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1.
In February/March 2007, an extreme rainfall event occurred in the Jabiru region of the Northern Territory of Australia. Rainfall of 784 mm fell in a 72-h period. This rainfall event resulted in 49 separate landslides occurring in the adjacent, but remote and inaccessible region of Arnhem Land. The landslides were extensively mapped and characterised. A common feature of the landslides was their relatively surficial nature. This paper reports on laboratory and field tests to characterise the material properties of the slide material and the underlying, more competent material. One particular, large and relatively accessible landslide was chosen for detailed investigation. The experimental data are used to carry out seepage and slope stability analyses, taking account of changes in the degree of saturation (and thus the negative pore water pressure or suction) in the slope material during the rainfall event in question. Using a parametric study in which various material parameters were varied around the measured mean values, it is shown that the failure of this particular slope could have been predicted using relatively straightforward seepage and limit equilibrium slope stability analyses, coupled with the relevant rainfall data, as long as the contribution of matric suction to the engineering characteristics of the slope material was accounted for. The work also highlights the importance of in situ conditions at the time a particular rainfall event (particularly an extreme event such as that considered in this paper) occurs. If the slope has a relatively high degree of saturation, manifested as a low initial in situ suction, it is more susceptible to rainfall triggering a slope failure. Although this observation is not novel, the investigation described in this paper confirms the importance of ambient in situ conditions and provides an indication of how the likelihood of landslide occurrence at this particular site may in the future be quantified, i.e. by focussing on antecedent rainfall history. 相似文献
2.
南京猪头山滑坡属于典型的覆盖层滑坡,2003年5月边坡发生缓慢变形失稳,没有对周围造成很大的危害,故未引起足够重视,2016年6~7月间受强降雨的影响再次发生大规模的滑动。研究发现,该滑体的地层具有特殊地质结构,在强降雨条件下会产生暂时性承压水,在其承压水的渗透力及浮托力作用下,其稳定性将会大大下降,因此该滑坡的再滑动与降雨密切相关。本文运用数值模拟方法分析了滑坡变形过程与降雨时长及降雨强度之间的关系,结果表明猪头山山前缓坡的稳定性随降雨时长和降雨强度增大逐渐降低,且具有一定的突变性,其滑坡面的位置位于坡体填土层的下部,较好地揭示了猪头山降雨型滑坡形成的机理以及滑坡再滑动机制。这一研究为所在地区的降雨性滑坡预报和治理提供了科学依据。 相似文献
3.
黄土高原是我国地质灾害最为发育的地区之一,其中降雨诱发的浅层黄土滑坡又最为典型。以典型黄土地貌区-柳林县为例,应用SINMAP模型,探讨模型在黄土地区的适用性,分析了随着研究区内降雨量的增加,滑坡变形失稳区域的面积变化、分布位置和扩展趋势。研究表明,随着降雨量的增加,滑坡所处位置逐渐由稳定状态向失稳状态发展,位于失稳分区的滑坡数量逐渐增加,说明降雨对该研究区的斜坡稳定性影响较为明显。通过将模拟结果与实际发生的由降雨触发的滑坡灾害进行对比分析,可以得出SINMAP模型在黄土地区,对区域性降雨诱发浅层黄土滑坡稳定性的模拟预测有效,可以用于黄土地区浅层滑坡的稳定性评价研究。 相似文献
4.
黄土丘陵地区地质环境脆弱,每到雨季极易诱发浅层黄土滑坡,对居民的生命和财产安全构成威胁也阻碍着当地经济的发展。对浅层滑坡进行稳定性评价,不仅有助于认识浅层滑坡的发生发展过程,而且对防灾减灾和地区规划建设具有十分重要的指导意义。本研究选择SINMAP模型作为评价浅层黄土滑坡的重要工具,评价了陕西省延安市志丹县黄土丘陵区浅层滑坡的稳定性,评价结果表明:1)研究区整体稳定性程度较高,在降雨量为8.6 mm、15 mm、25 mm、50 mm和100 mm时不稳定区域(包括极不稳定、不稳定和潜在不稳定)面积分别占研究区总面积的9.12%、18.93%、23.17%、30.94%和38.67%,不稳定区域的面积不超过整个研究区面积的一半,极不稳定区域的滑坡密度最大,其次为不稳定区域和潜在不稳定区域;2)随着降雨量的增大,潜在不稳定和不稳定区域的面积会逐渐扩大,极不稳定区始终位于坡度大且水流侵蚀强烈的地方,变化幅度小;3)浅层滑坡的稳定性很大程度上依赖于当地的地形条件:坡度分布为20°~51°,高程分布范围为1302~1606 m,在坡向上阴坡的发生数量多于阳坡,西向和西北向浅层滑坡最为发育;4)流域内的滑坡多属降雨诱发的山体滑坡,确定性模型SINMAP为预测这一类滑坡提供了强大的工具,不仅评估了现有的已发生的滑坡的稳定性,也预测了未来在不同降雨条件下可能发生滑坡的地区。分析结果可为预防和减轻滑坡灾害带来的损失,合理的城市规划和道路选址等提供参考。 相似文献
5.
丁家坡滑坡位于云阳县黄石镇中湾村,对拟建的云阳—开州（云开）高速公路安全具有潜在的威胁。为了查明丁家坡滑坡特征,开展了野外工程地质测绘、钻探与试验测试,采用Geo-studio完全耦合计算模式分析了不同降雨工况下滑坡渗流场、应力场、位移场的变化,考察了基质吸力在滑坡稳定性评价中的作用,并计算了不同降雨历时、降雨强度下滑坡的稳定性系数。结果表明：（1）丁家坡滑坡的斜坡地形、松散的岩性、潜在的临空面等因素决定了滑坡的形成与发育,坡体渗透性较好,降雨作用激励滑坡的变形,目前该滑坡处于蠕滑阶段;（2）降雨入渗后,坡体孔隙水压力增加,基质吸力减小,有效应力和抗剪强度降低,在土-岩界面形成剪应力集中,产生应变和位移,滑坡变形破坏;（3）高强度短历时的降雨使坡体浅层迅速饱和,易形成浅层滑,低强度长历时的降雨使坡体浸润较深,易造成深部滑动,其潜在滑动面主要为土-岩界面;（4）在非饱和状态下土体基质吸力对滑坡的稳定性具有重要影响;（5）目前滑坡处于基本稳定状态,一旦发生降雨,滑坡稳定性将降低,降雨历时越久、降雨强度越大,滑坡越易失稳。相对于滑坡Ⅱ区,滑坡Ⅰ区对云开高速公路安全的影响更大,应该重点对滑坡Ⅰ... 相似文献
6.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2018,9(6):1871-1882
A combined cluster and regression analysis were performed for the first time to identify rainfall threshold that triggers landslide events in Amboori, Kerala, India. Amboori is a tropical area that is highly vulnerable to landslides. The 2, 3, and 5-day antecedent rainfall data versus daily rainfall was clustered to identify a cluster of critical events that could potentially trigger landslides. Further, the cluster of critical events was utilized for regression analysis to develop the threshold equations. The 5-day antecedent (x-variable) vs. daily rainfall (y-variable) provided the best fit to the data with a threshold equation of y = 80.7–0.1981x. The intercept of the equation indicates that if the 5-day antecedent rainfall is zero, the minimum daily rainfall needed to trigger the landslide in the Amboori region would be 80.7 mm. The negative coefficient of the antecedent rainfall indicates that when the cumulative antecedent rainfall increases, the amount of daily rainfall required to trigger monsoon landslide decreases. The coefficient value indicates that the contribution of the 5-day antecedent rainfall is ∼20% to the landslide trigger threshold. The slope stability analysis carried out for the area, using Probabilistic Infinite Slope Analysis Model (PISA-m), was utilized to identify the areas vulnerable to landslide in the region. The locations in the area where past landslides have occurred demonstrate lower Factors of Safety (FS) in the slope stability analysis. Thus, rainfall threshold analysis together with the FS values from slope stability can be suitable for developing a simple, cost-effective, and comprehensive early-warning system for shallow landslides in Amboori and similar regions. 相似文献
7.
Cheng Qiu Tetsuro Esaki Mowen Xie Yasuhiro Mitani Chunxiang Wang 《Environmental Geology》2007,52(8):1569-1579
A shallow landslide triggered by rainfall can be forecast in real-time by modeling the relationship between rainfall infiltration
and decrease of slope stability. This paper describes a promising approach that combines an improved three-dimensional slope
stability model with an approximate method based on the Green and Ampt model, to estimate the time–space distribution of shallow
landslide hazards. Once a forecast of rainfall intensity and slope stability-related data, e.g., terrain and geology data,
are acquired, this approach is shown to have the ability to estimate the variation of slope stability of a wide natural area
during rainfall and to identify the location of potential failure surfaces. The effectiveness of the estimation procedures
described has been tested by comparison with a one-dimensional method and by application to a landslide-prone area in Japan. 相似文献
8.
Shallow landslides in pyroclastic soils: a distributed modelling approach for hazard assessment 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Paolo Frattini Giovanni B. Crosta Nicoletta Fusi Paolo Dal Negro 《Engineering Geology》2004,73(3-4):277-295
An effective assessment of shallow landslide hazard requires spatially distributed modelling of triggering processes. This is possible by using physically based models that allow us to simulate the transient hydrological and geotechnical processes responsible for slope instability. Some simplifications are needed to address the lack of data and the difficulty of calibration over complex terrain at the catchment's scale. We applied two simple hydrological models, coupled with the infinite slope stability analysis, to the May 1998 landslide event in Sarno, Southern Italy. A quasi-dynamic model (Barling et al., 1994) was used to model the contribution to instability of lateral flow by simulating the time-dependent formation of a groundwater table in response to rainfall. A diffusion model [Water Resour. Res. 36 (2000) 1897] was used to model the role of vertical flux by simulating groundwater pressures that develop in response to heavy rainstorms. The quasi-dynamic model overestimated the slope instability over the whole area (more than 16%) but was able to predict correctly slope instability within zero order basins where landslides occurred and developed into large debris flows. The diffusion model simulated correctly the triggering time of more than 70% of landslides within an unstable area amounting to 7.3% of the study area. These results support the hypothesis that both vertical and lateral fluxes were responsible for landslide triggering during the Sarno event, and confirm the utility of such models as tools for hazard planning and land management. 相似文献
9.
在降雨与浅层滑坡稳定性关系的研究中, 目前的研究往往忽略了降雨类型的影响.因此, 选取4种具有代表性的降雨类型: 均匀型、递增型、递减型以及峰值型为对象, 基于Rosso提出的降雨强度与地下水关系模型, 构建考虑降雨类型的浅层滑坡地下水位高度随降雨时间的变化关系, 研究不同降雨类型对浅层滑坡地下水位变化的影响.进而, 结合无限边坡理论, 建立浅层滑坡的稳定性计算模型, 研究不同降雨类型对浅层滑坡稳定性的影响.研究结果表明: 降雨类型对浅层滑坡稳定性的影响是明显的, 递增型降雨作用下的浅层滑坡安全系数最小, 其次是均匀型降雨, 再次是峰值型降雨, 最大的是递减型降雨; 同时在确定浅层滑坡临界降雨量和进行区域浅层滑坡易发性研究时降雨类型的影响不容忽视. 相似文献
10.
采用基于网格的瞬态降雨入渗(TRIGRS)模型,以滑坡灾害频发的陕南安康市东部巴山东段白河县为研究区,探讨模型适用性及不同降雨条件下边坡稳定性空间分布规律。根据中国土壤分布图并结合已有研究,选取模拟所需的水土力学参数。将模拟所得研究区稳定性分布图与实际滑坡目录对比分析进行TRIGRS模型精度评估,分别模拟连阴雨和短时间强降雨两种降雨情景,探讨研究区边坡稳定性空间分布规律,结果表明:1)TRIGRS模型在模拟预测降雨诱发型浅层滑坡时,结合受试者特征ROC曲线进行精度评估,曲线下面积为0.752,说明此模型在白河县进行滑坡模拟时具有一定的合理性与准确性,能反应该地区滑坡灾害的空间分布特征;2)连阴雨情景模拟下,极不稳定区域主要集中在北部低山地貌区,以冷水镇和麻虎镇为主,随降雨历时增加向东部和南部增多,西部仓上镇、西营镇和双丰镇的极不稳定区域面积较少,能承受长时间连续性降雨。短时间强降雨对边坡稳定性的影响更为直接,极不稳定区域随降雨强度增大而增加,以冷水镇和麻虎镇为主要防范区域。结合地形分析,极陡峭区域边坡稳定性最差,无法承受持续性降雨和高强度降雨,较陡峭区域更易受到降雨历时和降雨强度的影响,而平缓区域则能承受长时间及高强度的降雨;3)TRIGRS模型根据不同降雨条件预测易发生滑坡灾害的区域,为滑坡实时预报警系统提供了新的可能方法。 相似文献
11.
降雨条件下酉阳大涵边坡滑动机制研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以某厚堆积层滑坡为例,基于非饱和土力学理论,利用有限元方法,对雨水入渗条件下坡体的渗流及动态稳定性进行了计算和分析,研究了水分在坡体内的运移对边坡稳定性的时间效应。结果表明：边坡堆积体结构松散,土体强度差,边坡前缘坡降大,坡脚的开挖,为滑坡形成提供了便利条件;强降雨条件下使得坡脚附近首先发生变形失稳,牵引坡体后缘产生张拉裂。雨水沿坡面入渗,在坡体内形成渗流场,弱化岩土体参数,同时坡面形成饱和径流,使滑坡体前缘产生向下的渗透力,促使前缘坡体发生滑动,进而引发分级坡体产生滑移;强降雨初始阶段,滑坡体安全系数降低较快,很容易发生滑坡。该研究揭示了降雨入渗诱发厚堆积层边坡滑动机制,并以此建议采取以截、排、堵措施对边坡进行排水,同时设置嵌岩锚索抗滑桩及进行削坡清方措施对边坡进行综合治理,通过稳定性计算,效果良好。 相似文献
12.
Mowen Xie Tetsuro Esaki Cheng Qiu Chunxiang Wang Zengfu Wang 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2009,27(3):355-364
The slope failure and landslide hazard will possess the same properties within a range including the same engineering geological
conditions. To assess the landslide risk of a mountainous area, the study of landslides previously having occurred is very
important to evaluate the landslide risk around the area in which they took place. Based on the study of the mechanism of
a previous landslide recorded in Kumamoto, Japan, this study initially proposes mechanical parameters for evaluating the landslide
hazard using a 3D slope stability method. For each slope unit in the study area, the critical slip surface, which reveals
the minimum safety factor of a slope, can be obtained. The affected streams and range of possible landslide masses are analyzed
based on the debris flow simulation. This is initially applied to simulate the past landslide event and the result shows the
landslide-deduced debris flow effectively re-displayed. Overlayered with layers of infrastructure in Geographic Information
Systems (GIS), this risk map indicates which houses and road sections remain in dangerous areas. 相似文献
13.
A rapid loess flowslide triggered by irrigation in China 总被引：11，自引：5，他引：6
A loess landslide occurred in the morning of October 6, 2006, in Gaolou district of Daming town, Hua country, Shaanxi, China.
The landslide originated from a valley side slope of the loess ‘yuan’ (dissected loess plateau), below which many houses are
densely located. The displaced materials smashed several houses and killed 12 persons, after traveling down a long but gentle
valley channel. Field surveys revealed that the displaced materials were highly fluidized. Because there was no rainfall before
this event, the leakage of irrigation water from the canal on the top of the slope may be the reason for the initiation. To
investigate the possible mechanisms underlying the initiation and movement of this landslide, laboratory tests on the loess
samples from the source area were performed. Some preliminary research results are presented in this report. 相似文献
14.
Failure Mechanism of a Shallow Landslide at Tun-Sardon Road Cut Section of Penang Island,Malaysia 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The occurrences of shallow landslides in residual soils of Penang hilly areas are common in rainy days. The failure mechanisms
of a shallow landslide occurred at km 3.9 road in Tun-Sardon area of Penang Island have been simulated using two different
methods of slope stability analysis. The results indicate that the failure was initiated locally inside the slope and then
propagated further to induce total failure. The failure propagation was started from initial local failure zone and was driven
by mobilized shear strength along the shear plane. The slope was marginally stable with an overall factor of safety of 1.32
before it failed to a rainfall event on September 6, 2008. It is found from back calculation that the rain infiltration raised
the temporary water level and reduced the shearing strength of soil to a minimum level with increased pore water pressure
to trigger the failure. This paper suggests further research on shallow landslide of Penang Island considering the direct
rainfall infiltration effect in terms of groundwater pressure-head distribution inside the slope. 相似文献
15.
Suggestion of a method for landslide early warning using the change in the volumetric water content gradient due to rainfall infiltration 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
An early warning system can be an effective measure to reduce the damage caused by landslides by facilitating the timely evacuation of residents from a landslide-prone area. Early detection of landslide triggering across a broad range of natural terrain types can be accomplished by monitoring rainfall and the physical property changes of soils in real time or near-real time. This study involved the installation of a real-time monitoring system to observe physical property changes in soils in a valley during rainfall events. This monitoring included the measurement of volumetric water content, which was compared with the results of laboratory flume tests to identify landslide indicators in the soils. The response of volumetric water content to rainfall events is more immediate than that of pore-water pressure, and volumetric water content retains its maximum value for some time before slope failure. Therefore, an alternative method for landslide monitoring can be based on the observation of volumetric water content and its changes over time at shallow soil depths. Although no landslide occurred, the field monitoring results showed a directly proportional relationship between the effective cumulative rainfall and the gradient of volumetric water content per unit time (t/t max). This preliminary study thus related slope failure to the volumetric water content gradient as a function of rainfall. Laboratory results showed that a high amount of rainfall and a high gradient of volumetric water content could induce slope failure. Based on these results, it is possible to suggest a threshold value of the volumetric water content gradient demarcating the conditions for slope stability and slope failure. This threshold can thus serve as the basis of an early warning system for landslides considering both rainfall and soil properties. 相似文献
16.
不同降雨条件下黄土高原浅层滑坡危险性预测评价 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
黄土地区浅层滑坡发育非常广泛,由于其具有分布规律性差、前期变形迹象小、分布范围大、面小点多等特征,目前还无法进行有效预测,因此给黄土地区工程安全带来严重威胁。根据无限边坡模型,结合降雨入渗-土体强度衰减规律和GIS（地理信息系统）技术,构建了不同降雨条件下黄土地区浅层滑坡发育危险性评价模型,并将该评价模型应用到延河一级支流幸福川流域,预测在有效降雨量30、50、100、200 mm条件下,该流域浅层滑坡发育程度,并与当前较为流行的SINMAP模型(地形稳定性模型)进行对比。结果表明：①不稳定和潜在不稳定浅层滑坡主要分布在末级河流的两侧和源头,稳定和较稳定区域主要分布在一级河流河道两侧和塬面上;通过对比分析,SINMAP模型计算的结果与本文建立的模型在降雨强度30 mm时的计算结果较为一致。②在本文建立的模型评价结果中,随着有效降雨量的增加,Fs（稳定性系数）<1.00的不稳定区域所占比例逐渐增加,从30 mm的1.12%到200 mm的4.79%;相反,稳定区域则出现逐渐减少的趋势。③根据已发生灾害点的分布,随着有效降雨量的增加,研究区域已发生的灾害点分布在Fs<1.25的比例明显增加,从30 mm的62%到200 mm的88%,在SINMAP评价模型中,研究区域已发生的灾害点的64%分布在不稳定和潜在不稳定区域内,说明本文所建立的评价模型具有一定的精度。通过与SINMAP评价模型对比,本文建立的模型主要采用基于降雨入渗规律,而SINMAP评价模型主要基于降雨汇流过程,因此在利用过程中应根据区域特征选择利用。 相似文献
17.
降雨是诱发边坡失稳破坏的主要原因,本文以坡地水文模型为基础,结合无限边坡稳定计算模型,研究降雨条件下边坡启动的临界降雨条件。通过工程算例表明:降雨量与边坡体稳定系数成反比;滑坡启动的临界降雨量随边坡坡度的增大而减少;随边坡土体内摩擦角的增加而逐渐增加,此分析对降雨型滑坡的研究有借鉴性的意义。 相似文献
18.
Comparing the performance of TRIGRS and TiVaSS in spatial and temporal prediction of rainfall-induced shallow landslides 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study compares the performance of transient rainfall infiltration and grid-based regional slope stability (TRIGRS) model and time-variant slope stability (TiVaSS) model in the prediction of rainfall-induced shallow landslides. TRIGRS employs one-dimensional (1-D) subsurface flow to simulate the infiltration rate, whereas a three-dimensional (3-D) model is utilized in TiVaSS. The former has been widely used in landslide modeling, while the latter was developed only recently. Both programs are used for the spatiotemporal prediction of shallow landslides caused by rainfall. This study uses the July 2011 landslide event that occurred in Mt. Umyeon, Seoul, Korea, for validation. The performance of the two programs is evaluated by comparison with data of the actual landslides in both location and timing by using a landslide ratio for each factor of safety class (\({\text{LR}}_{\text{class}}\) index), which was developed for addressing point-like landslide locations. Moreover, the influence of surface flow on landslide initiation is assessed. The results show that the shallow landslides predicted by the two models are highly consistent with those of the observed sliding sites, although the performance of TiVaSS is slightly better. Overland flow affects the buildup of the pressure head and reduces the slope stability, although this influence was not significant in this case. A slight increase in the predicted unstable area from 19.30 to 19.93% was recorded when the overland flow was considered. It is concluded that both models are suitable for application in the study area. However, although it is a well-established model requiring less input data and shorter run times, TRIGRS produces less accurate results. 相似文献
19.
降雨条件下浅层滑坡稳定性探讨 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
降雨条件下浅层滑坡是一种常见、多发的地质灾害现象,为了解边坡稳定性随降雨入渗过程的变化情况,以Green-Ampt入渗模型为基础,并考虑了动水压力的作用,建立了降雨入渗条件下浅层滑坡的概念模型,分别推导了降雨前有、无地下水位条件下的边坡安全系数与降雨时间的关系表达式。从分析结果中可以看出,对于这两种情况下边坡稳定性发生突变的主要原因归结于：前者为在湿润锋与地下水位面接触的短时间内,滑带处的孔隙水压力迅速增高;后者为滑带在浸水饱和情况下,岩土体的强度迅速降低。在此基础上,根据降雨过程中边坡是否达到饱和,提出边坡饱和临界时间的概念,考虑了初始降雨强度小于土壤入渗能力的情况。这个时间可以作为一个参数指标用于浅层滑坡的预警。 相似文献
20.
以福建德化县彭坑滑坡为例,基于非饱和土力学理论,结合滑坡实际监测数据,利用有限元法对坡体在雨水入渗条件下的渗流、变形特性和稳定性进行计算和分析,研究滑坡对降雨的动态响应和不同工况下安全系数和位移的关系。结果表明:滑体结构松散,易于雨水入渗,改变基质吸力空间分布,弱化岩土体参数; 持续降雨会使地下水位上升,坡脚发生变形,牵引坡体后缘产生拉裂,直至在降雨期间产生以非饱和区域为主的滑坡。强降雨初期,边坡安全系数下降较快,易发生滑坡; 雨停后安全系数会因雨水持续下渗而进一步降低,应注意雨后滑坡的产生; 同样水分在不同坡体部位对稳定性影响不同,安全系数有消有涨,存在时空效应。最后为反映地下水位线和降雨条件变化对边坡产生危害的程度,提出危险系数概念,建立危险系数与增量位移的关系,实现边坡测点位移变化的阶段式预警。研究结果和方法可为类似工程的治理和监测预警提供有意义的参考。 相似文献