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1.
华北克拉通在中奥陶世至晚石炭世经历了强烈的风化和喀斯特化作用,并在晚石炭世形成大规模喀斯特型铝土矿,但是其物质来源及成矿过程目前仍存争议。本文选取华北南缘仁村大型喀斯特型铝土矿床,在矿床地质剖析基础上,对两个钻孔岩心进行矿物学、地球化学、碳-氧同位素分析,剖析了成矿物质来源和成矿环境条件,总结了铝土矿形成过程。仁村铝土矿含矿岩系赋存于奥陶系灰岩风化面之上的石炭系本溪组中,含矿岩系自下而上包括铁质粘土岩、铝土矿和粘土岩。X衍射和扫描电镜-能谱分析显示铁质粘土岩主要矿物为菱铁矿和伊利石,铝土矿主要矿物为硬水铝石、黄铁矿、菱铁矿、锐钛矿、伊利石和高岭石,而粘土岩主要矿物为高岭石和勃姆石。铁质粘土岩元素组成以SiO2、FeO、Al2O3为主,铝土矿以Al2O3、SiO2、FeO、TiO2为主,而粘土岩主要为SiO2。微量元素Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta、Th和U等在含矿岩系呈现整体富集,稀土元素主要在铝土矿层底部富集。硬水铝石... 相似文献
2.
华北克拉通铝(粘)土矿是我国喀斯特型铝(粘)土矿的典型代表,前人针对其物质组成、物质来源、成因机制开展了大量研究,但对其成矿后生改造尚未开展系统研究。本文对嵩箕地区铝(粘)土矿进行了研究,野外剖面显示,含矿岩系由底到顶包括风化壳层、铁质粘土岩、粘土质铝土矿、粘土岩、块状铝土矿层。通过矿物空间穿插关系、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、电子探针分析显示,铝(粘)土矿成矿期主要形成矿物包括硬水铝石、锐钛矿、伊利石、绿泥石等矿物。黄钾铁矾、赤铁矿、针铁矿、高岭石代表了后期改造矿物。矿物垂相分布指示赤铁矿和针铁矿随着深度变浅逐渐减少,硬水铝石在粘土质铝土矿层显著富集,黄钾铁矾广泛分布于铁质粘土岩层和风化壳顶部,穿插于粘土矿物或围绕在硬水铝石周围,以脉状、颗粒状分布,且与伊利石含量呈消长关系。同时,元素地球化学垂相分带显著,大离子亲石元素(Rb、Cs、Ba、Sr)与K2O以及高场强元素(Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta、U、Th)与TiO2显示正相关。铝土矿层中Al2O3明显富集,而SiO2则明显亏损。底板灰... 相似文献
3.
龙门-巩义地区是河南省铝土矿成矿带之一.通过对巩义铝土矿主要成分化学测试,研究分析铝土矿床化学元素变化规律.结果表明：铝土矿矿石主要矿物成分为一水硬铝石(含量45%～95%),其次为高岭石、伊利石等(含量4%～25%),含少量菱铁矿、黄铁矿、方解石、白云石等,微量矿物有锆石、磷灰石等.矿石的主要化学成分为Al2O3、SiO2、Fe2O3、TiO2、S,共占总成分的83.42%.其中,Al2O3含量40.46%～77.59%,平均60.68%;SiO21.00%～29.54%,平均14.07%;铝硅比值(A/S)1.8～65.1,平均4.3.在不同埋深条件下,相对深度越大,Al2O3的含量值及A/S值相对越大.该区域的化学风化指数(CIA)值可达到91.16,指示本区含铝岩系遭受了强烈的化学风化作用. 相似文献
4.
云南文山县天生桥地区铝土矿是典型的沉积型铝土矿,矿体赋存于上二叠统龙潭组,其下伏地层为上石炭统灰岩或与峨眉山大火成岩省有关的玄武岩。矿石以泥晶结构为主,含少量粒屑结构与鲕粒结构;矿石的结构特征表明风化物质可能经过短距离的搬运。常量元素分析结果显示铝土矿石中Al2O3分别与Fe2O3 和TiO2具有较好的负相关关系。在铝土矿矿化过程中,微量元素Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta和Bi相对于Li、Rb、Sr、Ba不断富集。元素Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta 分别与TiO2显示较高的相关性。运用稳定元素相关性(如Zr-Hf、Nb-Ta)、lgNi和lgCr二元图解以及稀土元素配分模式等方法探讨矿床成矿物质来源,研究结果表明玄武岩为铝土矿的形成提供了主要的物质来源,下伏碳酸盐岩可能也提供了少量的物质来源。 相似文献
5.
广西隆华铝土矿的矿物学特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
广西隆华铝土矿是一水硬铝石型铝土矿，该矿的矿物组成主要为硬水铝石，其次有三水铝石、软水铝石、高岭石、伊利石、鲕绿泥石、锐钛矿、金红石、铝赤铁矿及锂硬锰矿等。硬水矿石中主要元素为铝，且分布较均匀，适应于高压拜耳法溶矿。本矿床的底泥中发现有一未知矿物，经X射线衍射分析及格林—凯利(Greene-Kelly,1953)方法鉴别，该矿物为贝得石；经蒙脱石-贝得石系列的蒙脱石群定量法（Jones,1964)测定，该矿物的含量为15.45%。 相似文献
6.
广西靖西县新圩铝土矿Ⅶ号矿体矿石热分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
广西靖西新圩堆积型铝土矿为我国典型的一水铝型铝土矿。以新圩堆积型铝土矿的典型样品为研究对象,通过X衍射分析确定其矿物组成,进一步借助差热(DTA)与热重(TG/DTG)分析,探索铝土矿石加热过程。X衍射分析显示5个铝土矿样品矿物组成主要为硬水铝石、赤铁矿、绿泥石、三水铝石、锐钛矿、金红石、针铁矿以及少量的高岭石。差热(DTA)分析显示铝土矿样品有2个明显的吸热峰,分别为三水铝石和硬水铝石吸热峰;热重(TG/DTG)曲线显示样品分解分为4个阶段,分别为吸附水失去阶段和三水铝石、针铁矿、硬水铝石脱羟基作用阶段。利用热重(TG/DTG)数据分别计算了硬水铝石、三水铝石、针铁矿矿物相对百分含量,与国内外同类型铝土矿矿石热分析特征对比显示具有大体一致的热分析特征。 相似文献
7.
研究区矿体产于三叠系中窝组底部油页岩与下伏中三叠统北衙组灰岩、白云质灰岩不整合面上,矿体呈透镜状、漏斗状,受岩浆侵入、岩溶发育影响,矿层厚度不稳定.主要矿石矿物有一水硬铝石和三水硬铝石,呈鲕状、致密豆状、松散状（土状）.该矿床的Al/Si比值等岩石化学数据总体反映出Al2O3与SiO2、TiO2含量均成正相关关系.矿石样品∑REE富集,δCe显示正异常,δEu负异常明显.微量元素研究显示出沉积成因特征和成矿物源的多源性,铝土矿矿石结构构造、沉积特点及生物组成反映其形成环境主要为海相沉积环境. 相似文献
8.
滇东南地区晚二叠世铝土矿属典型的喀斯特型铝土矿,矿体赋存于上二叠统吴家坪组(龙潭组),分析其地球化学特征对研究其物质来源具有重要意义。全岩分析显示铝土矿石成分以Al2O3、Fe2O3、SiO2和TiO2为主,其中Al2O3与Fe2O3 、SiO2具有较好的负相关关系。微量元素Cr、Zr、 Hf、Ta、Th、U和稀土元素在铝土矿矿化过程中不断富集,元素Zr-Hf、Nb-Ta之间具有明显的正相关关系。lgCr-lgNi图解、稳定元素比值(Zr/Hf)及稀土元素配分模式等地球化学特征说明峨眉山玄武岩为铝土矿的形成提供了主要的物质来源,同时下伏碳酸盐岩也提供了部分成矿物质。 相似文献
9.
龙里丰源铝土矿床属黔中铝土矿带龙里早石炭世杜内晚期铝土矿成矿亚带,矿体产于丰源铝矿层(FYB),矿床类型属沉积型铝土矿床。本文通过系统采集钻孔岩心样,进行铝土矿床元素地球化学研究。主量元素结果显示,含铝岩系以Al2O3、SiO2、TFe2O3及LOI为主,Cr2O3、K2O、Na2O、P2O5、SrO、V2O5、ZrO2等含量相对较低;微量元素Sr、Zr、Cr、V、Li、B、Ga、Ba等含量相对较高,Be、Pb、Sc、Hf、Nb、Rb、Cs、Ta、Th、U等含量相对较低;CIA指数=69.00～99.74,平均97.58,总体介于80～100,说明丰源铝矿层形成时,化学风化强度强烈,古气候条件显示为炎热、潮湿的气候环境。元素B含量55×10-6～143×10 相似文献
10.
铝土矿是生产金属铝的主要来源,用途广泛。利用偏光显微镜、扫描电镜–能谱、X射线衍射、红外及差热分析等手段,研究晋中南石炭系铝土矿矿物特征,分析主要矿物成因。结果表明,铝土矿中所含矿物主要是硬水铝石和高岭石,少量伊利石、绿泥石、赤铁矿、菱铁矿、针铁矿、锐钛矿、金红石、石英、钾长石及方解石等。硬水铝石分隐晶–微晶碎屑、它形粒状晶体、短柱–鳞片状晶体3种类型,差热曲线吸热峰温度偏低,晶胞参数均值a为0.441 546 nm,b为0.945 445 nm,c为0.285 250 nm。硬水铝石主要由高岭石脱硅转变而成,少量为结晶成因。高岭石形成于温暖潮湿气候的风化过程中,部分为复硅化产物。锐钛矿形成于低温低压、TiO2供应充足的环境中。赤铁矿由含水氧化铁矿物风化脱水形成,少部分为成矿早期沼泽相或海相沉积。石英、钾长石及一些重矿物为陆源碎屑来源。 相似文献
11.
Xuefei Liu Qingfei Wang Jun Deng Qizuan Zhang Silei Sun Jianyin Meng 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2010
The Dajia Salento-type bauxite deposit in western Guangxi is hosted within the Quaternary ferrallitic soil profile, and it formed via breaking up, weathering and oxidizing of Permian bauxite orebodies occurring as a semi-continuous layer in the upper Permian. Mineralogical analyses reveal that diaspore, hematite and kaolinite are the major minerals in bauxite ores with small amounts of anatase, chamosite, gibbsite, goethite, illite, zircon, quartz and pyrite. The ore texture and mineral assemblage reveal that the depositional/diagenetic environment of the Dajia bauxite was much close to phreatic environment. Both the ore texture and the morphology of zircon grains also indicate that most of the bauxitic soils were transported a short distance. Diaspore is suggested to be non-metamorphic in origin and mainly formed in a reducing condition of diagenetic environment, while kaolinite is the product of the in situ epigenetic replacement of alumina in diaspore by dissolved silica. Geochemical analyses indicate that Al2O3, Fe2O3, SiO2 and TiO2 are the main components of the bauxite ores and trace elements such as Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Th and U were enriched during the bauxitization process. Simultaneously, Zr vs. Hf and Nb vs. Ta show a high correlation. Geochemical indices such as Zr/Hf, Nb/Ta and Eu/Eu* (among others) denote that the magmatic rocks related to the Emeishan plume in western Guangxi and the carbonates in the underlying Maokou Formation provided the main sources of material for the bauxite ores. 相似文献
12.
Bauxite exploration involves routine analysis of a large number of samples for a wide range of elements. In Nigeria, though geological field exploration for bauxite started almost three decades ago very little has been achieved, mainly due to the non-availability of facilities for evaluating the dozens of suspected bauxite deposits scattered around the country. In this regard, a procedure for the rapid, accurate and precise measurement of a number of important elements in bauxite has been developed based on the newly acquired radioisotope based EDXRF spectrometer. Elements and oxides analyzed are Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, Fe2O3, K2O, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Ga, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb and Pb. The richest bauxite sample has concentrations of 48.08, 18.90, 1.26, 7.71 and 1.93 wt% for Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, Fe2O3, and K2O, respectively. The other values in ppm are Mn (3 0 2), Co (5 3 2), Cu (45), Zn (51), Ga (41), Rb (32), Sr (2 2 2), Y (32), Zr (8 4 9), Nb (89) and Pb (72). The measurement errors in terms of accuracy and precision are less than 5% and 10% and 5% and 15% for major and trace elements, respectively. Statistical correlation analysis carried out on the results shows the most significant relationships to be the negative correlations of alumina with silica, iron oxide and titanium. This is believed to be related to the processes of formation of bauxite, with the Si and Fe–Ti being removed as Al was being enriched. 相似文献
13.
华北克拉通在中奥陶世至晚石炭世期间一直出露地表,经历了长期的风化作用,形成大规模的铁-铝黏土矿,其成矿物源一直是研究的热点,尤其是本溪组底部铁矿和铁质黏土矿与上部铝黏土矿是否为同一来源尚未查清。本研究选取克拉通南缘大安铝黏土矿床作为研究对象,展开微区矿物及元素地球化学组成分析,进一步探讨铁-铝黏土矿物质来源。大安矿床内含矿岩系自下而上包括铁质黏土岩、铝土矿、铝质黏土矿;局部喀斯特高地缺失铝土矿,铝质黏土矿直接覆盖于铁质黏土岩之上。铁质黏土岩在洼地以菱铁矿、黄铁矿和伊利石为主,在隆起区以赤铁矿、伊利石和高岭石为主。铝土矿以硬水铝石、伊利石和锐钛矿为主;铝质黏土矿主要矿物为伊利石。矿物微区分析在黏土矿底部发现大量的碳化硅和少量自然硅、硅铁矿、铬铁矿;区域对比揭示北秦岭造山带内商丹缝合带和二郎坪群中的蛇绿岩为铝黏土矿形成提供了成矿物质。本溪组底部铁质黏土与上部铝黏土矿稳定元素比率(例如Zr/TiO2、Hf/TiO2、Nb/TiO2、Ta/TiO2)存在明显差异,揭示二者为不同来源: 底部铁质黏土岩和铁矿层为底板碳酸盐岩原地风化的产物;而上部铝黏土矿是异地搬运物,北秦岭造山带在晚石炭世的整体抬升为华北铝黏土矿形成提供了重要的成矿物质。 相似文献
14.
Provenance of iron,bauxite and clay deposits of the Carboniferous Benxi Formation in southern margin of North China Craton: An example from Da'an bauxite and clay deposit of Sanmenxia area,Henan Province 
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下载免费PDF全文 Liu Xue-Fei Wang Qing-Fei Ma Yao Li Zhong-Ming Zhao Li-Hua Zhou Zhi-Hui Liu Bai-Shun Ma Xin-Li 《古地理学报》1999,22(5):965-976
During the Middle Ordovician to Late Carboniferous period,the North China Craton(NCC)was exposed and experienced prolonged weathering that resulted in the formation of large-scale iron,clay and bauxite deposits. The source of ore-forming material has always been a research focus,in particular,whether the sources of the iron ore and the Fe-bearing clay at the bottom of Benxi Formation are the same as the upper bauxite and clay deposit is still unclear. In this study,the Da'an bauxite and clay deposit at the southern margin of the NCC was chosen to carry out a detailed analysis of the micro-region mineral composition and elemental geochemical characteristics for further exploring the sources of iron,bauxite and clay deposits. The composition of the ore-bearing rocks in the Da'an bauxite deposit from the bottom to top includes Fe-bearing clay(locally iron ore),bauxite,and bauxitic clay;locally,in karstic uplift,bauxitic clay layer is directly overlying on the Fe-bearing clay. The Fe-bearing clay is dominated by siderite,pyrite,and illite in the karstic depression,and hematite,illite,and kaolinite in the uplift. Bauxite is mainly composed of diaspore,illite,and anatase,while bauxitic clay is mainly composed of illite. Mineral microanalysis revealed the development of large amounts of moissanite and small amounts of natural silica,silicalite,and chromite at the bottom of bauxitic clay layer. Regional comparison and correlation reveal that the ophiolite in the Shangdan suture zone and Erlangping Group in the North Qinling orogenic belt(NQOB)likely provides source materials for bauxite and clay deposits. The obvious differences in immobile element ratios (e.g., Zr/TiO2,Hf/TiO2,Nb/TiO2,Ta/TiO2)between the bottom Fe-bearing clay layer and the upper bauxite and clay layer in Da'an deposit,revealing that they are from different sources. The bottom Fe-bearing clay and iron ore layers are the products of in-situ weathering of underlying carbonates,while the top bauxite and clay are allochthonous. The regional uplift of the NQOB during the Late Carboniferous period provided important ore-forming materials for the formation of the NCC bauxite and clay deposits. 相似文献
15.
鄂西南利川二叠纪吴家坪组硅质岩成因及沉积环境 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
鄂西南利川吴家坪组硅质岩与海相石煤及多层火山粘土岩共生,产海绵骨针及放射虫化石,放射虫组合以泡沫虫类为主,内射球虫类次之,隐管虫类很少,代表外陆棚沉积环境。硅质岩的陆源元素Al、Ti含量较高,热水来源元素Fe、Mn含量较低,Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)值在0.64~0.83之间,平均值0.73。在Al-Fe-Mn三角图中,样品位于或紧邻非热水沉积区,在 SiO2- (K2O+Na2O)、SiO2-Al2O3, (K2O+Na2O)-Al2O3 图解中大多数样品落在火山成因区,少数位于火山成因与生物成因区之间。相对于沉积岩的微量元素丰度,生命元素Mo、V富集,指示热水沉积的特征元素Ba、As、Sc亏损。∑REE较低,∑LREE/∑HREE平均值为3.02,Ce、Eu均轻度负异常（δCe:0.75~0.83,平均值0.79;δEu:0.61~0.95, 平均值0.84）,经北美页岩标准化后稀土元素配分曲线近水平。以上地球化学特征表明研究区硅质岩属火山成因,并伴有生物作用。氧化还原判别指标U/Th、V/(V+Ni)及Ceanom,沉积环境判别指标MnO/TiO2,LaN/YbN 与判别图解100×TFe2O3/SiO2-100 Al2O3/SiO2、TFe2O3/(100-SiO2)-Al2O3/(100-SiO2)、TFe2O3/TiO2-Al2O3/(Al2O3+TFe2O3)、LaN/CeN-Al2O3/(Al2O3+TFe2O3)与∑LREE/∑HREE-100×Eu/∑REE一致表明硅质岩形成于大陆边缘缺氧环境。 相似文献
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通过对内蒙古阿拉善右旗雅干地区好比如、杭乌拉剖面二叠系埋汗哈达组硅质岩岩石学特征、主量元素、稀土元素地球化学研究,探讨了硅质岩的成因及其沉积环境。地球化学测试结果显示：好比如剖面硅质岩SiO2质量分数为89.83%~94.16%,平均值为92.01%,Al/（Al+Fe+Mn）值为0.49~0.65,平均值为0.56,δCe值为0.87~0.92,平均值为0.89;杭乌拉剖面硅质岩SiO2质量分数为75.93%~90.14%,平均值为86.70%,Al/（Al+Fe+Mn）值为0.68~0.78,平均值为0.73,δCe值为0.89~0.94,平均值为0.90;在Al-Fe-Mn三角图上,样品全部落入生物成因硅质岩区,指示研究区硅质岩为海水生物沉积成因。好比如剖面硅质岩Al2O3/（Al2O3+Fe2O3）值为0.59~0.78,平均值为0.71,MnO/TiO2值为0.17~0.88,平均值为0.41,（La/Ce）N值为1.07~1.25,平均值为1.16,Ceanom值为-0.059~-0.026,平均值为-0.043;杭乌拉剖面硅质岩Al2O3/（Al2O3+Fe2O3）值为0.78~0.86,平均值为0.83,MnO/TiO2值为0.04~0.40,平均值为0.16,（La/Ce）N值为1.02~1.15,平均值为1.10,Ceanom值为-0.041~-0.001,平均值为-0.029;在硅质岩沉积环境判别图上,样品落在大陆边缘型硅质岩区域内,指示研究区硅质岩沉积于大陆边缘缺氧的水体环境。综合分析认为研究区早二叠世为大陆边缘滨海-浅海相沉积环境。 相似文献