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1.
中亚热带山区土地利用变化对土壤有机碳储量和质量的影响 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
通过对中亚热带山区天然林、人工林(用材林和经济林)、次生林、果园和坡耕地等7 种典型土地利用方式的土壤有机碳储量及质量的研究, 结果表明: 中亚热带山区天然林转变 为其他土地利用类型后, 土壤有机碳储量下降了25.6%~51.2%, 而表层0~20 cm 土壤有机碳 储量下降了45.1%~74.8%, 比底层土壤有机碳对土地利用变化的响应更为敏感。土壤轻组有机碳储量(0~60 cm) 下降了52.2%~84.2%, 轻组有机碳占总有机碳比例从13.3%降到3.0% ~10.7%, 比土壤总有机碳对土地利用变化更为敏感。天然林转变为其他土地利用类型后土壤 有机碳损失巨大的原因主要与凋落物归还数量及质量, 水土流失和经营措施对土壤(特别是表层土壤) 的扰动引起土壤有机质加速分解等因素有关。坡耕地人为干扰最严重, 土壤有机 碳下降幅度最大。中亚热带山区土地利用变化引起土壤有机碳储量下降幅度高于全球平均水平, 主要与区域降水和地貌条件有关。因此, 保护山区脆弱生态环境, 加强天然林保护和植 被恢复, 合理营造人工林, 减少耕作, 对山区土壤碳吸存、减缓大气CO2 浓度升高和气候变化以及促进山区可持续开发的生态服务功能发展都具有重要意义。 相似文献
2.
中亚热带山区土地利用变化对土壤有机碳储量和质量的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Land use/cover change (LUCC) is widely recognized as one of the most important driving forces of global carbon cycles. The
influence of converting native forest into plantations, secondary forest, orchard and arable land on stores and quality of
soil organic carbon (SOC) was investigated in mid-subtropical mountainous area of southern China. The results showed that
LUCC had led to great decreases in SOC stocks and quality. Considerable SOC and light-fraction organic carbon (LFOC) had been
stored in the native forest (142.2 t hm−2 and 14.8 t hm−2 respectively). When the native forest was converted to plantations, secondary forest, orchard and arable land, the SOC stocks
decreased by 25.6%, 28.7%, 38.0%, 31.8% and 51.2%, respectively. The LFOC stocks decreased by 52.2% to 57.2% when the native
forest was converted to woodland plantations and secondary forest, and by 82.1% to 84.2% when converted to economic plantation,
orchard and arable land. After the conversion, the ratios of LFOC to SOC (0–60 cm) decreased from 13.3% to about 3.0% to 10.7%.
The SOC and LFOC stored at the upper 20 cm were more sensitive to LUCC when compared to the subsurface soil layer. Also, the
decline in carbon storage induced by LUCC was greater than the global average level, it could be explained by the vulnerable
natural environment and special human management practices. Thus, it is wise to enhance soil carbon sequestration, mitigate
elevated atmospheric CO2 and develop ecological services by protecting vulnerable environment, restoring vegetation coverage, and afforesting in mountainous
area in mid-subtropics.
Foundation: Supported by the Key Project of Ministry of Education of China, No.JA04166
Author: Yang Yusheng (1964–), Professor, specialized in carbon and nitrogen cycles of forest. 相似文献
3.
对中亚热带山区天然常绿阔叶林、次生常绿阔叶林、人工林(针叶林和阔叶林)、柑橘园和坡耕地等典型土地利用方式土壤CO2排放连续3a定位观测,结果表明:天然林改为其它土地利用方式后,土壤CO2排放量显著减少32%~63%,主要原因为地上凋落物归还量减少,地下细根生物量和周转下降,频繁人为干扰和严重水土流失引起土壤有机碳库数量和质量大幅下降。本区天然林改为次生(人工)林,土壤CO2排放量减幅(32%~48%)高出热带平均水平(29%),改为农业用地,土壤CO2排放量减幅(50%~63%)高出全球平均水平(33%)。 相似文献
4.
土地利用变化是全球环境变化的重要组成部分,其可以直接影响到土壤性质的变化。本研究通过中亚热带山区天然林、人工林(用材林和经济林)、次生林、农业用地(橘园和坡耕地)等7种典型土地利用方式土壤性质的研究,结果表明:土地利用变化后土壤有机质和全氮含量下降幅度分别达到52.2%~81.8%和57.9%~172.6%;同时土壤容重增加,pH值升高。而土地利用变化对土壤全磷、全钾的影响的规律较为不明显。综合比较中国区域土地利用变化对土壤性质变化的影响,其中20~25°N纬度带土壤物理化学性质变化幅度最大。 相似文献
5.
海南岛东部地区土地利用方式对土壤有机碳与
易氧化有机碳的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以海南岛东部地区的4种土地利用方式（水田、抛荒地、果园、橡胶林地）的土壤为研究对象,通过对其SOC（土壤有机碳）和ROC（土壤易氧化有机碳）质量分数的测定,分析不同土地利用方式下SOC以及ROC的分布特征。结果表明：研究区的土地利用方式对SOC与ROC具有显著影响,土地利用方式通过影响植被凋落物、根系以及耕作方式、施肥收割等管理措施影响SOC及ROC的分布特征。就整个土壤剖面（0~30 cm）而言,不同土地利用方式下SOC质量分数的分布特征表现为水田＞抛荒地＞果园＞橡胶林地;各土地利用方式下SOC在表层土壤中质量分数最高,并随着土壤层的加深逐渐递减。水田、果园和橡胶林地土壤的ROC质量分数随着土壤深度的加深而逐渐降低,抛荒地呈现出先减少后增加的趋势。不同土地利用方式下土壤ROC质量分数表现为抛荒地＞水田＞果园＞橡胶林地。ROC质量分数的高低顺序与SOC质量分数基本相同。土壤的SOC质量分数是影响ROC质量分数变化的重要因素,相关性分析结果表明：水田、抛荒地和橡胶林地的SOC与ROC质量分数呈极显著正相关,而果园的SOC与ROC质量分数呈显著正相关。4种土地利用方式中水田土壤ROC的分配比例较低,说明水田的SOC稳定性相对于其他土地利用方式较高,有利于土壤碳的储存。 相似文献
6.
Impact of land use conversion on soil organic carbon stocks in an agro-pastoral ecotone of Inner Mongolia 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in terrestrial ecosystems vary considerably with land use types. Grassland, forest, and cropland coexist in the agro-pastoral ecotone of Inner Mongolia, China. Using SOC data compiled from literature and field investigations, this study compared SOC stocks and their vertical distributions among three types of ecosystems. The results indicate that grassland had the largest SOC stock, which was 1.5- and 1.8-folds more than stocks in forest and cropland, respectively. Relative to the stock in 0–100 cm depth, grassland held more than 40% of its SOC stock in the upper 20 cm soil layer; forest and cropland both held over 30% of their respective SOC stocks in the upper 20 cm soil layer. SOC stocks in grazed grasslands were remarkably promoted after ≥20 years of grazing exclusion. Conservational cultivation substantially increased the SOC stocks in cropland, especially in the 0–40 cm depth. Stand ages, tree species, and forest types did not have obvious impacts on forest SOC stocks in the study area likely due to the younger stand ages. Our study implies that soil carbon loss should be taken into account during the implementation of ecological projects, such as reclamation and afforestation, in the arid and semi-arid regions of China. 相似文献
7.
Land use and cover change(LUCC) is an important indicator of the human-earth system under climate/environmental change,which also serves as a key impact factor of carbon balance,and a major source/sink of soil carbon cycles.The Heihe River Basin(HRB) is known as a typical ecologically fragile area in the arid/semi-arid regions of northwestern China,which makes it more sensitive to the LUCC.However,its sensitivity varies in a broad range of controlling factors,such as soil layers,LUCCs and calculation methods(e.g.the fixed depth method,FD,and the equivalent mass method,ESM).In this study,we performed a meta-analysis to assess the response of soil organic carbon(SOC) and total nitrogen(TN) storage to the LUCC as well as method bias based on 383 sets of SOC data and 148 sets of TN data from the HRB.We first evaluated the calculation methods and found that based on the FD method,the LUCC caused SOC and TN storage to decrease by 17.39% and 14.27%,respectively;while the losses estimated using the ESM method were 19.31% and 18.52%,respectively.The deviations between two methods were mainly due to the fact that the FD method ignores the heterogeneity of soil bulk density(BD),which may underestimate the results subsequently.We then analyzed the response of SOC and TN storage to various types of the LUCC.In particular,when woodland and grassland were converted into cultivated land or other land types,SOC and TN suffered from heavy losses,while other LUCCs had minor influences.Finally,we showed that increasing the depth of the soil layers would reduce the losses of SOC and TN storage.In summary,we identified a series of controlling factors(e.g.soil layer,the LUCC and calculation method) to evaluate the impact of the LUCC on SOC and TN storage in the HRB,which should be considered in future research. 相似文献
8.
Reducing topsoil salinity and raising carbon stocks through afforestation in Khorezm, Uzbekistan 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
C. Hbirkou C. Martius A. KhamzinaJ.P.A. Lamers G. WelpW. Amelung 《Journal of Arid Environments》2011,75(2):146-155
Agricultural mismanagement of irrigated drylands results in severe soil degradation. Afforestation is an option for ameliorating such degraded land. We evaluated the impact afforestation has on the topsoil (0-20 cm) of salinized degraded cropland in regards to salinity, aggregate stability, and soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in Uzbekistan, Central Asia. The effects of tree plantations established under either furrow or drip irrigation were studied four years following afforestation and two years after irrigation ceased. For comparative study we also sampled fallow land, land with 80 years of tree growth, natural forest, desert ecosystems, and paddy rice fields. Initial furrow irrigation showed to be most effective in improving soil fertility after four years of afforestation; the respective plantations of Populus euphratica and Ulmus pumila showed significant levels of reduced soil salinity and increased aggregate stability and improved SOC stocks. The comparison of the long-term afforested land with the short-term equivalent suggested a C sequestration rate of 0.09-0.15 t C ha−1 year−1. The SOC stocks of the long-term afforestation site exceeded those of the native forest. Hence, a rehabilitation of salt-affected cropland is feasible following the conversion into occasionally irrigated tree plantations, although it takes decades to reach steady-state conditions. 相似文献
9.
安徽省土壤有机碳空间差异及影响因素 总被引：28，自引：2，他引：26
区域土壤碳储量和碳固定潜力及影响因素分析是全球变化中碳循环研究的重要前沿问题。本文采用第二次土壤普查资料,研究了安徽省不同类型土壤的有机碳密度和碳库,分析了影响土壤有机碳分布的自然和人为因素。结果表明,安徽土壤有机碳库为0.71Pg,表层土壤有机碳库为0.28Pg;土壤平均有机碳密度达117.54 t/hm2,碳密度的空间分布为:皖南山区>皖西大别山区>沿长江平原>江淮丘陵区>淮北平原区;气候和植被控制着表层土壤有机碳的省域分布,降水与土壤有机碳含量呈正相关。地形和母质影响土壤亚类间有机碳的差异;土壤总氮与土壤有机碳呈极显著相关,平原区土壤粘粒含量与表层土壤有机碳固定有较大关系。 相似文献
10.
以木兰围场国有林场管理局实施间伐后6种保留密度下（540、650、1 084、1 104、1 408和1 860 株 / hm2）油松人工林为研究对象,研究各土层的土壤有机碳和N、P、K等养分元素含量及其相关关系。研究结果显示：(1) 土壤有机碳含量和碳密度垂直递减特征明显,均随土壤深度的增加而显著减小,当林分密度由540 株 / hm2增加到1 860 株 / hm2时,土壤有机碳含量及碳密度变化规律不尽一致,其分布区间分别为10.56~21.21 g / kg,与5.48~11.70 kg / m2;(2) 林分密度对土壤有机碳及碳密度有显著的影响,1 408 株 / hm2油松林下土壤有机碳含量及碳密度分别与650 株 / hm2和1 860 株 / hm2油松林下土壤有机碳含量及碳密度呈显著性差异,而其它林分密度间无显著差异。当林分密度为1 104 株 / hm2时,各土层土壤全N和P、K的有效量及全量均保持在一个相对较高的水平,在0~60 cm深度土壤全N、全P、全K、有效P和速效K含量均值均达到最高,分别为1.38 g/kg、0.34 g/kg、32.75 g/kg、33.10 mg/kg和118.85 mg/kg;(3) 不同林分密度、不同土层土壤有机碳含量、碳密度与土壤全N及P、K的全量和有效量的相关显著性有差异,对整个土壤剖面而言,土壤有机碳含量及碳密度与土壤全N、全P、速效K均呈显著或极显著正相关;(4) 在本研究林分密度范围内,从林地土壤固碳的角度,建议将油松人工林的林分密度控制在1 104 株 / hm2。 相似文献
11.
开垦对高寒草甸土壤有机碳影响的初步研究 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
在中国科学院海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站地区,选择高寒草甸开垦后形成的一年生人工草地作为研究对象,开垦年限分别为0、1、11、16和20年,利用土壤有机碳密度分组法,进行了0~40cm土层土壤有机碳及不同组分（轻组有机碳,重组有机碳）含量及随开垦年限变化关系的研究。结果表明：高寒草甸开垦后其土壤有机碳的变化主要发生在0~10cm土层,土壤中SOC、LFOC和HFOC呈下降趋势,至20年时分别下降了10.5 %、26.7%、8.1 %,主要原因为当地较为强烈的风蚀作用、耕作侵蚀和开垦加剧了表层（0 ~10cm）土壤有机质的氧化分解,表层土壤中的粗有机物质在降水淋溶作用下,在土体下部重新淀积。而0 ~40 cm土体内,SOC、LFOC和HFOC略有增加,开垦20年,他们的累积速率分别为0.08 t C·hm-2·yr-1、0.07 t C·hm-2·yr-1、0.14 t C·hm-2·yr-1。人工草地长期种植虽然没有改变高寒草甸作为碳汇的基本功能,但却大大降低了其碳汇效应,植物-土壤系统年固定碳量由未开垦前的7.38t C·hm-2·yr-1下降至6.89 t C·hm-2·yr-1。 相似文献
12.
卧龙自然保护区土地利用变化对土壤性质的影响 总被引：24，自引：2，他引：24
森林景观受干扰后的次生演替、人工林种植与农业耕作等在许多方面影响着土壤性质的变化。研究选取了四川卧龙自然保护区作为研究地点 ,阐述湿润高山区的土地利用方式与土壤性质之间的关系。选择了六种典型的土地利用方式加以比较 ,方差分析结果表明 ,不同土地利用之间土壤容重、全氮、有机碳、速效磷、速效钾的含量差异显著。相比之下 ,农田土壤养分含量偏低 ,而灌丛有着较高的有机碳、总氮与有效氮含量。 0～ 4 0cm土壤碳的储量变化幅度不大。综合土壤退化指数表明 ,坡耕地 ,撂荒地与人工林有土壤退化的趋势 ,而灌丛与次生林对土壤的性质有着改善的作用。人工林年龄与土壤有机碳、有机氮的含量正相关。 相似文献
13.
研究了科尔沁沙地南缘土地覆盖由流动沙地向人工林地、农田及固定沙地等转变后,0~60 cm土层有机碳储量的变化。结果表明：农田土壤有机碳含量增加最明显,为流动沙地的3.97倍且相同层间差异均显著;樟子松（Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica）林地、新疆杨（Populus alba var. pyramidalis）林地、小叶锦鸡儿（Caragana microphylla）群落土壤有机碳含量较流动沙地分别增加79.78%、138.20%、73.07%,差异主要在0~20 cm土层;围封草地和中度放牧草地分别增加116.85%和133.71%,差异主要在0~40 cm土层;固定沙地比流动沙地增加49.44%,差异主要在0~20 cm土层。土地覆盖类型转变后,由于受到土壤容重的影响,土壤有机碳密度在0~20 cm土层变化较明显。8种土地覆盖类型可分为4组：CL1（农田）、CL2（新疆杨林地、围封草地、中度放牧草地）、CL3（樟子松林地、小叶锦鸡儿群落、固定沙地）和CL4（流动沙地）。另外,土壤有机碳含量和密度在土壤剖面上的分布也随着土地覆盖类型的变化而不同。 相似文献
14.
In Malaysia, the main land change process is the establishment of oil palm plantations on logged‐over forests and areas used for shifting cultivation, which is the traditional farming system. While standing carbon stocks of old‐growth forest have been the focus of many studies, this is less the case for Malaysian fallow systems and oil palm plantations. Here, we collate and analyse Malaysian datasets on total carbon stocks for both above‐ and below‐ground biomass. We review the current knowledge on standing carbon stocks of 1) different forest ecosystems, 2) areas subject to shifting cultivation (fallow forests) and 3) oil palm plantations. The forest ecosystems are classified by successional stage and edaphic conditions and represent samples along a forest succession continuum spanning pioneer species in shifting cultivation fallows to climax vegetation in old‐growth forests. Total carbon stocks in tropical forests range from 4 to 384 Mg C/ha, significantly wider than the range of total carbon stocks of oil palm plantations, 2 to 60 Mg C/ha. Conversion of old‐growth forest areas to oil palm plantations leads to substantial reduction in carbon storage, while conversion of forest fallows to oil palm plantations may sustain or even increase the standing carbon stock. 相似文献
15.
根据内蒙古第6次森林资源连续清查资料,并结合森林固碳研究的相关成果,分析了内蒙古沙区森林资源的特点,并计算了碳储量的变化。结果表明,内蒙古沙区林地总面积1 097.06万hm2,森林总面积为323.82万hm2;沙区林木总蓄积量为3 633.15万m3,占内蒙古林木总蓄积量的2.67%;沙区林木总固碳储量为1 574.26万t,其中,乔木林总固碳储量为1 044.72万t,灌木林总固碳为205.35万t,根系（乔灌木）总固碳325.91万t。各沙地林木总固碳储量占沙区林木总固碳储量的96.19%,沙漠林木总固碳储量占沙区林木总固碳储量的3.81%。 相似文献
16.
《地理学报(英文版)》2016,(1)
Detailed knowledge about the estimates and spatial patterns of soil organic carbon(SOC) and total nitrogen(TN) stocks is fundamental for sustainable land management and climate change mitigation.This study aimed at:(1) mapping the spatial patterns,and(2) quantifying SOC and TN stocks to 30 cm depth in the Eastern Mau Forest Reserve using field,remote sensing,geographical information systems(GIS),and statistical modelling approaches.This is a critical ecosystem offering essential services,but its sustainability is threatened by deforestation and degradation.Results revealed that elevation,silt content,TN concentration,and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager band 11 explained 72% of the variability in SOC stocks,while the same factors(except silt content) explained 71% of the variability in TN stocks.The results further showed that soil properties,particularly TN and SOC concentrations,were more important than that other environmental factors in controlling the observed patterns of SOC and TN stocks,respectively.Forests stored the highest amounts of SOC and TN(3.78 Tg C and 0.38 Tg N) followed by croplands(2.46 Tg C and 0.25 Tg N) and grasslands(0.57 Tg C and 0.06 Tg N).Overall,the Eastern Mau Forest Reserve stored approximately 6.81 Tg C and 0.69 Tg N.The highest estimates of SOC and TN stocks(hotspots) occurred on the western and northwestern parts where forests dominated,while the lowest estimates(coldspots) occurred on the eastern side where croplands had been established.Therefore,the hotspots need policies that promote conservation,while the coldspots need those that support accumulation of SOC and TN stocks. 相似文献
17.
湿地生态系统是陆地上重要的碳库,其碳储量和排放通量的变化对全球碳循环和气候变化起着重要作用。湿地碳库的变化受到诸多因素的影响,其中土地利用/覆盖变化(LUCC)是影响湿地碳库的主要因素之一。研究表明,土地利用/覆盖变化通过影响湿地植被覆盖状况、土壤湿度、氧化还原电位、微生物活性等方面,影响着湿地的碳储存与碳排放。湿地垦殖后大量的碳被释放出来,湿地的碳汇和碳源功能发生了变化。 相似文献
18.
黑河中游土地利用/覆被变化及其对碳储量影响的预测 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
准确预测未来土地利用/覆盖变化及其对区域碳储量的影响对土地利用决策和气候变化研究具有重要意义。以黑河中游流域为研究对象,基于2000年和2012年两期土地利用解译数据,运用CA-Markov模型,并依据《IPCC 2006指南》提供的清单方法,在对研究区2024年土地利用变化特征进行预测分析的基础上评估了2000-2024年黑河中游土地利用/覆被变化对碳储量的影响。结果表明:2000-2012年,研究区耕地、建设用地、林地和草地面积呈增加趋势,未利用土地和水域面积呈减少趋势,土地利用/覆被变化导致碳储量增加3.22×10^6 t;预测2024年黑河中游土地利用变化同2012年相比,耕地、建设用地、林地占研究区比例分别增加3.18%、0.84%和0.77%,未利用土地、草地和水域占研究区比例分别减少3.32%、1.13%和0.33%;2012-2024年土地利用/覆被变化导致碳储量增加7.55×10^6 t,各土地利用类型变化导致碳储量变化更加明显,其中林地和耕地增加是碳储量增加的主要原因,建设用地增加是碳储量减少的主要原因。总体来看,2012-2024年耕地、建设用地、林地将继续呈增加趋势,未利用土地和水体将继续呈减少趋势;2012-2024年较2000-2012年土地利用变化导致碳储量增加4.33×10^6 t,固碳能力表现出较明显的提高。 相似文献
19.
Afforestation in China’s subtropics plays an important role in sequestering CO2 from the atmosphere and in storage of soil carbon (C). Compared with natural forests, plantation forests have lower soil organic carbon (SOC) content and great potential to store more C. To better evaluate the effects of afforestation on soil C turnover, we investigated SOC and its stable C isotope (δ13C) composition in three planted forests at Qianyanzhou Ecological Experimental Station in southern China. Litter and soil samples were collected and analyzed for total organic C, δ13C and total nitrogen. Similarly to the vertical distribution of SOC in natural forests, SOC concentrations decrease exponentially with depth. The land cover type (grassland) before plantation had a significant influence on the vertical distribution of SOC. The SOC δ13C composition of the upper soil layer of two plantation forests has been mainly affected by the grass biomass 13C composition. Soil profiles with a change in photosynthetic pathway had a more complex 13C isotope composition distribution. During the 20 years after plantation establishment, the soil organic matter sources influenced both the δ13C distribution with depth, and C replacement. The upper soil layer SOC turnover in masson pine (a mean 34% of replacement in the 10 cm after 20 years) was more than twice as fast as that of slash pine (16% of replacement) under subtropical conditions. The results demonstrate that masson pine and slash pine plantations cannot rapidly sequester SOC into long-term storage pools in subtropical China. 相似文献
20.
岩溶山区不同植被群落土壤生态系统特性研究 总被引：14，自引：4，他引：10
自然植被演替成为次生植被、人工林或人工开垦利用后,岩溶山地土壤物理性能退化;沙化现象明显;坡耕地土壤长时间持水供水性能、抗旱性能降低;土壤种子库中草本种子比例大,木本植物种子少,土壤种子库退化更严重。研究区土壤有机质和全N受植被类型和土地利用强度影响明显,坡耕地土壤有机质较林草地系统低,退耕还林还草后,土壤有机质含量稳定增加。与自然植被相比,人工林、次生林系统土壤有机质含量仍较低。从弃耕地→灌草坡→次生林地的演替过程中,土壤种子库生态优势度呈降低趋势,物种丰富度和多样性增加。研究结果认为,岩溶生态系统土地退化的实质是土壤作为水库、养分库和土壤种子库功能的差异退化。 相似文献