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腾冲火山活动区的烈度衰减及环境应力场特征 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：7
用云南腾冲火山活动区域破坏性地震的烈度分布资料研究了火山活动区的短周期波区域衰减特征，用地震活动资料进行研究了区域环境应力的空间分布特点，结果给出了：腾冲火山活动区的地壳Ｑ值属于低衰减区，平均Ｑ值为８５，比周围地区低５０％左右，环境应力场量值ι０平均为６．０ＭＰａ，属于低应力地区，分析了这种低衰减，低应力背景产生的原因与火山活动地区壳内部高温热物质（如岩浆房）状态的关系，反映了火山活动区地壳内部介 相似文献
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腾冲火山及其周围地区的地壳Q值特征 总被引：9，自引：4，他引：5
本利用腾冲火山活动区及周围地区的地方震尾波资料。根据尾波散射理论,研究了火山地区及周围地区的地壳Ｑ值。结果表明,火山地区的地壳Ｑ值最低。为９５,近邻区的龙陵－－保山地区的１７０－１５０之间。,周围地区最高达２９５左右。是火山地区的１．８－３．０倍左右。地壳Ｑ值的空间２明显表现出腾冲火山活动区为低Ｑ值区,而周围地区为高Ｑ值地区,这种地壳Ｑ值的空间２差异也许反映了火山地区内部介质状态与周围地区构造地 相似文献
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云南腾冲火山地区的地震类型 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
详细记述了与腾冲火山活动有关的历史地震资料,重点分析了１９６１年６月１２日腾冲玉壁山Ｍ５．８级地震和１９７６年７月２１日腾冲Ｍ５．１级地震的类型,半讨论了腾冲火山地下介绍与周边地区的差异性,结果表明,发生于腾冲火山地区的地震,有部份属于火山地城类型,腾冲火山不是死火山,火山下部的岩浆仍在活动。 相似文献
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利用云南腾冲火山地区15个固定台站记录到的7923次地震的P波到时资料,采用双差层析成像方法,反演得到腾冲火山及周边地区地壳及上地幔顶部三维P波速度结构和地震重定位结果.研究发现,腾冲火山区域地壳内存在明显的地震波低速区,P波速度低于整个区域地壳速度平均值超过15%,上地幔顶部存在规模较大的低速异常区.推测腾冲火山地区存在较大规模的地幔热物质上涌以及向地壳的侵入,热物质在地壳内以岩浆囊形式存储,并且壳内岩浆囊之间可能存在岩浆通道.通过联合反演获得的地震重定位结果显示,丛集地震位置更加集中,其展布特征与断裂构造具有显著的对应关系,表明研究区域断裂构造比较活跃.获得的高分辨率三维P波层析成像结果,为进一步认识火山地区岩浆存储特征以及地震分布与区域构造之间的关系提供了新的地震学依据. 相似文献
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用数字记录资料测定腾冲火山区的微震参数 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
利用数字化地震记录资料 ,测定了腾冲火山及其周围地区的地震基本参数 ,结果表明 ,腾冲火山区内的地震活动以微震为主 ,震级多数在 1～ 2 5级之间 ,且地震活动频度低 ;而周围地区的构造地震活动频繁 ,且强度大。在腾冲火山区内地震活动的空间分布也表现出明显的非均匀性 ,以腾冲县城以北 (即 2 5°N以北 )的火山区内地震活动少 ,而县城以南的火山区 (热海热田地区 )微震活动相对多 ,且以微震群的形式发生。根据C F Richter震级标度测定的震级结果 ,火山区的微震活动事件可达 0 4震级单位。震源深度的定位结果给出 ,火山地区的微震震源深度绝大多数在 1～ 6km的范围 ,属于典型的浅源地震 ,而周围地区构造地震的震源深度多多数大于 2 0km。腾冲火山区的微震活动分布、地震强度、及震源深度特征所表现的现象可能与地下岩浆体活动相关 ,显示了与火山热物质孕震机理有关的明显特征。 相似文献
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腾冲火山地质研究述评 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
在综合分析前人有关腾冲火山研究成果的基础上，对该区火山活动的研究现状，火山活动特征，火山活动背景及火山活动与深部岩浆侵入活动的关系等进行了评述。认为腾冲火山群中存在全新世活火山，现今处于休眠状态，具有再次喷发的潜在危险性，因此，进一步深入研究腾冲火山在全新世活动的时间分布规律，对于在该区开展火山活动监测，减灾防灾等方面具有重要意义。 相似文献
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腾冲火山活动区的地震活动性研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
本通过对腾冲火山活动区及邻区的地震活动性研究。得出如下明显特征;（１）腾冲火山地区的中强地震活动与周边地区有显差异。中强地震主要发生在火山活动区以南的龙陵地区和以西的中缅交界地区。９２）腾冲火山活动中强地震极少,以中、小地震活动为主。另外, 腾冲县城１５１２－１７８５年曾发生５次中强地震。（３）该区长期应变释放相当平缓。（４）腾冲火山活动区ｂ值较高,长期处于低应力背景状态下 相似文献
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火山活动区内的地震活动有其特殊性与复杂性。针对我国第四纪典型火山区的火山活动及地震活动特征进行了分析总结,认为第四纪火山区内的地震活动的最大震级不高于6.5级,且火山区内的地震活动强度相对其周边地区来说要弱,这表明火山活动区不利于积累大的弹性应变能,其地壳内岩浆房的存在,可能限制了地壳岩石的孕震能力,从而使火山区无强震发生,火山区内活动断裂的活动主要表现在作为深部岩浆的上涌通道,故对火山区的未来地震危险性评价方面要有所区别。同时由于中强地震多发生在火山区的外部边缘,因此我们要特别注意火山外缘地区的中强地震活动,特别是加强对位于火山外缘地区的活动断裂的研究。 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
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Gtz Schroth Luciana Ferreira Da Silva Marc‐Andree Wolf Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira Wolfgang Zech 《水文研究》1999,13(10):1423-1436
The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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M. A. Kahn 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(2):95-101
Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate. 相似文献
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