(-1)、CDOM吸收系数在355 nm波长处最高,为1.23 m~(-1)、最低接近于0、藻类颗粒物吸收特性不明显;实验数据完整的巴木错、格仁错和班公错的主导吸收组分各异,其中巴木错为CDOM吸收主导,格仁错与班公错为非色素颗粒物吸收主导;青藏高原采样湖泊总体Kd(PAR)平均值较小,仅为0.26 m~(-1),样点最大值出现在可鲁克湖(1.17 m~(-1)),最小值出现在普莫雍错(0.10 m~(-1));在采样湖泊中Kd(PAR)与透明度呈显著相关;Kd(PAR)与CDOM的相关性最强,叶绿素a浓度次之,与总悬浮颗粒物浓度的相关性最不显著. 相似文献
5.
滆湖水体光学性质初步研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
基于2009年7月至2010年6月滆湖全湖15个采样点的水体光学参数及相关水质理化因子数据,分析滆湖水体周年光合有效辐射(PAR)衰减特性,以期为滆湖沉水植物生态修复提供相关水体光学资料.结果表明,滆湖水体PAR衰减系数(Kd)周年变化范围为1.32～17.42 m-1.秋季Kd相对最小,平均值为2.35 m-1,变化范围为1.32 ～3.70 m-1;夏季Kd相对最大,平均值为6.23 m-1,变化范围为3.68～17.42 m-1.春、秋、冬季,滆湖水体真光层平均深度均满足沉水植物的生长需求,而在夏季滆湖水体真光层平均深度仅为0.84m,小于全湖平均水深(1.20 m),因此夏季PAR是限制沉水植物恢复的因子之一.滆湖水体Kd与透明度(SD)在秋、冬季的关系为:Kd =2.089 +0.705/SD.叶绿素a浓度和悬浮物浓度是影响滆湖水体Kd的重要因子之一. 相似文献
6.
In this study, the adsorption of reactive red 120 (RR 120) on pistachio husk, and the modeling of the adsorption was investigated. Characterization of the pistachio husk was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The pHzpc of pistachio husk was found to be pH 8.5. Increasing the initial pH value decreased (p < 0.01) the amount of dye adsorbed. However, increasing the initial dye concentration from 50 to 900 mg/L at pH 1 increased (p < 0.01) the equilibrium dye uptake from 20.83 to 182.10 mg/g. Results indicated that this adsorbent had great potential for the removal of RR 120 dye. The logistic model was found to be the most suitable of the kinetic and equilibrium models tested to describe the adsorption of the dye. The parameters determined from the logistic model were well correlated with the initial dye concentration, and were seen to increase with the increasing initial dye concentration, but this was not observed from pseudo‐second order kinetics. 相似文献
7.
下行漫衰减系数(K_d)是描述水下光场的重要参数,决定水体真光层深度,影响着浮游藻类初级生产力及其分布特征.基于2008—2013年太湖4次大规模野外试验数据,分析太湖水体漫衰减系数特征及其影响因素,建立适用于多种卫星数据且较高精度的太湖水体490 nm处下行漫衰减系数估算模型.结果表明:无机悬浮物是太湖水体漫衰减系数的主要影响因素;红绿波段比值(674 nm/555 nm)最适合于太湖K_d(490)估算,模型反演精度较高(N=72,R~2=0.72,RMSE=0.89 m~(-1),MAPE=21.58%);利用实测光谱数据,模拟得到MODIS/EOS、OLCI/Sentinel-3、GOCI/COMS和MSI/Sentinel-2等主要传感器波段的信号,构建适用于多种卫星传感器K_d(490)估算的红绿波段模型,建模精度较高(N=72,R~20.7,RMSE0.9 m~(-1),MAPE22.0%),且进行了验证(N=37,R~20.7,RMSE0.9 m~(-1),MAPE22.0%). 相似文献
8.
9.
Mark L. Ferrey John T. Wilson Cherri Adair Chunming Su Dennis D. Fine Xuyang Liu John W. Washington 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》2012,32(4):63-71
Microcosms were constructed with sediment from beneath a landfill that received waste containing PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid) and PFOS (perfluorooctane sulfonate). The microcosms were amended with PFOA and PFOS, and sampled after 91, 210, 343, 463, 574, and 740 d of incubation. After 740 d, selected microcosms were extracted to determine the mass of PFOA and PFOS remaining. There was no evidence for degradation of PFOA or PFOS. Over time, the aqueous concentrations of PFOA and PFOS increased in the microcosms, indicating that PFOA and PFOS that had originally sorbed to the sediment was desorbing. At the beginning of the experiment, the adsorption coefficient, Kd, averaged 0.27 L/kg for PFOA and 1.2 L/kg for PFOS. After 740 d of incubation, sorption of PFOA was not detectable and the Kd of PFOS was undetectable in two microcosms and was 0.08 L/kg in a third microcosm. During incubation, the pH of the pore water in the microcosms increased from pH 7.2 to pH ranging from 8.1 to 8.8. The zeta potential of the sediment decreased with increasing pH. These observations suggest that the sorption of PFOA and PFOS at near neutral pH was controlled by the electrostatic sorption on ferric oxide minerals, and not by the sorption to organic carbon. Accurate predictions of PFOA and PFOS mobility in ground water should be based on empirical estimates of sorption using affected aquifer sediment. 相似文献
10.
Sonia Regina Giancoli Barreto Wagner José Barreto Elisangela Manjurma Deduch 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2011,39(4):362-367
The values for the partition coefficient (Kd) were calculated for Ca, Mg, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Ni, and Zn at 19 sites in the Capivara hydroelectric reservoir in Brazil. It was found that the relative values of Kd follow the order: Cr > Mn > Fe > Cu > Zn > Ni > Pb > Ca > Cd, differing from the values reported for Kd in aquatic systems in the northern hemisphere. A hierarchical cluster analysis and linear correlations showed that Cr is strongly associated with Fe and Cu, and that Cd is the only metal found in complexation with organic matter, explaining its higher solubility. 相似文献
11.
The present investigation evaluates the adsorption effectiveness of Cd(II) ions on Ficus religiosa leaf powder (FRL). The experimental parameters chosen included time, pH, particle size, temperature, adsorbate, anion, and Pb(II) concentrations. The time data followed pseudo‐second‐order kinetics. Cd(II) adsorption increased from 1.38 to 75.17% with the increase in pH from 2 to 4 and further increase in pH to 5.5 resulted in its marginal increase to 77.52%. Based on regression coefficient values, the isothermic data fitted the various models in the order Langmuir > Redlich–Peterson > Temkin > Freundlich model. The maximum loading capacity of FRL was estimated to be 27.14 mg g?1. The presence of Cl?, , or Pb2+ exhibited adverse effect on Cd(II) uptake. The thermodynamic parameters of enthalpy (ΔH0) and entropy (ΔS0) were estimated to be 8.31 kJ mol?1 and 38.22 J mol?1 K?1, respectively. SEM‐EPMA of the loaded FRL showed Cd(II) distribution at specific sites. The XRD patterns of Cd(II) loaded FRL sample showed disappearance of some peaks corresponding to β‐Ca(PO3)2; shifting of peaks and decrease in %RI corresponding to γ‐CaSO4 phase. Positive shift of IR bands for the Cd(II) loaded sample was observed. 相似文献
12.
Yong‐Hong Lin 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2010,38(12):1111-1115
The application of potassium fertilizer by farmers is often not appropriate and causing environmental pollution. By understanding the adsorptive characteristics of potassium (K) on different soils, we can prevent excessive application of K‐fertilizer that can cause environmental impact. The Gapon exchange coefficient (KG), for exchange between K and Ca, was considered as an important factor influencing the adsorption of K. This study was conducted to compare the constant KG of five important farm soils in Taiwan. The KG and CEC were then used to predict K buffering capacity (PBC). Finally, the relationship between exchangeable K ratio (EP) and K adsorption ratio (PAR) was examined. The results show that five soils have same trends, indicating that KG decreases with increase in K saturation. The CEC and KG of Liuying (Ly) soil are both high, so that their K buffering capacity is high. The KG and CEC of Chanjing (Cj) and Sanhua (Sh) soil show moderate values. The CEC of Erling (El) soil is high, but its KG is low, so that its K buffering capacity is moderate. On the other hand, the KG of Newniaokang (Nnk) soil is high but its CEC is low, so its K buffering capacity is also moderate. The correlations between EP and PAR of five soil show linear relationship at three treatments of CaCl2 concentration. This study may provide an important clue to the fertilization management of K‐fertilizer on the different soil properties in Taiwan. 相似文献
13.
K. Anoop Krishnan K. G. Sreejalekshmi Sumol Varghese T. S. Anirudhan 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2010,38(4):361-369
Adsorptive removal of EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) from aqueous solution was studied using steam pyrolyzed activated carbon. Rubber wood sawdust, obtained from a local timber facility at Kodangavila, Trivandrum, Kerala, India was used as the precursor for the production of the activated carbon. Batch adsorption experiments were employed to monitor and optimize the removal process. The experimental parameters, i. e., solution pH, agitation time, initial EDTA concentration and adsorbent dosage, affecting the adsorption of EDTA onto sawdust activated carbon (SDAC) were optimized. The inner core mechanism for the interaction between EDTA and SDAC, which resulted in the adsorption process, was also discussed. The change in amount of EDTA adsorbed onto SDAC and CAC (commercial activated carbon) was compared over a wide range of pH (2.0–8.0). The maximum removal of EDTA took place in the pH range of 4.0–6.0 for SDAC and 5.0–5.5 for CAC, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the former adsorbent. Kinetic as well as equilibrium studies were performed to determine the rate constant and adsorption capacity, respectively. The adsorption kinetic data was fitted with pseudo‐first‐order kinetics and the equilibrium data was shown to follow the Langmuir isotherm model. These observations explain the formation of a monolayer of EDTA on the surface of SDAC as confirmed by the slow approach to equilibrium after 4 h of contact time. The adsorption capacity of SDAC for the removal of EDTA was 0.526 mmol/g and is seen to be greater than that of CAC and other reported adsorbents (0.193–0.439 mmol/g). Finally, it is clear that the production of steam pyrolyzed activated carbon in the presence of K2CO3 greatly enhanced EDTA removal and resulted in a product with possible commercial value for wastewater treatment strategies. 相似文献
14.
A magnetic‐sulfonic graphene nanocomposite (G‐SO3H/Fe3O4) was synthesized and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. It was used for removal of three cationic dyes: safranine T (ST), neutral red (NR), victoria blue (VB), and three anionic dyes: methyl orange, brilliant yellow, and alizarin red, from environmental water. The experimental conditions were optimized, including pH, amount of adsorbent, adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherms, ionic strength, etc. The results show that G‐SO3H/Fe3O4 can adsorb cationic dyes more efficiently and selectively than anionic dyes at pH 6.0. In the first 10 min of adsorption time, more than 93% of the cationic dyes were removed by the sorbent. Adsorption kinetics follow the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model well. The adsorption isotherm coincided with Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models. The maximum adsorption capacities of G‐SO3H/Fe3O4 for ST, NR, and VB dyes were 199.3, 216.8, and 200.6 mg g?1. The adsorbed cationic dyes were eluted by using different pH values of ethanol as the solvent. The established method was simple, sensitive, and rapid, and was suitable for the adsorption of cationic dyes in environmental water. 相似文献
15.
Guohui Wang Richelle M. Allen‐King Sungwook Choung Stanley Feenstra Robert Watson Michael Kominek 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》2013,33(1):87-96
In this study, we tested a practical strategy useful for accurate chlorinated volatile organic compound (cVOC) sorption prediction. Corresponding to the feature of the superposition of adsorption due to thermally altered carbonaceous matter (TACM) with organic carbon‐water partitioning, a nonlinear Freundlich sorption isotherm covering a wide range of aqueous concentrations was defined by equilibrium sorption measurement at one or a few low concentration points with extrapolation to the empirical organic carbon‐water partition coefficient (Koc,e) near compound solubility. We applied this approach to obtain perchloroethene equilibrium sorption isotherm parameters for TACM‐containing glacial sand and gravel subsoil samples from a field site in New York. Sorption and associated Koc,c applicable to low (5–500 µg/L) and high (>100,000 µg/L) aqueous concentrations were determined in batch experiments. (The Koc,c is the organic carbon‐normalized sorption partition coefficient corresponding to aqueous concentration Cw.) The Koc,c measurements at low concentration (~5 µg/L) were 6 to 34 times greater than the Koc,e. The importance of this type of data is illustrated through presentation of its substantial impact on the site remedy. In so doing, we provide an approach that is broadly applicable to cVOC field sites with similar circumstances (low carbon content glacial sand and gravel with TACM). 相似文献
16.
This paper deals with kinetics and equilibrium studies on the adsorption of arsenic species from simulated groundwater containing arsenic (As(III)/As(V), 1:1), Fe, and Mn in concentrations of 0.188, 2.8, and 0.6 mg/L, respectively, by Ca2+ impregnated granular activated charcoal (GAC‐Ca). Effects of agitation period and initial arsenic concentration on the removal of arsenic species have also been described. Although, most of the arsenic species are adsorbed within 10 h of agitation, equilibrium reaches after ～24 h. Amongst various kinetic models investigated, the pseudo second order model is more adequate to explain the adsorption kinetics and film diffusion is found to be the rate controlling step for the adsorption of arsenic species on GAC‐Ca. Freundlich isotherm is adequate to explain the adsorption equilibrium. However, empirical polynomial isotherm gives more accurate prediction on equilibrium specific uptakes of arsenic species. Maximum specific uptake (qmax) for the adsorption of As(T) as obtained from Langmuir isotherm is 135 µg/g. 相似文献
17.
Pesticide sorption on to the soil has a significant role in deciding the fate and behavior of pesticides in soil and aquatic environment. The present study investigates the adsorption of monocrotophos (MCP) and dichlorvos (DDVP) on the three soils of Malwa region of Punjab, India under different conditions. Batch adsorption experiments were preformed in replicates using 2 g of air‐dried soil and varying concentrations of pesticides and 20 mL of 0.01 M CaCl2 as background electrolyte. The results revealed high adsorption of MCP and DDVP in soil B with kf‐values 0.1261 and 0.0498 and n‐values 2.7345 and 1.831, respectively. The adsorption isotherms obtained were analyzed and the data was subjected to classical Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models. The experimental data best fitted to the logarithm form of Freundlich and Temkin model. Kinetics analyses were performed using pseudo‐first order, pseudo‐second order, and intraparticle diffusion models. The regression results showed that the experimental data fitted very well with the pseudo‐second order kinetic model as correlation coefficient value is very closer to 1 and also followed the intraparticle diffusion model, whereas, diffusion is not only the rate controlling step. The percentages desorption with tap and distilled water is 32–64% for MCP and 25–48% for DDVP. 相似文献
18.
《Limnologica》2020
Light attenuation is considered as a sentinel for environmental change in lakes and has a profound influence on aquatic ecosystems. However, the spatial distribution of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) attenuation, and the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. We carried out a field investigation with 60 sampling sites covering the entire Lake Qiandaohu from November 29 to December 1, 2013, during the weak stratification period to elucidate the spatial pattern and driving mechanisms. The diffuse attenuation coefficient of UVB (Kd(313)), UVA (Kd(340)) and PAR (Kd(PAR)) varied from 1.48 to 4.63 m−1, 1.09 to 3.43 m−1, and 0.26 to 0.94 m−1, respectively. The corresponding ranges for the 1% attenuation depths were from 0.10 to 3.11 m, 1.34–4.21 m and 4.87–17.58 m, respectively. Total suspended matter (TSM) concentration was highly significantly correlated with Kd(313), Kd(340) and Kd(PAR) indicating that TSM was the main driver of UVR and PAR attenuation in Lake Qiandaohu in the late autumn and early winter. TSM concentration, Kd(313), Kd(340) and Kd(PAR) had obvious horizontal spatial heterogeneity presenting a decreasing trend from the estuary area to the center area in the lake. These results suggested that the spatial distribution of TSM from the inflow drived the spatial distribution of UVR and PAR attenuation. Significantly positive correlations were also observed between the chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) absorption coefficient and Kd(313). TSM and CDOM absorption spectra showed that in the UVR waveband (350–400 nm), the mean relative contribution rates of CDOM (ag(λ)), non-algal particles (anap(λ)), phytoplankton (aph(λ)) and pure water (aw(λ)) to the total absorption were 67.5 %, 24.0 %, 5.0 % and 3.5 %, respectively. In the PAR waveband, the mean relative contribution rates of ag(λ), anap(λ), aph(λ) and aw(λ) to the total absorption were 25.4 %, 18.6 %, 9.4 % and 46.6 %, respectively. Our findings could provide support for ecological environment protection in Lake Qiandaohu considering the importance of UVR and PAR attenuation in aquatic ecosystems. 相似文献
19.
Removal of Cadmium from Aqueous Solution Using Castor Seed Hull: A Kinetic and Equilibrium Study 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The effects of various parameters such as initial concentration, adsorbent loading, pH, and contact time on kinetics and equilibrium of adsorption of Cd2+ metal ion from its aqueous solution by castor seed hull (CSH) and also by activated carbon have been investigated by batch adsorption experiments. The amount of adsorption increases with initial metal ion concentration, contact time, solution pH, and the loading of adsorbent for both the systems. Kinetic experiments indicate that adsorption of cadmium metal ion on both CSH and on activated carbon consists of three steps – a rapid adsorption of cadmium metal ion, a transition phase, and an almost flat plateau region. This has also been confirmed by the intraparticle diffusion model. The lumped kinetic results show that the cadmium adsorption process follows a pseudo‐second order rate law. The kinetic parameters including the rate constant are determined at different initial metal ion concentrations, pH, amount, and type of adsorbent, respectively. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models are used to describe the experimental data. The Langmuir model yields a better correlation coefficient than the other model. A comparison of the monolayer adsorption capacity (qm) of CSH, activated carbon, and several other reported adsorbents has been provided. The value of separation factor (RL) calculated from the Langmuir equation also gives an indication of favorable adsorption of the metal ion. From comparative studies, it has been found that CSH is a potentially attractive adsorbent than commercial activated carbon for cadmium metal ion (Cd2+) removal. 相似文献
20.
Sulfur removal using adsorption requires a proper process parametric study to determine its optimal performance characteristics. In this study, response surface methodology was employed for sulfur removal from model oil (dibenzothiophene; DBT dissolved in iso‐octane) using commercial activated carbon (CAC) as an adsorbent. Experiments were carried out as per central composite design with four input parameters such as initial concentration (C0: 100–900 mg/L), adsorbent dosage (m: 2–22 g/L), time of adsorption (t: 15–735 min), and temperature (T: 10–50°C). Regression analysis showed good fit of the experimental data to the second‐order polynomial model with coefficient of determination R2‐value of 0.9390 and Fisher F‐value of 16.5. The highest removal of sulfur by CAC was obtained with m = 20 g/L, t = 6 h, and T = 30°C. 相似文献