共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
在模拟受控条件下,利用气相色谱方法研究分析了4种酞酸酯类化合物在龙须菜(Gracilaria lemane-iformis)-篮子鱼(Siganus oramin)食物链中的积累、分布和放大状况。结果表明,4种酞酸酯在龙须菜组织内的积累表现为:邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯(DEHP)>邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)>邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)>邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)。侧链最长的DEHP在龙须菜藻体内的含量随暴露时间的延长呈增加的趋势,30 d体内积累量可达2.35 mg/kg(鲜质量);侧链最短的DMP在龙须菜藻体内的质量比随时间变化差异不显著,约为0.05 mg/kg;在30 d的暴露中,4种酞酸酯DMP,DEP,DBP和DEHP在篮子鱼体内总质量比分别为0.08,0.41,1.72,3.11 mg/kg。其中DBP和DEHP在鱼内脏组织中有较高的积累和分布,分别为1.14 mg/kg和1.83 mg/kg,其次为鱼残体组织,肌肉组织中含量最低。DEHP和DBP在龙须菜和篮子鱼体不同组织中均有一定程度的富集(生物富集系数FBC均大于1)。其中DEHP和DBP在内脏组织中的FBC值分别高达9.16和5.68,在龙须菜-篮子鱼这个简单食物链传递中DEHP和DBP在篮子鱼内脏组织中存在放大现象。 相似文献
2.
建立了超声波振荡提取、固相萃取(SPE)小柱净化、气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)同时测定缢蛏(Sinonovacula Constricta)中13种邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的方法.样品用二氯甲烷超声波振荡提取和硅胶-中性氧化铝(2∶1,m∶m)固相萃取小柱对待测PAEs净化后,使用GC-MS对PAEs进行定性、定量分析.在优化实验条件下,方法的相对标准偏差(RSD)≤9.5 ％(20 ng/g,n=5);缢蛏样品中添加标准的回收率,除邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP,58.6％)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP,62.6％)和邻苯二甲酸二丙酯(DPRP,75.5％)偏低外,其他组分在87.9％(邻苯二甲酸丁苄酯,BBP)～111.1％[邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯,DEHP]之间.方法的定量检出限范围为6.3 ng/g (DMP)～ 32.8 ng/g(邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯,DiBP),可满足海洋生物缢蛏中痕量PAEs日常监测的需要.市售缢蛏样品中共检出3种PAEs,分别为DiBP(31.2 ～55.3 ng/g)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯DnBP(39.7～51.6 ng/g)和DEHP(22.3 ～ 149.2 ng/g),与缢蛏生长环境受PAEs污染种类及PAEs理化性质有关.DEHP污染的地区差异,是样品中DEHP含量差异的原因之一. 相似文献
3.
邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(dimethyl phthalate,DMP)是近海环境有机污染物之一,不仅对海洋生物造成毒害,且能在生物体内富集和放大,对海洋生态系统形成严重威胁。本文以鼠尾藻(Sargassum thunbergii)为研究对象,通过测定比生长速率、叶绿素a含量、光合和呼吸速率、光合基因rbcL转录水平上的相对表达量等指标,研究了鼠尾藻对不同浓度DMP的响应。结果表明,低浓度的DMP(0.lmg/L)短时间内(≤15d)能促进鼠尾藻的生长和叶绿素a的合成,并使藻体的光合作用增强,诱导光合基因rbcL的表达,而在高浓度DMP(≥0.3mg/L)的作用下,鼠尾藻的生长速率、光合和呼吸速率、rbcL基因的表达量均随着暴露时间的延长呈明显下降趋势,且DMP浓度越高,降幅越大。以上研究结果对了解DMP对鼠尾藻胁迫的影响机制奠定了基础,为保护海洋经济藻类的养殖环境提供了理论依据。 相似文献
4.
邻苯二甲酸二甲酯及其异构体的好氧微生物降解 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
3种苯二甲酸二甲酯异构体(邻、间和对苯二甲酸二甲酯)主要应用于化学工业,作为增塑剂和生产聚酯的原料。用邻苯二甲酸二丁酯为惟一碳源,从红树林底泥中驯化、富集、培养、分离得到的微生物对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(Dimethylphthalate,DMP)及其异构体对苯二甲酸二甲酯(Terephthalate,DMT)和间苯二甲酸二甲酯(Isophthalate,DMI)具有较强的降解作用。此菌株16SrDNA分子生物学的鉴定为Rhodococcusruber1k。实验得出该菌能够在苯二甲酸二甲酯作为惟一碳源和能源的培养基中生长。浓度为50mg·L-1的DMP、DMI和DMT分别在6、10、11d内可以完全被降解;DMP能够在好氧条件下被该菌快速降解,生成邻苯二甲酸一甲酯(monomethylphthalate,MMP)和邻苯二甲酸(phthalicacid,PA)2种主要中间产物,最终可以完全矿化成CO2和H2O;该菌对DMI和DMT的降解速度则比DMP慢。两者的降解中间产物间苯二甲酸一甲酯(MMI)和对苯二甲酸一甲酯(MMT)却不能被Rhodococcusruber1k继续降解而在培养基中积累。结果表明苯二甲酸二甲基酯的3种异构体能够被红树林底泥中的土著微生物降解。降解速度及降解途径与底物的化学结构有密切关系。 相似文献
5.
6.
东海表层沉积物中邻苯二甲酸酯的分布特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(3)
邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)广泛存在于各种环境介质中,其毒性和持久性已经引起了人们的高度关注。本文采用气相色谱(GC)测定了东海表层沉积物中的4种常见的PAEs(DMP、DEP、DBP和DnOP),分析了其分布特征及生态风险。东海海域表层沉积物中4种PAEs总量介于180.3~4 897.6ng·g-1 dw(干重)之间,平均浓度为1 435.0ng·g-1,高值区分布在长江口东南、福建沿岸及济州岛西南泥质区的东南部,次高值在浙江沿岸附近。由于调查区域环境的复杂性和特殊性,总PAEs与TOC的相关性比较小。单体PAEs的平均浓度为DBPDEP≈DMPDnOP,DBP含量最高,为55.6~4 349.5ng·g-1;DnOP含量最低,为0.1~90.1ng·g-1;DEP和DMP含量相当,均值分别为132.5和122.1ng·g-1。DBP、DEP和DMP在长江口处均有高值,其他地区的分布略有差异,可能与长江口处存在工业废水和生活污水的输入有关。生态风险评价表明DMP在部分站位的含量超过华盛顿警戒标准,但仍小于ERL值;DBP在部分站位的含量高于ERL值,具有潜在风险。总之,东海表层沉积物中DEP、DMP和DnOP的污染程度和生态风险处于较低水平,而DBP的污染相对严重,应加以重视。 相似文献
7.
以邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(dimethyl phthalate,DMP)为惟一碳源,从中国南海底泥中分离筛选到一株高效降解菌株,即伯克霍尔德氏菌Bukholderia.sp.DA2.该菌株降解DMP及其邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(Dimethyl phthalate,DMT)和间苯二甲酸二甲酯(Dimethyl dimethyl isophthalate,DMI)2种异构体的效果显著.B.sp.DA2菌株能够在8d内好氧降解矿化100mg·L-1的DMT,15d内好氧降解矿化400mg·L-1的DMP.但对于200mg·L-1的DMI,则不能彻底降解矿化,反应终止在生成间苯二甲酸一甲酯中间产物的阶段.研究表明,B.sp.DA2菌株降解DMT及DMP的途径相似,首先脱酯生成单酯和甲醇,继而水解酸化,直至彻底矿化.降解速率及其途径,与化学结构密切相关. 相似文献
8.
为揭示环境激素邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(Dibutyl phthalate,DBP)与邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(Diethyl phthalate,DEP)对杜氏盐藻的抑制机理,研究了DBP与DEP对杜氏盐藻(Dunaliella tertiolecta)生长情况、β-胡萝卜素含量、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性、丙二醛(Malonaldehyde,MDA)含量和亚显微结构的影响。结果表明,DBP与DEP对藻细胞生长均有抑制作用,但二者作用机制不同:在DBP作用下藻体SOD活性持续增强,细胞膜结构损伤,MDA含量显著增加,表明DBP可能通过作用藻体的膜结构,引起细胞氧化损伤,最终导致细胞死亡。DEP使得藻体SOD活性先增强后减弱,β-胡萝卜素显著增加,亚显微结构中膜结构未发现明显损伤,但淀粉粒大量增加,线粒体畸形,藻体可能通过合成β-胡萝卜素和淀粉粒抵御氧化胁迫,但大量的物质合成可能导致细胞代谢紊乱,加速藻细胞衰亡。本研究为揭示邻苯二甲酸酯类环境激素的环境行为提供了科学依据。 相似文献
9.
龙须菜对重金属汞胁迫的生理响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了大型海藻龙须菜(Gracilaria lemaneiformis)对不同浓度重金属汞(0、0.02、0.04、0.10、0.20和0.40 mg/L)胁迫的生理响应.结果表明:当 Hg2+浓度逸0.02 mg/L 时,龙须菜藻体的相对生长速率显著下降,并且当 Hg2+浓度达到0.20和0.40 mg/L 时,龙须菜出现负增长.随着 Hg2+浓度的升高,龙须菜藻体的最大光化学量子产量、最大净光合速率和表观光合效率逐渐下降,叶绿素 a、类胡萝卜素和藻胆蛋白含量则呈先升高后下降的趋势,且当 Hg2+浓度逸0.10 mg/L 时,叶绿素 a、类胡萝卜素和藻胆蛋白含量显著下降.说明龙须菜在受 Hg2+胁迫的环境中耐受性较差,且 Hg2+对龙须菜的毒害作用较大,当Hg2+浓度逸0.02 mg/L 时,龙须菜藻体的生理活动就会受到显著抑制. 相似文献
10.
以红树植物老鼠簕作为实验材料,通过模拟海水实验,研究了不同质量浓度(0、1、2、5、10、20mg/L)的邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)污染暴露对老鼠簕幼苗叶绿素含量、比值及抗氧化酶系统(SOD,POD,CAT)等生理指标的影响。结果表明:(1)当DBP浓度为5mg/L时,DBP污染对老鼠簕幼苗叶绿素含量具有一定促进作用,其余浓度DBP污染均会使老鼠簕幼苗叶绿素含量显著下降; DBP污染对老鼠簕幼苗叶绿素a/b比值基本无影响;(2)随着DBP浓度升高,老鼠簕幼苗抗氧化酶活性均呈现先上升后下降的变化。说明DBP污染会导致老鼠簕幼苗叶片衰老;低浓度DBP暴露(≤10mg/L)可以诱导老鼠簕幼苗抗氧化酶系统活性增加,并保持一定时间细胞内活性氧平衡,高浓度DBP暴露(10mg/L)会对老鼠簕幼苗的抗氧化酶系统产生不可逆的损伤。研究结果也为红树林湿地的保护,DBP的生态风险评价及污染控制提供了科学参考。 相似文献
11.
Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
12.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
13.
Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
14.
G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
15.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
16.
Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
17.
The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
18.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
19.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
20.