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1.
ENSO循环相关的海洋异常信号传播特征及其机制 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过分析最新的海洋模式同化资料(EstimatingtheCirculationandClimateoftheOcean,EC CO),研究了ENSO循环相关的海洋异常信号在太平洋中的传播过程。研究发现,导致ENSO位相变化的温跃层异常信号主要从北太平洋西传而来,该区与赤道东太平洋相反的温跃层异常信号到达西太暖池区,再从西太暖池沿赤道传到东太平洋,可使ENSO向反位相发展。该异常信号沿赤道东传过程中热带西南太平洋也会出现类似的温跃层异常变化,但是随着异常信号东移和从南太平洋东边界10°S左右传来的反异常信号入侵,热带西南太平洋的异常信号逐渐减弱并消失。稳定性分析表明,北太平洋较大面积区域存在斜压不稳定性或正压不稳定性,有利于ENSO相关的温跃层异常信号以Rossby波形式有效地西传;而在南太平洋,不稳定区的面积较小,且主要局限于海盆东侧,因而传播较弱,这样就造成了ENSO信号在太平洋南、北半球的非对称传播。一般来说,ENSO信号主要在以赤道波导区、东边界、北太平洋纬向区域和西边界组成的回路中循环,在南半球的传播不明显。 相似文献
2.
太平洋东边界波浪输运 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过计算2000年涌浪指标(swell index)的全球分布,发现太平洋东边界赤道附近区域存在涌浪池.利用ECMWF再分析波浪资料,计算出2000年全球月平均波浪体积输运.比较2000年全球月平均波浪体积输运和2000年QUICKSCAT月平均风场,发现在赤道太平洋东边界涌浪池区域内的波浪输运方向和风向存在很大的差别,两者方向相差大约90°.这进一步验证了该地区涌浪池存在的真实性.研究发现,赤道太平洋东边界涌浪主要来源于北太平洋和南太平洋的西风带对应的海区.在涌浪池区域内分别在2.5°S和2.5°N取两条边界(边界起点为125°W,终点为美洲大陆西边界),计算通过这两条边界进入赤道区域涌浪的Stokes体积净输运量.结果表明,不同月份通过南、北两条边界波浪的净输运量与当月南、北太平洋西风带的风浪强度密切相关.同时指出了,涌浪的体积输运将会对大洋环流系统产生潜在的重要影响. 相似文献
3.
4.
以英国 OCCAM(The Ocean Circulation and Climate Advanced Modeling Project)全球环流模式的 1 994年计算结果作为初始场和边界条件 ,用 POM模式 ,对东中国海黑潮季节变化进行了数值模拟 ,特别注意了海水运动的混沌特点和质点移动轨迹。研究结果表明 :东海黑潮区地形引起的黑潮流剪切是导致混沌的主要原因 ;东海黑潮区混沌运动有明显的季节变化 ;黑潮主轴区基本是输运的屏障区。 相似文献
5.
气候平均风场作用下热带太平洋主流系和赤道行星波研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
将两层约化重力原始流体动力方程耦合气候月平均风场,数值计算流场基本能够正反反映带太平洋上层主流系和温跃层的空间分布和季节变化,在气候平均条件下,东太平洋１２５°Ｗ附近经向风应力可激发出高阶混合Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ重力波,海洋高阶赤道Ｋｅｌｖｉｎ波流速模态可从西太平洋边界传播到东太平洋边界,而高阶赤道Ｋｅｌｖｉｎ波温跃层模态从西太平洋边界东传后,在中太平洋肥到高阶混合Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ重力波诱发的西传温跃层扰动的 相似文献
6.
赤道太平洋海温的东西振荡及其模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对137°E剖面不同深度的海温资料进行了比较细致的整理和分析,发现热带西太平洋海温敏感区(约在6°N,125～150m处)的海温(WSST)与赤道东太平洋海温之间存在着明显的反位相变化关系.在对赤道太平洋海、气运动的基本特征进行分析的基础上,设计了一个简单的二维海气耦合模式.用此模式模拟出在赤道太平洋中存在一类似于大气中Walker环流的赤道太平洋环流,其强弱变化造成了赤道太平洋海温的东西振荡. 相似文献
7.
利用热带海洋和全球大气试验(TOGA)期间(1980～1996年)热带大气海洋观测阵(TAO)的长期浮标资料,分析了赤道行星波对西赤道太平洋暖池热传播的作用。结果表明,西赤道太平洋暖池纬向热传播主要出现在次表层水体中,并沿温跃层向东传播;而向西传播的季节热结构变化主要出现在中、西赤道太平洋的混合层中;驻波型传播在西赤道太平洋主要出现于温跃层,在中赤道太平洋主要出现于混合层和温跃层,在东赤道太平洋主要出现于混合层。在平均条件下,赤道太平洋上层水温纬向热传播信号以驻波型和东传型较强,西传型较弱。赤道Kelvin波压力分量贯穿西、东赤道太平洋并向东输送暖池热能,纬向流分量的热输送主要出现在西赤道太平洋;Rossby波压力分量的热输送主要出现在东、中赤道太平洋;混合Rossby重力波激发纬向流的热输送作用比相应温跃层扰动强。在平均条件下,赤道太平洋上层水温的驻波型变化制约了西赤道太平洋暖池热量的持续向东输送,因此形成了赤道太平洋水温的正常季节变化形态。当水温的驻波型变化减弱而东传型变化加强时,随后将形成厄尔尼诺现象。 相似文献
8.
利用小波分析方法,对2003-2008年周平均的Argo(地转海洋学实时观测阵)海温资料进行了分析,给出了全球上层海温年周期和半年周期振荡的空间分布特征.结果表明,南北半球中高纬地区以表层海温的年周期变化为主,在低纬度地区,表层海温以半年周期为主,而温跃层附近海温既有年周期也有半年周期(赤道太平洋、东南印度洋和赤道西大西洋以年周期为主;赤道东、西印度洋以半年周期为主).南北半球中高纬的年周期海温和北半球中纬度的半年周期海温在表层范围最大,显著性最高,强度最强,位相最前.随深度的增加,范围减小,显著性降低,强度减弱,位相滞后.信号主要集中在水深50 m以上,影响深度在150m以浅;赤道附近的太平洋和热带东南印度洋的年周期海温以及赤道东、西印度洋的半年周期海温在水深100m范围最大,显著性最高,强度最强,位相最前,信号主要集中在温跃层附近,影响深度均可达500m. 相似文献
9.
热带非稳定波（ＴＩＷｓ）关于赤道的径向不对称是其突出特征之一。本文利用二层半线性海洋模式研究各种不对称背景条件对非稳定波不对称性的影响。结果表明，在大西洋和太平洋上热带非稳定波（ＴＩＷｓ）的不对称性似是由于南赤道流的两个分支和海面温度锋面对于赤道的不对称性，而不是由于北赤道逆流的出现。 相似文献
10.
风生跨赤道输运是联系南北半球物质和能量交换的重要物理过程。本文通过理想模式实验,分析了定常风强迫下理想海盆风生环流的跨赤道输运结构,发现在传统热带流胞之外,存在连接南北半球的非对称环流,影响赤道两侧上升流,使得在风应力较弱的北半球存在比风应力较强的南半球更强的上升流,同时赤道存在表层向南深层向北的经向流,赤道区域表层与下层经向流速辐散位置偏离赤道位于1°N左右的北半球。进一步分析其成因,发现在赤道区域纬向动量方程中非线性项在赤道区域与科氏力项量级相当,非线性作用的经向输运是造成赤道非对称结构形成的主要原因。 相似文献
11.
A simulation is conducted with a realistic ocean general circulation model to investigate the three dimensional spreading of a passive tracer prescribed at the sea surface with the same distribution as the interdecadal sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies observed in the North Pacific. The tracers reaching the equator have the same sign as the major oval-shaped SST anomaly pattern in the central North Pacific but with a magnitude reduced less than 10% of the mid-latitude SST anomaly. The mixing both with the water containing SST anomalies of an opposite sign off the west coast of North America, and with the Southern Hemisphere thermocline water both contribute to the reduced equatorial amplitude. On the way to the equator in the southwestern part of the subtropical gyre, the subducted water is replenished by tracers leaking from the recirculation region to the north. The simulated passive tracer field in the subsurface layers agrees with the observed interdecadal temperature anomalies, suggesting the relevance of the processes studied here to the thermocline variability in the real North Pacific. 相似文献
12.
Two different methods of estimating the water exchange through the Baltic coastal region of Laxemar have been used, consisting of particle trajectories and passive tracers. Water is traced from and to a small discharge region near the coast. The discharge material in this region is treated as zero-dimensional particles or tracers with neutral buoyancy. The real discharge material could be a leakage of radio-nuclides through the sea floor from an underground repository of nuclear waste.Water exchange rates between the discharge region and the model domain are estimated using both forward and backward trajectories as well as passive tracers. The Lagrangian trajectories can account for the time evolution of the water exchange while the tracers give one average age per model grid box. Water exchange times such as residence time, age and transient times have been calculated with trajectories but only the average age (AvA) for tracers. The trajectory calculations provide a more detailed time evolution than the tracers.On the other hand the tracers are integrated “on-line” simultaneously in the sea circulation model with the same time step while the Lagrangian trajectories are integrated “off-line” from the stored model velocities with its inherent temporal resolution, presently 1 h. The sub-grid turbulence is parameterised as the Laplacian diffusion for the passive tracers and with an extra stochastic velocity for trajectories. The importance of the parameterised sub-grid turbulence for the trajectories is estimated to give an extra diffusion of the same order as the Laplacian diffusion by comparing the Lagrangian dispersions with and without parameterisation. The results of the different methods are similar but depend on the chosen diffusivity coefficient with a slightly higher correlation between trajectories and tracers when integrated with a lower diffusivity coefficient. 相似文献
13.
热带印度洋上层水温的年循环特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过分析多年气候月平均的Levitus水温资料,结合多年气候月平均海表面风场资料以及观测的热带印度洋上层海流的分布状况,探讨热带印度洋上层水温的时空分布特征,剖析了热带印度洋混合层深度及印度洋暖水的季节变化规律。分析表明：热带印度洋的海表面温度低值区始终位于大洋的南部,而高值区呈现明显的季节变化,冬季位于赤道附近,在夏季则处于大洋的东北部;在热带印度洋的中西部、赤道偏南海域的次表层终年存在一冷心结构;热带印度洋表面风场的季节变化是影响该海域混合层深度季节性变化的主要因素;印度洋暖水在冬、春季范围较大,与西太平洋暖池相连,而在夏、秋季范围较小,并与西太平洋暖池分开。 相似文献
14.
Kazunori Akitomo 《Journal of Oceanography》1988,44(4):171-188
We numerically investigated the physical process of water exchange caused by fluctuations of the front. This front is formed
in a vertically two-dimensional NH-model (non-hydrostatic model) under steady forcing and simulates well the front observed
during winter in the Kii Channel, Japan. The velocity field in the model has two kinds of oscillations. The first has a period
of 6∼12 hr and is caused by intermittent gravitational convection in the frontal zone. The period and the intensity of intermittent
convection are determined by buoyancy flux through the side boundaries as well as surface cooling. The other is associated
with large scale circulation driven at the side boundaries and is controlled by the Coriolis force and the bottom stress.
Its period of 3∼4 days is determined by the sum of the inertial period and the spin down time for the baroclinic mode of the
along-front velocity component. These oscillations make the position of the front fluctuate with the same periods.
We next examined water exchange across the fluctuating front by numerically tracking a number of labelled particles. Intermittent
convection induces exchange of particles in the frontal zone and large scale circulations transport the exchanged particles
toward offshore or onshore through the lower layer. The exchange rate and the dispersion coefficient are calculated in the
NH-model as 0.85 and 2.3×103 cm2 sec−1, respectively. On the other hand, in the H-model (hydrostatic model) parameterizing gravitational convections with a convective
adjustment method, these values are reduced to 0.68 and 3.2×102 cm2 sec−1, respectively. This result implies that intermittent convections in the frontal zone have a large effect on water exchange
across the front, and that no little water is exchanged across the fluctuating front in an actual shallow sea, such as observed
in the Kii Channel. 相似文献
15.
Shizuo Tsunogai 《Journal of Oceanography》2002,58(2):245-257
The oceanic biogeochemical fluxes in the North Pacific, especially its northwestern part, are discussed to prove their importance
on a global scale. First, the air-sea exchange processes of chemical substances are considered quantitatively. The topics
discussed are sea salt particles transported to land, sporadic transport of soil dust to the ocean and its role in the marine
ecosystem, the larger gas transfer velocity of CO2 indicating the effect of bubbles, and DMS and greenhouse gases other than CO2. Next, chemical tracers are utilized to reveal the water circulation systems in the region, which are the Pacific Deep Water
including its vertical eddy diffusivity, the North Pacific Intermediate Water and the Japan Sea Deep Water. Thirdly, the particulate
transport process of chemical substances through the water column is clarified by analyzing the distribution of insoluble
radionuclides and the results obtained from sediment trap experiments. Fourthly, the northern North Pacific is characterized
by stating the site decomposing organic matter and Si playing a key role in the marine ecosystem. Both are induced by the
upwelled Pacific Deep Water. Fifthly, the oceanic CO2 system related to global warming is presented by clarifying the distribution of anthropogenic CO2 in the western North Pacific, and roles of the upwelled Pacific Deep Water and the continental shelf zone in the absorption
of atmospheric CO2. Finally, Mn and other chemical substances in sediments are discussed as recorders of the early diagenesis and indicators
of low biological productivity during glacial ages in the northwestern North Pacific. It is concluded that the western North
Pacific is characterized mainly by the Pacific Deep Water bringing nutrients to the northern North Pacific, located at the
exit of the global deep water circulation and, therefore, the region plays a key role in the global biogeochemical fluxes.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
16.
新学科的诞生是社会发展的需要,人类社会发展到今天,由于人类面临的资源与环境问题,使占全球面积71%的海洋成为21世纪开发的重点领域。然而,各成体系的海洋化学、海洋生物、海洋地质和海洋水文,已难以适应认识和解决当前面临的全球变化问题的需要。80年代初,随着国际地圈生物圈计划(IGBP)、全球海洋通量联合研究(JGOFS)、全球海洋生态系统动力学(GLOBEC)、全球海洋真光层研究(GOEZS)、海岸带陆海相互作用(LOICZ)等重大国际合作计划的兴起,处于这些学科交叉点上的海洋生物地球化学这新的分支学科应运而生,至90年代,这一边缘交又研究方向已成为海洋学研究的前沿领域。
我国的海洋生物地球化学研究虽起步较晚,但已取得飞速发展。至今,已开展实施了渤海生态系统动力学、东海海洋通量、台湾海峡生源要素生物地球化学过程、南海碳通量、南沙群岛珊瑚礁生态系物质循环等一系列重点项目的研究,强有力地推动了这一边缘交叉学科的发展。
海洋生物地球化学是利用化学、地质、生物、物理的观点综合研究海洋中物质循环的过程与规律,突出的特点是研究生物作用下的地球化学过程,研究的主要对象是生源要素(C,N,P,S,Si等)及与生物过程有关的其他元素。
本文从真光层内生源要素的循环、海水中颗粒物的生物地球化学过程、沉积物-海水界面过程中的生源要素,以及微型生物在生源要素的海洋生物地球化学循环中的作用等方面阐述了生源要素的海洋生物地球化学过程研究进展,以期推进我国该领域研究水平的提高。 相似文献
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The mixing agents and their role in the dynamics of a shallow fjord are elucidated through an Eulerian implementation of artificial tracers in a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model. The time scales of vertical mixing in this shallow estuary are short, and the artificial tracers are utilized in order to reveal information not detectable in the temperature or salinity fields. The fjord's response to external forcing is investigated through a series of model experiments in which we quantify vertical mixing, transport time scales of fresh water runoff and estuarine circulation in relation to external forcing.Using age tracers released at surface and bottom, we quantify the time scales of downward mixing of surface water and upward mixing of bottom water. Wind is shown to be the major agent for vertical mixing at nearly all depth levels in the fjord, whereas the tide or external sea level forcing is a minor agent and only occasionally more important just close to the bottom. The time scale of vertical mixing of surface water to the bottom or ventilation time scale of bottom water is estimated to be in the range 0.7 h to 9.0 days, with an average age of 2.7 days for the year 2004.The fjord receives fresh water from two streams entering the innermost part of the fjord, and the distribution and age of this water are studied using both ageing and conservative tracers. The salinity variations outside this fjord are large, and in contrast to the salinity, the artificial tracers provide a straight forward analysis of river water content. The ageing tracer is used to estimate transport time scales of river water (i.e. the time elapsed since the water left the river mouth). In May 2004, the typical age of river water leaving the fjord mouth is 5 days. As the major vertical mixing agent is wind, it controls the estuarine circulation and export of river water. When the wind stress is set to zero, the vertical mixing is reduced and the vertical salinity stratification is increased, and the river water can be effectively exported out of the fjord.We also analyse the river tracer fields and salinity field in relation to along estuary winds in order to detect signs of wind-induced straining of the along estuary density gradient. We find that events of down estuary winds are primarily associated with a reduced along estuary salinity gradient due to increased surface salinity in the innermost part of the fjord, and with an overall decrease in vertical stratification and river water content at the surface. Thus, our results show no apparent signs of wind-induced straining in this shallow fjord but instead they indicate increased levels of vertical mixing or upwelling during down estuary wind events. 相似文献
19.
Numerical Simulation of Water Exchange Characteristics of the Jiaozhou Bay Based on A Three-Dimensional Lagrangian Model 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Based on theory of three-dimensional hydrodynamics,an Euler-Lagrangian particle model is established to study the transport and water exchange capability in the Jiaozhou Bay.The three-dimensional hydrodynamic model,driven by tide and wind,is used to study the effects of wetting and drying of eatuarine intertidal flats by the dry-wet grid technology based on the Estuarine,Coastal and Ocean Model (ECOM).The particle model includes the advection and the diffusion processes,of which the advection process is simulated with a certain method,and the diffusion process is simulated with the random walk method.The effect of the intertidal zone,the turbulent diffusion and the timescales of the water exchange are also discussed.The results show that a moving boundary model can simulate the transport process of the particle in the intertidal zone,where the particles are transported for a longer distance than that of the stationary result.Simulations with and without the turbulent random walk show that the effect of turbulent diffusion is very effective at spreading particles throughout the estuary and speeding up the particle movement.The spatial distribution of residence time is given to quantify the water exchange capability that has very important ramifications to water quality.The effect of wind on the water exchange is also examined and the southeasterly wind in summer tends to block the water exchange near the northeast coast,while the northerly wind in winter speeds up the transport process.These results indicate that the Lagrangian particle model is applicable and has a large potential to help understanding the water exchange capability in estuaries,which can also he useful to simulate the transport process of contaminant. 相似文献
20.
深海钢悬链立管触地点动力响应分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究深海钢悬链立管(SCR)在海洋环境载荷作用下的动力响应.利用非线性弹簧模拟立管与海床触地点的耦合模型,通过模态分析得到钢悬链立管的动力特性参数;时域动力响应分析获得不同工况下触地点及典型部位的位移、弯矩和应力时程.比较分析表明:浮体垂荡运动对触地点的应力状态影响较大,触地点附近存在钢悬链立管动力响应过程中的位移极值点和弯矩极值点.所提方法为触地点区域模拟分析提供了新思路,给出的分析结论对钢悬链立管设计有一定借鉴意义. 相似文献