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岩溶塌陷往往具有不确定性,隐蔽性及突发性。基于岩溶塌陷的上述特点,文章选取高密度电法、主动源面波法、微动法对泗角村岩溶塌陷区进行综合研究,结果表明:高密度电法能较好地的区分岩土层界面及划分岩溶发育带,但分辨率较低;主动源面波法能较好划分岩土层界面且分辨率较高,但探测深度浅;微动法能较精准地确定岩溶塌陷位置,但抗干扰能力较弱;高密度电法、主动源面波法及微动法结合才能有效查明塌陷区内岩土层结构、确定岩溶发育带位置,并预测划分出塌陷危险区、塌陷潜伏区和相对稳定区,为后续灾害治理工作确定具体范围,给治理施工设计提供科学依据;另外,通过对高密度电法、主动源面波法及微动法解译异常特征的分析,查明了塌陷区塌陷的形成和机井的长年抽水有关。 相似文献
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高密度电法集电测深和电剖面装置于一体,具有观测精度高、数据采集量大、地质信息丰富、生产效率高,以及探测深度较大等特点,在工程地质和水文地质勘查中被广泛应用。这里将高密度电法应用于新疆某矿区的滑坡体调查中,通过该矿区的地质地球物理特征,验证了实施高密度电法调查滑坡体的可行性。采用温纳装置,对矿区内的地层结构、滑床位置及深部地层情况的分析解释,证实了高密度电法应用效果良好,为进一步认识滑坡及其勘察治理提供了地球物理依据。 相似文献
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利用高密度电法温纳装置,结合第四系电阻率分布特征,并在有效探测深度范围内,研究高密度电法测量温纳装置对工作区内基岩面起伏情况及完整性的判别效果;最终通过数据处理,反演解译,结合已有的水文、地质等其他方面的资料和附近现有水井的相关情况,圈定工作区内第四系地下水储存的有利位置。根据异常对比解译、确定目标体范围、经过钻孔验证:高密度电法温纳装置对基岩面的区分反应明显,对较浅层地下水储存位置的确定较为准确,为以后需找类似地层地下水起到了一定参考依据。 相似文献
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花岗岩地区一般地下水匮乏,找水难度相对较大,采用单一的物探方法效果常常不理想.近年来,通过多幅1：5万水文地质调查工作,采用综合电法在花岗岩地区确定了多处井位,均取得了满意的效果.本文选取2处定井实例,分析了高密度电法剖面和激电测深曲线在花岗岩地区相对富水区域的电性特征.实践证明,高密度电法和激发极化法相结合,可以提高定井的效率和准确性,在同类地层找水工作中具有一定的借鉴意义. 相似文献
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高密度电法勘探在岩溶地区地下水勘查中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
介绍了贵州省金沙县沙土镇大路村应用高密度电阻率法与激发极化法测深寻找地下水的应用及其钻探验证情况,说明应用高密度电阻率法确定含水构造的位置、形态,以及应用激电参数判别地下水的方法是可行的。 相似文献
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铁矿尾矿料力学特性及坝体变形稳定性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
尾矿料矿物成分复杂,物理力学特性区域差异性大。本文以西南地区某铁矿拟建尾矿库为研究对象,对粗、细两种尾矿料进行了系统的物理力学特性试验,获得了粗细尾矿料物理力学指标并应用到尾矿库坝数值分析,分析了该尾矿库坝的应力变形特性,对不同堆积高程、不同工况下尾矿库坝的安全稳定性进行计算分析。此外采用拟静力法对地震荷载作用下尾矿坝的稳定性进行分析。结果表明,粗尾矿料会呈现出剪胀和软化力学特性,而细尾矿料则无明显剪胀;尾矿坝坝体内以压应力为主,坝体表面出现小范围拉应力区;高堆积高程,坝体倾向于发生深层滑动,坝体最小安全稳定性系数较大;干滩长度增大明显提高坝体稳定性;最后对该尾矿库的安全运行提出了一些针对性措施及建议。 相似文献
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对尾矿进行深入细致的研究, 认真分析其物理化学组成将为矿山环境的治理以及尾矿的综合利用提供重要的科学依据.探讨了铜绿山矽卡岩型铜铁矿床尾矿砂的矿物组合特征和地球化学特征, 初步研究了稀硫酸溶液萃取尾矿砂中有价金属元素方法的可行性.研究结果表明: 尾矿砂先后经过化学冶选和长期堆存风化, 矿物组成发生显著改变, 以粘土矿物(高岭石和伊利石)为主; 尾矿中的铜矿物以氧化铜为主, 尾矿砂中金属元素的活动性明显增强, 含量从顶部到第6层逐渐增加, 并在尾砂库的第6层强烈富集, 重金属铜具有回收利用的价值. 相似文献
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Solid waste samples from a reconnaissance study conducted at ore mining and milling sites were subjected to the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency extraction procedure (EP) leaching test Sites visited included mines and mills extracting ores of antimony
(Sb), mercury (Hg), vanadium (V), tungsten (W), and nickel (Ni). Samples analyzed included mine wastes, treatment pond solids,
tailings, low grade ore, and other solid wastes generated at these facilities Analysis of the leachate from these tests indicates
that none of the samples generated leachate in which the concentration of any toxic metal parameter exceeded EPA criteria
levels for those metals. By volume, tailings generally constitute the largest amount of solid wastes generated, but these
data indicate that with proper management and monitoring, current EPA criteria can be met for tailings and for most solid
wastes associated with mining and milling of these metal ores. Long-term studies are needed to determine if leachate characteristics
change with time and to assist in development of closure plans and post closure monitoring programs. 相似文献
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目前求解尾矿库浸润线大多采用数值模拟和模型试验的方法,尚没有建立起完善的尾矿库浸润线的解析解。鉴于此,建立了尾矿库浸润线的理论模型,采用能量方程和达西渗透定律推导了尾矿库浸润线的微分方程,并建立了上下游边界条件方程。在此基础上,求解了尾矿库浸润线的解析解（由于在解析解的推导过程中引入了杜比假定,该解析解更适应于库底底坡较缓的尾矿库浸润线的预测）,并与数值模拟结果进行了对比分析,验证了解析解的正确性。考虑到尾矿库的复杂性,分析了尾矿砂各向异性、尾矿库地质分层和底坡地形对尾矿库浸润线分布的影响,探讨了所提出的解析解对复杂尾矿库浸润线求解的适应性,通过尾矿库实例验证了文中浸润线解析解的有效性。 相似文献
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Flooding mine tailings to limit the oxidation of sulfides provides a habitat for aquatic organisms, such as plants, plankton,
insects, and fish, which can uptake metals and, thus, threats for local ecosystems and influence the cycling of elements in
biogeocenosis. An aquatic ecosystem developed naturally in sulphide tailing ponds containing cyanidation wastes of the Salair
ore-refining plant (SORP), Russia, was studied. The objectives of this research were to: (i) reveal the level of contamination
of living organisms in the tailing ponds compared to a natural control site and (ii) calculate the weight of metals in aquatic
biomass to estimate the amount of metals transferring from the tailing ponds into the biogechemical cycle. The concentration
of Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in the sediments of the tailing ponds is significantly higher than from the control site. Concentrations
of Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in plant shoots were significantly higher than in the control and accumulated mainly in cell envelopes
and membranes. The concentration of Pb in fish liver and eggs were 41 and 7.5 times higher, respectively, than maximum allowable
concentrations.
The biomass distribution between producers and consumers of the tailing pond ecosystem is similar to those of natural pond
ecosystems. However, the weights of Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in all trophic levels per hectare of the tailing pond are orders of
magnitude higher than those for Lake Baikal. The largest portion of metal circulates within the ecosystem of the Dyukov Ravine
Pond with a maximum of 5 to 13% of this amount transferred into the surrounding environment through the food chains. 相似文献
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铜矿和钨矿在经过开采和选矿过程后产生大量的尾砂,尾砂的抗剪强度直接影响到尾砂筑坝的稳定安全性和材料的创新利用。尾矿库现场取回尾砂的级配曲线不同于选矿产生的全尾砂,选用合适的尾砂抗剪强度参数以及对不同尾砂抗剪强度的比较和分析有助于评估尾矿库的溃坝安全性。为了深入研究铜、钨两种尾砂的抗剪强度及异同点,针对不同粒径范围的铜、钨尾砂进行了直剪试验、X射线衍射分析和扫描电镜分析。直剪试验结果表明,干燥尾砂表现出无黏性土的强度性质,相同粒组尺寸的铜尾砂抗剪强度要高于钨尾砂的抗剪强度;铜尾砂和钨尾砂在含水率为15%情况下的抗剪强度表现出一定的黏聚力,使其抗剪强度相对于干燥状态下提高了16.7%~83.8%;随着含水率从10%增加到20%,细粒钨尾砂的内摩擦角变化不大,含水量的增加使得钨尾砂的黏聚力较明显地减小并使得抗剪强度降低。X射线衍射分析结果显示铜尾砂和钨尾砂都以石英为主晶相,其余矿物成分大都是以硅酸盐为主的次生矿物;5000倍扫描电镜照片显示细粒尾砂颗粒的表面附着一定量的黏土矿物,黏土矿物的存在导致了尾砂抗剪强度随含水率增加而发生变化。 相似文献
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将全尾砂作为充填料进行充填法采矿,不仅可以降低采矿成本,而且还能够实现固体废弃物资源化利用,同时将固体废弃物充填地下保护环境,维护生态平衡。由于尾砂粒径较细,需要与棒磨砂、戈壁砂混合作为充填料应用于充填采矿,有必要开展混合充填骨料的配比优化研究。首先,分别测试了棒磨砂、戈壁砂和尾砂3种骨料的粒径级配和不均匀系数。然后进行了9组配比的胶结充填体强度试验,在该基础上对试验样本进行训练,建立了神经网络预测模型。最后采用该预测模型,进行混合充填骨料正交设计方案的充填体强度预测,并分别采用极差分析和回归分析,揭示了充填体强度与混合充填骨料特征值之间的关系。研究发现,混合骨料平均粒径和不均匀系数不同,充填体早期和后期强度存在显著差异;平均粒径较小的混合骨料早期强度较高,而平均粒径较大者则更利于提高充填体的后期强度。 相似文献
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Chemical characteristics and acid drainage assessment of mine tailings from Akara Gold mine in Thailand 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Chulalak Changul Chakkaphan Sutthirat G. Padmanahban Chantra Tongcumpou 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,60(8):1583-1595
Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) is a great concern in many abandoned mines because of its adverse effect on the environment. In mining
processes, many kinds of wastes are produced. These wastes may become eventually sources of environmental degradation. The
focus of this study is the geochemical characterization of the end-processed tailings generated by Akara Gold Mine, the biggest
gold mine in Thailand. Tailing samples were systematically collected for analyses of chemical and mineralogical compositions.
As a result, their quantitative chemical analyses are slightly different from place to place, but mineral components cannot
be clearly differentiated. For instance, it may be assumed that the end-processed tailings, which were a mixture between high
and low grade concentrates, would have similar mineral components. However, the little variation of chemical composition may
be caused by the ore refining processes that are somehow varied in proportion to chemical additives, alkali cyanide and quick
lime in particular. In addition, clay composition in ore-bearing layers may also influence alumina content of tailings, accordingly.
Distribution of the tailings is not related to depth and distance of the tailing storage pond because the disposal has sped
them over the pond during operation. Total heavy metals of the tailing samples were analyzed on the basis of the EPA 3052
method. Consequently, the most toxic elements (e.g., Co, Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni and Zn) were found falling within the standard
of Thailand Soil Quality Standards for Habitat and Agriculture. Only Mn appears to have higher content than the standard.
In addition, leaching tests proved that these tailings contain low metal concentrations. As a result, at pH 2, Mn can leach
out exceeding the Thailand Surface Water Quality Standard for Agricultural (Mn <1 ppm) and the Thailand Industrial Effluent
Standard (<5 ppm). Although leachate at pH 4 and neutral conditions contains lower Mn than the Industrial Effluent Standard
it still exceeds the surface water quality standard. Interestingly, Pb can be leached out exceeding both standards (0.2 ppm
for the industrial effluent standard and 0.05 ppm for the surface water quality standard). For Ni leaching, its concentration
is lower than the Industrial Effluent Standard at all pH conditions but still exceeds the Surface Water Standard at pH 2 and
4. This information should be taken into consideration for further environmental monitoring. Acid generating potential of
the tailings was estimated using acid–base accounting (ABA) and net acid generation (NAG) tests. The results of ABA and NAG
tests show that the tailing samples contain a high amount of sulfur. However, they also contain high acid neutralization capacity.
Consequently, these tailings may not have potential to generate acid drainage; in the other words, they can be classified
as a non-acid forming (NAF) material. However, since these tailings contain some heavy metals (e.g., Ni, Mn and Pb) that are
observed in leachates exceeding the standards at low pH, the AMD conditions may lead to heavy metal release. Therefore, prevention
of oxidizing process and dissolution should be considered with great care. In addition, Mn and Pb can also be leached at neutral
conditions. Barrier of air and water, clay layer for example, should be placed over the tailings pound before covering by
topsoil for re-vegetation. Growing native grass is recommended for stabilization of the surface and reducing erosion rate.
Monitoring of water quality should also be carried out annually. 相似文献
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岩溶区尾矿库渗漏机理与综合防治技术——以环江北山铅锌矿尾矿库为例 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
岩溶区尾矿库渗漏是矿山引发环境污染的主要途径之一,其形成机理复杂、治理难度大,已成为矿业开发中的重大隐患。岩溶区尾矿库渗漏是复杂的、多因素共同作用的结果。渗漏虽然受多种因素的影响,但其发生主要是由上部附加应力作用、下部岩溶发育程度和地下水侵蚀（掏蚀）作用3个影响因素决定。文章在总结和分析前人研究的基础上,结合北山铅锌矿尾矿库最新调查成果,通过调查分析尾矿库的地质构造、岩溶发育特征、工程地质条件、水文地质条件等因素,对影响尾矿库渗漏的3个主要因素逐一分解,研究了深层与浅层渗漏的形成机理与破坏机制,结果表明尾砂堆积、高水头压力等产生的附加应力导致了库底岩土体支撑应力的破坏,频繁、大幅度的水位波动以及地下水侵蚀（掏蚀）作用产生的负压效应引发岩溶管道的连通,是导致尾矿库渗漏的主要原因。通过螺栓堵塞技术、配制有机充填材料封堵渗漏通道、地下水引流、坡面防护等措施对渗漏区进行了治理,取得了较好的防渗效果。 相似文献