共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
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《矿产与地质》2021,(3)
昆明市广泛分布第四系古滇池冲洪积层与湖积层,通过采用静载加压、桩身应力测试方法,以获取桩端承载力及桩侧摩阻力。单桩承载力(轴向压力)在桩顶呈现最大,一般为顶压力的60%～80%,随着深度增加,承载力(轴向压力)近似直线下降,到达桩底时轴向压力最小,最小值接近桩顶压力的1%。物理力学指标高的(岩)土层侧摩阻力特征值较大。沿桩身随着深度增加,一定埋深、一定层位的土层侧摩阻力发挥较好,表现为近桩顶的土层摩阻力发挥充分,近桩底的土层随着极限荷载的临近可逐步有一定发挥,但桩身中部的土层一般很难提供出该类土层具有的极限侧摩阻力。通过对建筑物工程桩在该类地层荷载传递特性研究,为该地区工程桩的合理选型、提供了可靠的参考依据,同时对类似工程设计有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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安哥拉格埃路地层（Quelo）棕红色砂土形成年代较长,低含水率下地基承载力较高,但遇水后地基承载力降低幅度较大,地基处理方案常有争议。大量的工程实践和专项研究表明,地基土的承载力与含水率有明显的相关性,通过探井取样和原位测试,查明了地基土的物理力学特性,分析不同含水率条件下的静力触探试验(CPT)和平板载荷试验(PLT)数据,建立了适用于该地层的地基承载力与含水率的幂函数关系式以及地基承载力与锥头阻力的线性经验公式。静力触探试验结果表明,地层锥头阻力qc和侧壁摩阻力fs随深度增加而逐渐提高,土质均匀,但摩阻比Rf较小。分析认为,采用不经碾压的砂土作为地基,具有较高的风险;对于多层及9～13层建筑的地基处理,采用换填垫层法较桩基更合理。 相似文献
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基于桩身应力测试的静压PHC管桩贯入机制 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
压桩过程中PHC管桩侧摩阻力与端阻力的分离是制约其贯入机制及承载力研究的瓶颈。通过桩身预埋准分布式FBG光纤传感器,对贯入成层土地基中5根足尺开口PHC管桩侧摩阻力及端阻力发展变化情况进行了监测。试验表明,准分布式光纤传感测试技术现场可操作性强,粗放施工环境下贯入阻力分离效果较为理想。成层土地基中压桩力曲线基本反映地层土性变化,桩端土层性状对压桩力影响较大。硬质土层界面处试桩压桩力平均增幅约为64.06%,端阻力受地层变化影响更为显著,平均增长幅度约为97.41%,侧摩阻力平均增长幅度约为17.92%;桩端位于非硬质土层试桩压桩力变化不明显。贯入过程中现场足尺试验桩身应力变化不同于室内模型试验,桩身上、下部侧摩阻力发挥的力学机制不同。受现场粗放施工条件及深度方向土层变化影响,贯入成层土地基中桩侧摩阻力临界深度现象不明显。 相似文献
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在岩土工程设计中,准确地衡量土层参数的空间变异性决定了设计结构的可靠性和经济性,土参数的自相关距离是反映其空间变异性的一个重要指标。目前对于自相关距离与结构可靠性之间的关系的研究还很不完善。本文以单桩可靠性设计为例,选取工程场地的静力触探试验数据,引入随机场理论描述侧摩阻力和锥尖阻力的分布特征,利用递推平均法计算各地基土层侧摩阻力和锥尖阻力的自相关距离,在描述土层侧摩阻力和锥尖阻力的分布特征时考虑了自相关距离的影响,进一步结合蒙特卡洛法计算单桩的可靠指标。结果表明土参数取值考虑自相关距离的影响后,降低了土参数分布的离散程度,计算的单桩可靠指标更高。在保证桩基安全度的前提下,设计结果能够降低工程成本。 相似文献
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参照现有的静力法计算桩侧摩阻力的公式,提出了根据固结快剪c、j指标计算桩侧摩阻力的计算公式,其中有多个参数待定。根据收集到的上海地区19个工程摩擦型预制桩的试桩成果,采用最小二乘法,确定了上海地区主要软土层的待定参数,由统计得到的桩侧摩阻力的计算公式,计算出各试桩在各主要软土层的桩侧摩阻力和各试桩的极限承载力。结果表明,同一土层的各试桩桩侧摩阻力相关性较好,基本符合正态分布规律;单桩承载力计算值与实测值之间的误差较小;用上海地区主要软土层固结快剪c、j指标的上下限可以计算得到桩侧摩阻力上下限,根据19个工程统计得到的平均桩侧摩阻力在上下限之间;桩侧摩阻力的深度效应不明显,桩端持力层条件对桩侧摩阻力发挥有影响。 相似文献
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桩入土前后软土地基Ps值的对比试验研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
软土中摩擦桩承载力随时间而增加的现象,早已为人们所认识。从20世纪40年代以来,国内外岩土工程界惯用静荷载法,对不同类型、不同长度的桩,在不同土层中进行对比试验,获得了软土中摩擦桩承载力随时间而增加的实际资料。笔者结合工程实践,应用静力触探法,进行桩入土前后Ps值增加的对比试验研究。根据Ps值的增幅,计算不同土层中桩侧摩阻力的增幅,而后确定摩擦桩承载力随时间而增长的幅度。同时,可以根据Ps值的增幅,判定砂性土层液化指数的降幅和Es的增幅。 相似文献
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CSAMT 法在辽西康杖子区深部探矿中的应用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)具有探测深度大、横向分辨率高、抗干扰能力强的特点,在深部找矿勘探中有着重要的指导意义。肖家营子铜钼矿床是辽西地区一个大型矽卡岩型金属矿床,大部分矿体是隐伏矿体,矿区外围的康杖子区与本区有相似的成矿地质环境,成矿地质条件优越.矿体与围岩电性差异明显,通过应用CSAMT,矿体具有低电阻特点,根据成果推断解释,对深部有利成矿部位进行了钻探验证,取得了理想的探矿效果,在矿区外围取得第二深度空间找矿重大突破。 相似文献
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Julie Okpala 《GeoJournal》1990,20(1):37-43
This paper traces the development of geographic education in Nigeria and examines the views of geographers, other academics,
students and the public at large about the importance of geography. Geography's value is immense despite the non-professional
nature of the discipline. Nevertheless, there is a need to define geography's status and ensure career prospects for students.
The Nigerian Geographical Association (from classroom teaachers to top geographers) must promote geography, improve its status
in schools and universities, and continuously restructure its content and methods to address pertinent social needs. 相似文献
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Trends in landslide occurrence in Nepal 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
David N. Petley Gareth J. Hearn Andrew Hart Nicholas J. Rosser Stuart A. Dunning Katie Oven Wishart A. Mitchell 《Natural Hazards》2007,43(1):23-44
Nepal is a mountainous, less developed kingdom that straddles the boundary between the Indian and Himalayan tectonic plates.
In Nepal, landslides represent a major constraint on development, causing high levels of economic loss and substantial numbers
of fatalities each year. There is a general consensus that the impacts of landslides in countries such as Nepal are increasing
with time, but until now there has been little or no quantitative data to support this view, or to explain the causes of the
increases. In this paper, a database of landslide fatalities in Nepal has been compiled and analysed for the period 1978–2005.
The database suggests that there is a high level of variability in the occurrence of landslides from year to year, but that
the overall trend is upward. Analyses of the trends in the data suggest that there is a cyclicity in the occurrence of landslide
fatalities that strongly mirrors the cyclicity observed in the SW (summer) monsoon in South Asia. Perhaps surprisingly the
relationship is inverse, but this is explained through an inverse relationship between monsoon strength and the amount of
precipitation in the Hill District areas of Nepal. It is also clear that in recent years the number of fatalities has increased
dramatically over and above the effects of the monsoon cycle. Three explanations are explored for this: land-use change, the
effects of the ongoing civil war in Nepal, and road building. It is concluded that a major component of the generally upward
trend in landslide impact probably results from the rural road-building programme, and its attendant changes to physical and
natural systems. 相似文献
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2010年,美国铀矿总共施工7 209个钻孔,总进尺1 493 520 m;生产铀1 628.55 t;铀矿业总支出费用为2.773亿美元,其中铀矿地勘费支出为3 450万美元,占铀矿业总费用的12.44%。铀矿地勘钻探费用为4 460万美元,占铀矿业总费用的16.08%。 相似文献
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硫代砷是富硫化物地下水中砷的重要形态,对环境和人类健康有潜在威胁。目前硫代砷研究程度尚低,本次主要针对国内外地下水（地热水）中硫代砷的存在形态,水文—生物—环境地球化学过程,样品保存,定量检测方法等方面进行研究。结论如下:pH, 氧化还原电位,硫化物含量和微生物作用等是影响地下水中硫代砷稳定存在和形态分布的重要因素。含铁矿物能与水中的硫代砷形成配位键对其进行吸附,吸附性普遍弱于（亚）砷酸盐,因此,地下水中硫代砷可能表现出更强的迁移性。用于硫代砷检测的自然水样在采集中可采取过滤,速冻,厌氧和低温短期保存的操作流程,以减缓该形态的转化甚至消失。色谱联用ICP-MS系统可用于自然水样中硫代砷的分离定量检测,紫外—可见分光光度法和X射线吸收光谱法在不同场景下也可对硫代砷进行定量和表征分析。地热水和浅层地下水中均可能存在硫代砷,由于水样中硫代砷的不稳定性,室内检测和分析难以准确反映现场过程,因此,野外样品保存技术和现场检测方法的更新可能在未来有更大研究空间,值得进一步探索。 相似文献
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Takeshi Nose Dr. 《GeoJournal》1985,10(3):261-276
Conclusions During the last ten years, aquaculture, especially mariculture has undergone remarkable expansion to counter-balance the gap between the supply and demand of fishery products in Japan. Its expansion has also been supported by the traditional preference of the Japanese people for seafood. Mariculture is now being forced to change its structure due to adverse economic circumstances such as the rise in the cost of energy, feeds and other materials for culture, low market prices, deterioration of environmental conditions, and many other factors. Before these constraints can be resolved, advanced scientific knowledge and technologies must be integrated to develop new types of aquaculture. Expansion of maricultural activities to more open-sea and off shore areas would be one route to follow. Technologies for the development of formulated diets not only for young but also for adults and larvae, establishment of feeding standards, prevention of epizootic diseases must support the establishment of modern aquaculture.The culture-based fisheries, or marine ranching, is becoming a subject for further development in Japan. Much research work has been conducted with a great degree of governmental support. Establishment of a net work of seedstock production farms has made it possible to carry out releasing experiments on a large scale. A newly integrated restoration system could be developed on the basis of these experiments, even though the profits resulting from the artificial restoration of stocks is not thouroughly verified at present. The commencement of a national scheme for culture-based fisheries would be a manifestation of the enthusiasm of the Japanese fish industry. 相似文献
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Radon is a radioactive gas emanating naturally from uranium rich granites and shales. It may be emitted from the ground surface into the atmosphere as a gas, or it may be dissolved into stream water and transported over distance. The levels of radon gas in soils at ground surface depend on a number of factors relating to the source of the gas and to its transmission. Igneous rocks contain the highest mean concentrations of radium and uranium. The depth of cover is relevant also. Surveys over the years by the National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) and others have indicated that the highest concentrations in the United Kingdom occur in Cornwall, Devon and northeast Scotland. However, recent reports have indicated that high concentrations of the gas may be detected in small pockets in counties outside of those considered at high risk. This survey relates to a series of measurements taken in and around Darlington, County Durham. The results showed the presence of small areas with strong concentrations of radon in soil gas, but only minor levels of dissolved gas in stream waters. 相似文献
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内蒙古苏尼特地下水氟污染形成机理研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
为了研究内蒙古苏尼特地区地下水氟污染机理,本文运用水文地球化学分类方法,从水文地质、水化学特征两方面研究其地下水的水质特征、氟的起源、分布规律及污染形成机理。研究结果发现:高氟地下水的主要水质类型为HCO3—Na型,pH值在7.08～9.38之间,氟浓度与井深有关,即井越浅,氟浓度越高;地下水中氟浓度最高达14.78mg/L,5～9月地下水氟浓度相对增长率在7.8～23.1之间;F-浓度与Li+、Br-相关系数达0.89和0.82,受断层影响的深层地下水中F-浓度几乎与Li+、Br-没有相关关系,这暗示着氟来源于浅部,并受到强烈的蒸发作用影响而使水中的氟浓缩;地质调查发现该地区还有数个萤石矿存在,显微镜分析结果证实表层土壤中普遍存在CaF2,地下水中的氟来自CaF2。高氟地下水存在于潜水层,深部含水层的地下水可供开采。从断层带涌出的水对潜水层有稀释作用。 相似文献