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1.
The error distributions of the wind fields retrieved from single and dual-Doppler radar observations are given inthis paper.The results indicate that the error of dual-Doppler retrieval depends on the position in the scan region of thedual-Doppler radar.The error of single-Doppler retrieval by using velocity azimuth processing(VAP)technique de-pends on the angle between the directions of wind and the radar beam.Generally,the winds retrieved from single Doppl-er radar are close to those retrieved from dual-Doppler radar.But,the error distribution of the single-Doppler retrievalis different from the dual-Doppler retrieval.We simulate the retrievals of single Doppler observation by the use of theoutput wind data from a 3-D numerical model of severe convection.The comparison of the simulated single-anddual-Doppler retrievals shows that the VAP may be a suitable technique for the operational analysis of mesoscale windfields.It can also be used as a supplement to wind field retrieval in the field experiment.  相似文献   

2.
笛卡儿坐标系的双多普勒天气雷达三维风场反演技术   总被引：27，自引：9，他引：27  
周海光  张沛源 《气象学报》2002,60(5):585-593
文中研究了笛卡尔坐标系下双多普勒天气雷达三维风场反演技术 ,提出了包括雷达原始资料的预处理 ,空间插值以及可靠性检验的新方法 ,提高了反演结果的可信度和精确度。使用模拟的双多普勒雷达体扫资料进行了反演试验 ,结果表明 :本文的方法能够比较真实地反映风场的三维结构 ,可以用于真实风场的反演。  相似文献   

3.
研究了双多基地多普勒雷达资料的配对方法、风场反演的区域和精度,并研制了基于三维变分方法的双多基地多普勒雷达系统的风场反演系统.利用安徽四创电子股份有限公司研制的一个主动雷达和两个侧向接收天线组成的双多基地多普勒雷达系统获取的外场试验资料,进行了风场反演试验.该风场反演方法利用主动雷达和被动接收系统测量的径向速度作为弱约束,用质量连续方程作为强约束,来反演三维速度场.利用Advanced Regional Prediction System(ARPS)模式模拟的一次龙卷过程的结果,进行了风场反演的模拟试验.结果表明:双多基地多普勒雷达系统能较准确再现龙卷的中尺度特征和强上升气流的结构,从上下两个方向进行垂直积分可以减小垂直速度的反演误差,利用两个侧向接收系统的资料能进一步减小径向速度随机误差对风场反演的影响,增大风场反演的范围.三个分系统单独获取的资料空间配对效果很好,利用不同雷达径向速度反演的风场比较近似,反演的风场与径向速度定性分析和速度方位显示方法(VAD)结果比较一致,该双多基地多普勒雷达系统同步观测技术设计合理,在实时探测三维风场特别是探测近地层风场方面有广泛的应用潜力.  相似文献   

4.
A multiple-Doppler radar wind retrieval system is established by using a three dimensional variation method. The system consists of two parts. One is to interpolate reflectivities and radial velocities of nine Doppler radars of the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) into one analysis domain. The other is to retrieve three dimensional winds by minimizing a cost function that includes the following costs and constraints: the observed radial velocity cost, background wind cost, continuity constraint and smoothness constraint. In order to verify the performance of the system, retrieved winds are compared with observed winds obtained from five wind profilers of KMA. The performance of the system depends on the relative position to the baselines between Doppler radars. However, the performance of the system is enhanced when the number of overlaps among the radial velocities increases. The system is applied to the analysis of the evolution of a mesoscale convective system (MCS) on the Changma front on 1 July 2005. The analysis result shows that a new convective cell is developed by the convergence of the low troposphere winds at the organizing stage. The analysis of the vertical vorticity reveals that, among the two vorticity generation terms to be calculated utilizing the retrieved winds, tilting or twisting source dominates the divergence source in most convective regions. The strong downdrafts associated with the storm are produced on the downdraft branch of a meridional direction secondary circulation across the Changma front.  相似文献   

5.
1. Introduction Armijo (1969) proposed the three-dimensional wind retrieved equations using multiple-Doppler weather radar network in Cartesian space. There are many sources of error for recovering 3D wind using these equations. These factors include advection and turbulence in the weather system, the error of the empirical relationship between the radar reflectivity factor and the terminal fall velocity of the precipita- tion particle, integrating the air mass continuity equa- tion (problem …  相似文献   

6.
The application of the single Doppler radar dataset analysis is usually confined to the assumption that the actualwind is linearly distributed or uniform locally.Following some dynamic features of convective weather,a conceptualmodel of moderate complexity is constructed,wherewith a horizontal wind perturbation field is retrieved directly fromthe single Doppler radar measurements.The numerical experiments are based on a 3-D cloud model-generatedconvective cell,whose radial velocity component is taken as the radar observations that are put into the closed equationsbased on the conceptual model to retrieve the horizontal wind perturbation field.After the initial field is properlytreated,the retrieval equation is solved in terms of the 2-D FFT technique and the sensitivity to noise is examined.Finally,contrast analysis is done of the retrieved and the cloud model output wind fields,indicating the usefulness of theapproach proposed in this paper.  相似文献   

7.
The application of the single Doppler radar dataset analysis is usually confined to the assumption that the actual wind is linearly distributed or uniform locally.Following some dynamic features of convective weather,a conceptual model of moderate complexity is constructed,wherewith a horizontal wind perturbation field is retrieved directly from the single Doppler radar measurements.The numerical experiments are based on a 3-D cloud model-generated convective cell,whose radial velocity component is taken as the radar observations that are put into the closed equations based on the conceptual model to retrieve the horizontal wind perturbation field.After the initial field is properly treated,the retrieval equation is solved in terms of the 2-D FFT technique and the sensitivity to noise is examined.Finally,contrast analysis is done of the retrieved and the cloud model output wind fields,indicating the usefulness of the approach proposed in this paper.  相似文献   

8.
Based on a cloud model and the four-dimensional variational (4DVAR) data assimilation method developed by Sun and Crook (1997), simulated experiments of dynamical and microphysical retrieval from Doppler radar data were performed. The 4DVAR data assimilation technique was applied to a cloud scale model with a warm rain parameterization scheme. The 3D wind, thermodynamical, and microphysical fields were determined by minimizing a cost function, defined by the difference between both radar observed radial velocities and reflectivities and their model predictions. The adjoint of the numerical model was used to provide the gradient of the cost function with respect to the control variables. Experiments have demonstrated that the 4DVAR assimilation method is able to retrieve the detailed structure of wind, thermodynamics, and microphysics by using either dual-Doppler or single-Doppler information. The quality of retrieval depends strongly on the magnitude of constraint with respect to the variables. Retrieving the temperature field, cloud water and water vapor is more difficult than the recovery of the wind field and rainwater. Accurate thermodynamic retrieval requires a longer assimilation period. The inclusion of a background term, even mean fields from a single sounding, helped reduce the retrieval errors. Less accurate velocity fields were obtained when single-Doppler data were used. It was found that the retrieved velocity is sensitive to the location of the retrieval domain relative to the radars while the other fields have very little changes. Two radar volumetric scans are generally adequate for providing the evolution, although the use of additional volumes improves the retrieval. As the amount of the observations decreases, the performance of the retrieval is degraded. However, the missing observations can be compensated by adding a background term to the cost function. The technique is robust to random errors in radial velocity and calibration errors in reflectivity. The boundary conditions from the dual-Doppler synthesized winds are sufficient for the retrieval. When the retrieval is mainly controlled by the observations in the regions away from the boundaries, the simple boundary conditions from velocity azimuth display (VAD) analysis are also available. The microphysical retrieval is sensitive to model errors.  相似文献   

9.
利用福建龙岩、漳州、泉州新一代多普勒天气雷达和厦门海沧双偏振雷达探测资料,采用动态地球坐标系下双雷达三维风场反演与拼图技术,基于天气研究和预报模式（Weather Research and Forecasting,WRF）及其资料同化系统,对登陆台风“莫兰蒂”（1614）引起的2016年9月14—15日福建强降水过程进行了双雷达风场反演拼图资料检验及其三维变分同化对强降水精细预报影响的数值试验,结果发现:（1）动态地球坐标系下双雷达反演风场能合理反映实际风场分布状况,其误差相对较小。相较厦门翔安风廓线雷达及厦门探空秒级测风数据,反演风风向（风速）平均绝对误差分别为7.8°（2.6 m/s）及3.4°（1.1 m/s）;（2）反演风场水平方向稀疏化对同化及预报结果极为重要,过密的反演风场资料会给同化及预报结果带来负效果。文中采用18、6、2 km 3重嵌套,在3重嵌套区域均进行同化以及仅在2 km区域进行同化两种情况下,均表现为当反演风场资料水平分辨率提高到0.1°时,同化分析及预报的台风环流开始受到负影响;且当反演风场资料水平分辨率越高时,负效果越明显。敏感性试验结果显示,分辨率取0.2°时数值预报效果最好;（3）以美国国家环境预报中心全球预报系统（National Centers for Environmental Prediction/Global Forecast System,NCEP/GFS）0.5°×0.5°分析场为初值,基于3个不同起报时刻（2016年9月14日14时、20时及15日02时）（北京时,下同）模拟的福建省境内台风内核雨带和螺旋雨带逐时演变、台风路径与强度、逐时降水TS评分和空间相关差异显著,其中14日14时起报试验效果最好;而14日20时起报试验效果最差,这与该试验初始台风大风轴风速明显偏大有关;（4）在上述3个不同起报时刻试验基础上,分别增加双雷达反演风场资料的三维变分同化后,福建境内地面风场和台风内核雨带、螺旋雨带逐时分布、逐时降水TS评分和空间相关、台风环流结构以及U、V风垂直廓线分布均有明显改善,最大正影响时效可达24 h;但仅对1—6 h时效内台风路径有改善。   相似文献   

10.
The four-dimensional variational (4DVAR) data assimilation method was applied to dual-Doppler radar data about two Meiyu rainstorms observed during CHeRES (China Heavy Rain Experiment and Study). The purpose of this study is to examine the performance of the 4DVAR technique in retrieving rainstorm mesoscale structure and to reveal the feature of rainstorm mesoscale structure. Results demonstrated that the 4DVAR assimilation method was able to retrieve the detailed structure of wind, thermodynamics, and microphysics fields from dual-Doppler radar observations. The retrieved wind fields agreed with the dual-Doppler synthesized winds and were accurate. The distributions of the retrieved perturbation pressure, perturbation temperature, and microphysics fields were also reasonable through the examination of their physical consistency. Both of the two heavy rainfalls were caused by merging cloud processes. The wind shear and convergence lines at middle and lower levels were their primary dynamical characteristics. The convective system was often related to low-level convergence and upper-level divergence coupled with up-drafts. During its mature stage, the convective system was characterized by low pressure at lower level and high pressure at upper level, associated with warmer at middle level and colder at lower and upper levels than the environment. However, a region of cooling and high pressure occurred in the lower and middle levels compared to warming and low pressure in the upper level during its dissipating stage. The water vapor, cloud water, and rainwater corresponded to the convergence, the updraft and the intensive reflectivity, respectively.  相似文献   

11.
本文使用二维变分风场反演方法对浙江台州2003年4月12日一次超级单体风暴的多普勒天气雷达探测资料进行低层风场反演研究。二维变分方法以均匀风场反演结果作为初猜场,在目标泛函中加入散度和涡度约束作为正则项来降低不适定性的影响。反演得到的低层水平风场比较好的符合超级单体风暴的组织化的气流结构和强的风切变,通过对散度场垂直积分获得垂直速度,上升气流主要集中在强回波区域,下沉气流一个位于风暴前进的左侧的弱回波区,一个位于钩状回波的内侧。  相似文献   

12.
利用构造的均匀和涡旋风场模拟了单多普勒雷达径向风资料,分析了VAP方法对不同类型风场的反演能力,发现VAP方法对均匀风场反演能力很强,而对涡旋风场反演效果较差,这主要与该方法局地均匀风假定有关。据此,针对不满足VAP方法假定条件的局地非均匀风场,提出了扩展VAP方法,并用模拟资料进行了对比试验,结果表明,扩展VAP方法能显著提高局地非均匀风场的反演能力,反演风场在风速大小和方向上都更趋于合理。通过实例反演以及与双多普勒雷达反演结果对比,进一步证实了扩展VAP方法的反演能力。  相似文献   

13.
根据济南齐河多普勒雷达体扫资料,采用EVAP方法对山东2009年9月19—20日一次积层混合云降水进行风场反演,反演风场能细致地揭示本次降水过程中尺度风场的演变过程,清楚地给出了风场中尺度结构、辐合线的位置及二者演变特征。各个层次风场变化与常规探空观测的结果基本一致,降水过程前半段存在中尺度辐合线,后期随着冷空气加强南侵并完全控制了中低层,对应的地面降水也由强减弱并逐渐结束。由于反演风场能实时反映出中尺度辐合线的位置,有利于人工影响天气作业的时机及部位的选择。  相似文献   

14.
双多普勒雷达反演强风暴三维风场的数值试验   总被引：17，自引：4，他引：17  
两部雷达测得的径向速度再加上质量连续方程可以求解大气风场，利用这一原理，以1996年6月29日发生在北京东北部京冀交界处的一次强风暴过程为例，用模式反演出风暴体的三维风场结构，误差分析表明和实况基本一致。利用模式输出的三维风场，先模拟两部多普勒雷达扫描的数据，在此基础上，进行三维风场反演，结果表明，反演得到的流场和模拟的流场总体趋势完全一致，风暴的中心位置吻合较好，上升气流和下沉气流的分布也很接近，水平速度分量反演的误差很小，基本上可以反映三维风场的真实情况。垂直速度的平均离差在各个高度上都较小，反演结果较好。  相似文献   

15.
周海光 《高原气象》2009,28(6):1422-1433
受“凤凰”低压和冷空气共同影响, 2008年8月1~2日安徽省东部和江苏西部部分地区出现大雨, 局部地区暴雨到特大暴雨。滁州和全椒24 h雨量分别为429 mm和414 mm, 此次特大暴雨具有局地性和降水强度大的特点。使用南京和马鞍山双多普勒雷达时间同步观测资料, 对此次暴雨的三维风场进行反演, 在此基础上, 研究了暴雨的三维风场结构。由雷达回波分析可知, 此次暴雨是由β中尺度对流系统造成的, 在β中尺度对流系统内部还有γ中尺度对流单体, 对流单体发展非常旺盛。中低层切变线自西向东移入降水区后, 在该地区停留较长时间, 加之有充足的水汽供应, 造成了局地特大暴雨。在垂直剖面内, 对流系统发展旺盛, 强降水区上空回波较强且对应着较强的上升气流区, 而在强回波中心区的两侧均有下沉气流。当切变线减弱并移出降水区后, 强降水停止。  相似文献   

16.
多普勒雷达风廓线的反演及变分同化试验   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文
为了将雷达风场资料更好地应用到数值预报模式中, 使用VAD方法反演多普勒雷达风廓线并处理成标准的探空资料进行变分同化试验。结果表明: VAD方法反演的风廓线与探空实况对应较好, 验证了用VAD技术反演风廓线的可行性。用GRAPES-Meso模式的三维变分同化系统对雷达风廓线资料进行同化后, 风场的初始场明显改善, 降水强度和落区预报也有不同程度的改善。其中, 对6 h降水预报的改善明显优于对24 h的预报改善。另外, 在短时强降水预报中, 雷达风场资料的同化频率和同化窗口的不同, 对降水预报的改善情况也有所差异。在个例研究中, 同化间隔为1 h的方案6 h降水预报要优于同化间隔为3 h和6 h的方案, 同化窗口为3 h的试验方案6 h降水预报要好于同化窗口为6 h的试验方案。  相似文献   

17.
In this paper,a scheme of dual-Doppler radar wind analysis based on a three-dimensional variational method is proposed and performed in two steps.First,the horizontal wind field is simultaneously recovered through minimizing a cost function defined as a radial observation term with the standard conjugate gradient method,avoiding a weighting parameter specification step.Compared with conventional dual-Doppler wind synthesis approaches,this variational method minimizes errors caused by interpolation from radar observation to analysis grid in the iterative solution process,which is one of the main sources of errors.Then,through the accelerated Liebmann method,the vertical velocity is further reestimated as an extra step by solving the Poisson equation with impermeable conditions imposed at the ground and near the tropopause.The Poisson equation defined by the second derivative of the vertical velocity is derived from the mass continuity equation.Compared with the method proposed by O’Brien,this method is less sensitive to the uncertainty of the boundary conditions and has better stability and reliability.Furthermore,the method proposed in this paper is applied to Doppler radar observation of a squall line process.It is shown that the retrieved vertical wind profile agrees well with the vertical profile obtained with the velocity–azimuth display(VAD)method,and the retrieved radial velocity as well as the analyzed positive and negative velocity centers and horizontal wind shear of the squall line are in accord with radar observations.There is a good correspondence between the divergence field of the derived wind field and the vertical velocity.And,the horizontal and vertical circulations within and around the squall line,as well as strong updrafts,the associated downdrafts,and associated rear inflow of the bow echo,are analyzed well.It is worth mentioning that the variational method in this paper can be applied to simultaneously synthesize the three-dimensional wind field from multiple-Doppler radar observations.  相似文献   

18.
Summary In this paper, a new three-dimensional variational analysis scheme capable of retrieving three-dimensional winds from single Doppler observations of convective storms is developed. The method incorporates, in a single cost function, Doppler radar observations, a background field, smoothness and mass continuity constraints, and the residual of reflectivity or radial velocity conservation. By minimizing this cost function, an analysis with the desired fit to these constraints is obtained in a single procedure. In tests with both simulated and real thunderstorm cases, detailed structures of the storms are well retrieved in comparison with reference analysis. Unlike most kinematic retrieval methods, our scheme is capable of directly dealing with data voids. When an analysis background is available, say from a proximity sounding, a wind profiler, or a numerical model forecast, the method naturally blends Doppler radar observations with it. Thus, a smooth transition is obtained between data-rich and data-void areas. These features, among others, are important if the analysis is to be used to initialize storm-scale numerical models or for diagnostic studies of storm structures.  相似文献   

19.
李红莉  王叶红 《湖北气象》2007,26(3):211-216
利用变分方法反演单多普勒雷达资料,得到风矢量场。同时,利用MM5伴随模式同化系统,结合一次暴雨过程,设计四种方案,进行数值模拟试验。结果表明,通过变分方法反演的雷达资料的应用对于暴雨的分布预报有明显的改善作用;运用伴随方法同化雷达资料后可改善对暴雨中心的预报;对于各个物理量误差的减少,雷达资料的应用也起到重要作用,尤其是对于风场作用较为明显;雷达资料的应用可加快伴随模式同化系统目标函数的收敛,得到最优初始场。  相似文献   

20.
利用多普勒天气雷达资料及反演风场和常规观测资料,对2014年11月2日发生在北黄海（山东半岛北部海上）一次罕见海龙卷风暴的中尺度特征进行了分析。结果表明：冷空气、暖湿海面热力边界、山东半岛北部近海岸西北风与偏西风的辐合线是海龙卷风暴发生的天气背景。海龙卷风暴发生时雷达回波PPI最大分贝反射率因子为60 dBZ,高度为2.0 km,最高风暴顶为4.5 km,最大垂直累积液态水含量VIL为21 kg·m-2。利用雷达反演风场进行中尺度特征分析,结果表明：在海龙卷风暴发生发展过程中,低层风辐合对应4.0 km高度上是风辐散,海上有较强的偏南暖湿气流输送到雷暴区。中尺度动力特征：最大正涡度和散度辐合在1.0 km以下,低层正涡度和散度辐合、高层散度辐散是雷暴发生初期动力特征;低层没有正涡度和散度辐合、高层为正涡度和散度辐合是雷暴开始发展的动力特征;低层和高层为大的正涡度和散度辐合是雷暴成熟阶段的动力特征。高空冷空气叠加上低空强的偏南气流,造成局地涡度加大和低层辐合加强,使低层暖湿气流倾斜上升。海龙卷与辐合区的冷空气和暖湿气流有关。  相似文献   

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