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目前,水位流量关系受单一因素影响的拟合,已有了比较成熟的方案,但对于受多因素影响的水位流量关系的拟合,尚没有理想的方案。多方案加权模型就是基于多因素影响的水位流量关系而建立的,本文运用了系统理论方法和数理统计理论对多方案加权模型从理论上进行了分析,并通过对湖南省朗梨水文站的实测水位流量资料的拟合,对其有效性进行了探讨。 相似文献
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针对现有水位流量关系线型物理机制不强及流量估算不确定性来源考虑不充分问题,以北江流域石角水文站为例,推导该测站水位流量关系,基于BaRatin模型评估流量测量误差及率定样本选取对估算流量不确定性的影响。发现河槽控制宽浅矩形断面水位流量关系为幂函数,其系数可用糙率、河宽、比降表达,指数为定值5/3;考虑流量测量误差后高水估算流量总不确定性减小32%;率定数据增加1倍、3倍,高水估算流量总不确定性减小12%、34%。结果表明:① 水位流量关系模型建立方法可推广至多类型测站;② 高水测量误差对率定精度影响较大,建议提高高水流量测量精度;③ 现有实测水位与流量数据存在信息冗余,主要存在于低水数据中,本方法可减少率定数据使用,降低整编成本。 相似文献
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针对现有水位流量关系线型物理机制不强及流量估算不确定性来源考虑不充分问题,以北江流域石角水文站为例,推导该测站水位流量关系,基于BaRatin模型评估流量测量误差及率定样本选取对估算流量不确定性的影响。发现河槽控制宽浅矩形断面水位流量关系为幂函数,其系数可用糙率、河宽、比降表达,指数为定值5/3;考虑流量测量误差后高水估算流量总不确定性减小32%;率定数据增加1倍、3倍,高水估算流量总不确定性减小12%、34%。结果表明:①水位流量关系模型建立方法可推广至多类型测站;②高水测量误差对率定精度影响较大,建议提高高水流量测量精度;③现有实测水位与流量数据存在信息冗余,主要存在于低水数据中,本方法可减少率定数据使用,降低整编成本。 相似文献
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测站的水位流量关系由于受到多种因素的影响,没有固定的曲线线型,使得水位流量关系曲线的延长变得较为困难。多层递阶方法将预测系统视为动态系统,具有跟踪系统时变参数的特性,但没能考虑高相关影响因子的重要性。回归分析考虑到了高相关影响因子的重要性,但由于采用定常参数建模,不能反映动态系统时变参数的特性。将多层递阶方法和回归分析方法结合起来,用于单一水位流量关系曲线的高水延长。方法克服了传统的单一水位流量关系曲线高水延长时线型的需要选择、精度难以控制、效率低和不易程序化等缺点,为单一水位流量关系曲线的高水延长提供了一种新途径。 相似文献
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采用混合蛙跳算法对中小河流一维水力学模型进行流量求解,并结合辽宁西部中小河流测流断面实测流量数据,对比分析混合蛙跳算法在中小河流一维水力学模型流量求解的适用性和计算精度。研究结果表明:经过和测流断面实测流量数据对比,混合蛙跳算法在中小河流水力学模型流量推求中具有较高的计算精度,适用于中小河流一维水力学模型的流量计算。研究成果对于中小河流流量自动观测提供方法参考。 相似文献
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多源降水融合是精准估计降水时空分布的重要途径, 多聚焦降水量或降水强度的误差订正, 对短历时降水雨区辨识的重视不足。提出考虑有雨无雨辨识的多源降水融合框架, 耦合地理加权逻辑回归与地理加权回归模型, 构建兼顾雨区辨识及雨量估计的降水融合方法, 并应用于汉江流域MSWEP V2.1与地面站网观测日降水融合。结果表明: 所提方法成功再现有雨无雨空间格局并刻画了降水中心, 整体强化了MSWEP V2.1对地面降水的表征能力, 降低误报率和误报降水量的幅度超过了60%, 提高临界成功指数和Kling-Gupta效率系数达40%以上; 较降水空间插值数据, 削减误报降水量并提升Kling-Gupta效率系数高于10%;另外, 较参考数据, 降水融合改善强降水事件(雨强≥50 mm/d)分辨精度的增益不低于60%。所提方法有效改善了降水估计效果, 为多源降水融合提供了新思路。 相似文献
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为了探讨新的加权系数估计方法对于消除或减弱证据层不满足条件独立性假设时对预测结果的影响, 对加权证据权模型的加权系数估计方法进行了新的探讨,尝试用顺序估计法估计加权系数.加权系数的顺序估计法是将加权证据权模型与基于模糊预测对象的证据权模型相结合,将证据层按照一定顺序逐步加入到加权证据权模型中,在加入到模型的过程中依次用已经获得的后验概率作为模糊训练层对证据层加入到模型的顺序进行修正,并通过条件相关系数的方法估计加权系数.分别以1组多元正态分布模拟数据和个旧锡铜多金属矿产资源预测为例,比较了多种模型的后验概率,结果表明加权证据权模型对减弱证据层不满足条件独立性假设所产生的影响是有效的. 相似文献
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在研究了水文相关中利用最小二乘原理进行回归分析方法的基础上，指出了传统水文回归分析方法的使用条件、局限性和存在的问题。提出了不同性质的变量在回归分析时应区别对待的概念。结合水文观测的实际情况，研究了相关变量观测值均存在误差情况下，以变量的观测误差作权进行回归分析的概念，提出了建立基于最小二乘原理基础上的双加权回归模型，并研究了该模型的解算方法。同时推导了估计参数和预测值的误差估计公式，通过估计参数和模型误差的研究，有助于提高水文变量回归的精度和误差估计水平。 相似文献
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Limitations of real-time models for forecasting river flooding from monsoon rainfall 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Very intense rainfall during the southwest and northeast monsoons causes severe river flooding in India. Some traditional
techniques used for real-time forecasting of flooding involve the relationship between effective rainfall and direct surface
runoff, which simplifies the complex interactions between rainfall and runoff processes. There are, however, serious problems
in deducing these variables in real time, so it is highly desirable to have a real-time flood forecasting model that would
directly relate the observed discharge hydrograph to the observed rainfall. The storage routing model described by Baba and
Hoshi (1997), Tanaka et al. (1997), and Baba et al. (2000), and a simplified version of this model, have been used to compute observed river discharge directly from observed hourly
rainfall. This method has been used to study rainfall–runoff data of the Ajay River Basin in eastern India. Five intense rainfall
events of this basin were studied. Our results showed that the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency of discharge prediction for these
five events was 98.6%, 94.3%, 86.9%, 85.6%, and 67%. The hindcast for the first two events is regarded as completely satisfactory
whereas for the next two events it is deemed reasonable and for the fifth it is unsatisfactory. It seems the models will yield
accurate hindcast if the rainfall is uniform over the drainage basin. When the rainfall is not uniform the performance of
the model is unsatisfactory. In future this problem can, in principle, be corrected by using a weighted amount if rainfall
is based upon multiple rain-gauge observations over the drainage basin. This would provide some measure of the dispersion
in the rainfall. The model also seems unable to simulate flooding events with multiple peaks. 相似文献
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最小一乘方松弛计算法 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以加权最小二乘法为基础的最小一乘方松弛算法,能有效削弱异常数据的影响,获得更稳健的回归方程.该算法适用于多元线性回归模型的参数估计,并以实例验证了该算法的稳健性. 相似文献
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加权支持向量回归机及其在水质预测中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
支持向量机是一种基于结构风险最小化原理的学习技术，也是一种新的具有很好泛化性能的回归方法。本文对用于回归估计的标准支持向量机加以改进，提出了一种新的用于回归估计的支持向量机学习算法，针对各样本重要性的差异，给各个样本的惩罚系数和误差要求赋予不同权重，并利用加权支持向量回归机的理论及其算法构建水质预测模型。实验结果表明，该方法对水质具有较好的预测效果。 相似文献
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Tai Ho Choo Soo Kwon Chae Hyeon Cheol Yoon Yeon Moon Choo 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(2):675-683
Discharge is an important factor in river design for water utilization, water control and hydraulic structures; therefore, an accurate estimation of the discharge is required. At present, a rating curve depicting the relationship between a stage and discharge is used to calculate the discharge from river systems. Although the rating curve has an advantage in that it can predict and use the discharge during the flood season in which the measurement is difficult, there is room for improvement as it does not reflect the hydraulic characteristics of rivers. Therefore, in this study, discharge was predicted using the convenient calculation method with empirical mediating variables of the Manning and Chezy equations which were proposed by the author’s previous research as a new methodology for estimating discharge in an open channel. This was proven, based on the data measured in a meandering open channel system in a lab at the Mississippi River in the US and at the Columbia Del Dique Canal, and an accuracy level at a coefficient of 0.8 was demonstrated. Thus, this method, which reflects the hydraulic characteristics and predicts the discharge in a simple manner, is expected to be convenient in practice. 相似文献
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漳卫河中下游河道断面变化较大,该流域的洪水预报调度十分复杂。传统的水文学方法只是借助于历史洪水进行汇流参数率定,本文借助于水力学方法和河道实测断面,利用Easy Riv1D模型对河道洪水演进模拟研究,取得了较好的预报效果,可以为漳卫河流域的河道洪水演进提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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A GIS-based multi-criteria analysis model for earthquake vulnerability assessment using Choquet integral and game theory 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Developing an accurate model for discharge estimation techniques of the ungauged river basin is a crucial challenge in water resource management especially in under-development regions. This article is a thorough review of the historical improvement stages of this topic to understand previous challenges that faced researchers, the shortfalls of methods and techniques, how researchers prevailed and what deficiencies still require solutions. This revision focuses on data-driven approaches and GIS-based methods that have improved the accuracy of estimation of hydrological variables, considering their advantages and disadvantages. Past studies used artificial intelligence and geo-statistical methods to forecast the runoff at ungauged river basins, and mapping the spatial distribution has been considered in this study. A recommendation for future research on the potential of a hybrid model utilizing both approaches is proposed and described. 相似文献