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1.
高寒草甸土壤有机碳储量及其垂直分布特征   总被引:24,自引:0,他引:24  
青藏高原是全球变化的敏感区。高寒草甸草原是青藏高原上最主要的放牧利用草地资源之一。选择青藏高原东北隅海北站内具有代表性的高寒草甸土壤进行高分辨率采样,测定土壤根系和有机碳含量。研究得出,青藏高原高寒草甸土壤贮存有巨大的根系生物量 (23544.60 kg ha-1~27947 kg ha-1) 和土壤有机碳 (21.52 GtC);自然土壤表层 (0~10 cm) 储存了整个剖面土壤有机碳总量的30%左右。比较发现,高寒草甸土壤的有机碳平均贮存量 (23.17×104 kgCha-1) (0~60 cm) 较相应深度的热带森林土壤、灌丛土壤和草地土壤的有机碳贮存量高约1~5倍多。在全球碳预算研究中,青藏高原高寒草甸土壤有机碳库不可忽视。随着全球变暖,表层土壤有机碳分解释放的CO2将增加。为了减少高寒草甸生态系统的碳排放,应加强高寒草甸土壤地表覆被的保护,合理种植深根系植物。这对减缓全球大气CO2浓度升高的速率以及可持续开发高寒草甸的生态服务功能都具有重要意义。  相似文献   

2.
《地理研究》2012,31(1)
纳帕海湿地区4类土壤退化程度由高到低依次为:弃耕地-中生草甸土(AFMMS)、中生草甸土(MMS)、湿草甸土(wMS)和沼泽土(MS),对4类土壤0~10cm(上层)、10~20cm(中层)、20~30cm(下层)进行采样,分析土壤有机碳(SOC)、活性有机碳(LOC)和溶解有机碳(DOC)含量。结果表明:4类土壤间,除AFMMS中下层L0c含量略高于MMS对应层LOC含量外,其它各层SOC、LOC、DOC含量都为AFMMS〈MMS〈wMS〈MS;剖面垂向上,MS的s0C和LOC含量由上向下先增后减,其它土壤SOC、LOC、DOC含量以及MS的DOC含量均由上向下减少;LOC/SOC(%)变化于8.6~16.8%,而DOC/SOC(%)、DOC/LOC(%)更低;除AFMMS外,其它3类土壤SOC和LOC含量呈显著正相关,且LOC和LOC/SOC(%)分异与土壤类型分异有明显的对应关系,而DOC含量与s0C和LOC含量的相关性无明显规律。本研究表明,微地貌制约下的水文情势一植被生态分异对湿地SOc及活性组分的分异有显著影响,而强人为干扰会带来湿地土壤有机碳活性组分的明显损失,缺乏水文生态调控的撂荒式恢复难以有效恢复退化高寒湿地土壤有机碳库;LOC是表征湿地土壤有机碳库及其活性组分变化更为敏感和合适的指标。  相似文献   

3.
纳帕海湿地不同退化状态下土壤有机碳素的分异特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
纳帕海湿地区4类土壤退化程度由高到低依次为:弃耕地—中生草甸土(AFMMS)、中生草甸土(MMS)、湿草甸土(WMS)和沼泽土(MS),对4类土壤0~10cm(上层)、10~20cm(中层)、20~30cm(下层)进行采样,分析土壤有机碳(SOC)、活性有机碳(LOC)和溶解有机碳(DOC)含量。结果表明:4类土壤间,除AFMMS中下层LOC含量略高于MMS对应层LOC含量外,其它各层SOC、LOC、DOC含量都为AFMMS相似文献   

4.
阿尔泰山南坡土壤有机碳密度的分布特征和储量估算   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
在陆地生态系统中土壤有机碳库是重要的碳库之一,对于研究全球碳循环和温室效应有重要影响。通过野外实地采样和室内分析,按照0~10 cm、10~20 cm、20~30 cm、30~40 cm、40~50 cm、50~100 cm的土壤分层方法,综合分析了阿尔泰山南坡土壤有机碳密度的分布特征,并估算了该地区的有机碳储量。结果表明:(1)在阿尔泰山南坡土壤有机碳密度随海拔梯度的变化具有一定的变化规律,海拔在500~2 400 m之间,土壤有机碳密度呈现逐渐增加的趋势;2 400~3 000 m之间,出现下降趋势;(2)土壤有机碳密度在0~100 cm土壤层内呈递减趋势,且不同土层有机碳密度的变异程度不同;在土壤各个土层深度,9种土壤类型的有机碳密度均有显著差异(p0.05);(3)研究区域0~100 cm有机碳储量为0.477 4 Pg,各土壤类型储量差异显著(p0.05),亚高山草甸土的储量最多,山地灰色针叶林土次之,储量最少的出现在高山寒冻土和棕钙土;其中0~30 cm层土壤有机碳储量为0.225 Pg,占总储量的44.13%。研究结果为估算不同土壤类型土壤有机碳密度,以及分析碳源碳汇提供了数据参考,并对进一步研究此地区碳循环具有一定意义。  相似文献   

5.
伊犁山地不同海拔土壤有机碳的分布   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
以乌孙山北坡、科古琴山南坡为例,分析伊犁山地南北坡土壤有机碳的分布特征和影响因素。结果表明:①0-50 cm范围内,高寒草甸、草甸草原土壤有机碳含量较高,荒漠草原土壤有机碳含量最低。土壤有机碳含量均随土壤深度的增加而降低,高寒草甸随土壤深度的增加土壤有机碳下降幅度最大;②伊犁山地土壤腐殖化程度高,氮矿化能力强。大部分海拔的土壤碳氮比随土壤深度的增加而减少。河谷南坡碳氮比降低速率要大于河谷北坡。③土壤有机碳与全氮、全磷以及土壤含水率表现出良好的正相关性;与pH值表现出较好的负相关性,特别是20-50 cm处。植被类型分布和人类活动影响对土壤有机碳垂直变化影响显著。  相似文献   

6.
基于GIS的安徽省土壤有机碳密度的空间分布特征   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
在GIS技术支持下,建立安徽省土壤数据库,揭示安徽省土壤有机碳密度空间分布特征.结果表明:安徽省0-100cm土体中土壤有机碳密度在0.92-40.97 kg/m2之间,均值为10.39 kg/m2;从空间分布上看,从北向南有机碳密度逐渐增加,有机碳密度大部分在3~19 kg/m2之间,其分布面积占总面积的89.72%;在各土壤类型中山地草甸土有机碳密度最大,而潮土、黄褐土、石质土有机碳密度较小;草地的有机碳密度最大,耕地最小;土壤有机碳密度与海拔高度之间存在高度相关,随着坡度、降雨量的增加,平均有机碳密度逐渐加大.  相似文献   

7.
1980s-2010s内蒙古草地表层土壤有机碳储量及其变化   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
戴尔阜  翟瑞雪  葛全胜  吴秀芹 《地理学报》2014,69(11):1651-1660
以我国内蒙古草原为研究区域,结合1982-1988年第二次土壤普查资料以及2011-2012年实地考察数据,构建了基于遥感数据和土壤数据的区域表层土壤有机碳储量估算方法,对研究区1980s和2010s表层土壤有机碳储量、空间分布特征及其变化进行研究,结果表明:(1) 1980s、2010s内蒙古草地表层土壤 (0~20 cm) 有机碳储量分别为2.05 Pg C、2.17 Pg C,土壤有机碳密度约为3.48 kg C·m-2、3.69 kg C·m-2,其空间分布上呈现从草甸草原、典型草原、荒漠草原逐渐降低的特征;(2) 1982-2012年间,内蒙古草地表层土壤有机碳储量略有增加,但增加幅度较小,其中草甸草原和典型草原表层土壤有机碳储量增加,荒漠草原则表现为减少。研究结果将为研究区因地制宜地采取固碳措施,实现草地可持续管理提供科学参考。  相似文献   

8.
为阐明祁连山青海云杉(Picea crassifolia)林分布带对其土壤碳、氮含量的影响,以分布在祁连山东段和西段的典型青海云杉林为研究对象,通过野外取样和室内分析,论述了青海云杉林浅层土壤碳、氮含量特征及其相互关系。结果表明:(1)祁连山东、西段土壤剖面有机碳含量均随土壤深度的增加而减小,但不同土层差异显著性不同,0~40cm含量分别为73.57±17.17g·kg-1和45.85±11.93g·kg-1;东、西段土壤剖面有机碳储量没有明显的变化规律,0~40cm有机碳储量分别为205.51±39.44t·hm-2和134.93±25.80t·hm-2。(2)祁连山东、西段土壤全氮含量随土层深度变化和不同土层差异显著性变化规律同土壤有机碳含量,0~40cm全氮含量分别为4.56±0.88g·kg-1和2.81±0.66g·kg-1;东、西段土壤全氮储量亦同土壤有机碳储量变化规律,0~40cm储量分别为12.77±2.08t·hm-2和8.38±1.56t·hm-2。(3)祁连山东、西段土壤剖面不同土层C/N比差异显著性变化规律相同,其C/N值分别为15.92±1.24和16.10±2.07;C/N比值大小主要取决于有机碳含量;线性分析表明,土壤有机碳与全氮含之间呈极显著的正相关关系,可用乘幂曲线模型Y=aXb较好地描述(p0.01)。上述研究结果可为祁连山水源涵养林建群种青海云杉林的经营和管理提供理论依据和数据支撑。  相似文献   

9.
1980s-2010s中国陆地生态系统土壤碳储量的变化   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4  
徐丽  于贵瑞  何念鹏 《地理学报》2018,73(11):2150-2167
土壤作为陆地生态系统有机碳库的主体,在全球碳循环中起着重要作用。然而,当前区域土壤有机碳储量的变化情况及其碳源/汇功能仍然不清楚。利用中国1980s (1979-1985年)第二次土壤普查数据,同时收集整理2010s(2004-2014年)已发表的有关中国土壤有机碳储量(0~20 cm和0~100 cm)的文献数据,综合评估了1980s-2010s中国土壤有机碳储量的变化情况,并分析森林、草地、农田和湿地等生态系统土壤碳源/汇功能;同时结合现有的中国植被碳储量变化研究,进一步探讨了1980s-2010s中国陆地生态系统的碳源/汇效应。研究发现:① 1980s-2010s中国土壤(0~100 cm)有机碳储量净增长3.04±1.65 Pg C,增长速率为0.101±0.055 Pg C yr-1,其中表层土壤(0~20 cm)的碳汇效应明显;② 森林土壤是固碳主体,净增长2.52±0.77 Pg C,而草地和农田土壤增长有限,分别为0.40±0.78和0.07±0.31 Pg C;③ 湿地有机碳储量净减少0.76±0.29 Pg C;④ 中国陆地生态系统的碳汇效应较强,总碳汇量相当于同期(1980-2009年)化石燃料和水泥生产排放CO2总量的14.85%~27.79%。随着中国森林和草地生态系统植被和土壤的进一步保护、恢复和重建,中国陆地生态系统具有较大的碳汇潜力,在未来全球碳平衡中将发挥更大的作用。  相似文献   

10.
鹤山几种不同土地利用方式的土壤碳储量研究   总被引:41,自引:0,他引:41  
对鹤山几种不同土地利用方式下的土壤碳的研究 ,结果表明不同土地利用方式土壤碳储量存在差异。各种土地利用方式下 ,无论林地果园还是草地土壤有机碳含量均随土壤深度增加而减少。在同一深度不同土地利用下有机碳含量比较一般为 :林地 >果园 >草地。全氮的变化趋势也与有机碳一样 ,随土壤深度增加而递减 ,C N比为 10左右 ,其变化的幅度不明显。土壤有机碳储量的计算有如下结果 :林地为 12 5 .82t·hm- 2 ;果园为 74 .6 6t·hm- 2 ;草地为88.5 3t·hm- 2 。据此认为 ,植树造林及森林保护是缓解大气CO2 浓度上升的有效措施。  相似文献   

11.
Land-use and soil management affects soil organic carbon (SOC) pools, nitrogen, salinity and the depth distribution. The objective of this study was to estimate land-use effects on the distribution of SOC, labile fractions C, nitrogen (N) and salinity in saline-alkaline wetlands in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin. Three land-use types were selected: intact saline-alkaline meadow wetland, artificial shrubbery (planting Tamarix) and farmland (cultivated for 18 years) of soils previously under meadow wetland. SOC, easily oxidized carbon, microbial biomass carbon, total N, NO3--N and salinity concentrations were measured. The results show that SOC and labile fraction carbon contents decreased significantly with increasing soil depth in the three land-use wetlands. The labile fraction carbon contents in the topsoil (0-20cm) in cultivated soils were significantly higher than that in intact meadow wetland and artificial shrubbery soil. The aboveground biomass and soil permeability were the primary influencing factors on the contents of SOC and the labile carbon in the intact meadow wetland and artificial shrubbery soil, however, the farming practice was a factor in cultivated soil. Agricultural measures can effectively reduce the salinity contents; however, it caused a significant increase of NO 3--N concentrations which posed a threat to groundwater quality in the study area.  相似文献   

12.
Land use/cover change (LUCC) is widely recognized as one of the most important driving forces of global carbon cycles. The influence of converting native forest into plantations, secondary forest, orchard and arable land on stores and quality of soil organic carbon (SOC) was investigated in mid-subtropical mountainous area of southern China. The results showed that LUCC had led to great decreases in SOC stocks and quality. Considerable SOC and light-fraction organic carbon (LFOC) had been stored in the native forest (142.2 t hm?2 and 14.8 t hm?2 respectively). When the native forest was converted to plantations, secondary forest, orchard and arable land, the SOC stocks decreased by 25.6%, 28.7%, 38.0%, 31.8% and 51.2%, respectively. The LFOC stocks decreased by 52.2% to 57.2% when the native forest was converted to woodland plantations and secondary forest, and by 82.1% to 84.2% when converted to economic plantation, orchard and arable land. After the conversion, the ratios of LFOC to SOC (0–60 cm) decreased from 13.3% to about 3.0% to 10.7%. The SOC and LFOC stored at the upper 20 cm were more sensitive to LUCC when compared to the subsurface soil layer. Also, the decline in carbon storage induced by LUCC was greater than the global average level, it could be explained by the vulnerable natural environment and special human management practices. Thus, it is wise to enhance soil carbon sequestration, mitigate elevated atmospheric co2 and develop ecological services by protecting vulnerable environment, restoring vegetation coverage, and afforesting in mountainous area in mid-subtropics.  相似文献   

13.
杨玉盛  谢锦升  盛浩  陈光水  李旭 《地理学报》2007,62(11):1123-1131
通过对中亚热带山区天然林、人工林(用材林和经济林)、次生林、果园和坡耕地等7 种典型土地利用方式的土壤有机碳储量及质量的研究, 结果表明: 中亚热带山区天然林转变 为其他土地利用类型后, 土壤有机碳储量下降了25.6%~51.2%, 而表层0~20 cm 土壤有机碳 储量下降了45.1%~74.8%, 比底层土壤有机碳对土地利用变化的响应更为敏感。土壤轻组有机碳储量(0~60 cm) 下降了52.2%~84.2%, 轻组有机碳占总有机碳比例从13.3%降到3.0% ~10.7%, 比土壤总有机碳对土地利用变化更为敏感。天然林转变为其他土地利用类型后土壤 有机碳损失巨大的原因主要与凋落物归还数量及质量, 水土流失和经营措施对土壤(特别是表层土壤) 的扰动引起土壤有机质加速分解等因素有关。坡耕地人为干扰最严重, 土壤有机 碳下降幅度最大。中亚热带山区土地利用变化引起土壤有机碳储量下降幅度高于全球平均水平, 主要与区域降水和地貌条件有关。因此, 保护山区脆弱生态环境, 加强天然林保护和植 被恢复, 合理营造人工林, 减少耕作, 对山区土壤碳吸存、减缓大气CO2 浓度升高和气候变化以及促进山区可持续开发的生态服务功能发展都具有重要意义。  相似文献   

14.
Land use/cover change (LUCC) is widely recognized as one of the most important driving forces of global carbon cycles. The influence of converting native forest into plantations, secondary forest, orchard and arable land on stores and quality of soil organic carbon (SOC) was investigated in mid-subtropical mountainous area of southern China. The results showed that LUCC had led to great decreases in SOC stocks and quality. Considerable SOC and light-fraction organic carbon (LFOC) had been stored in the native forest (142.2 t hm−2 and 14.8 t hm−2 respectively). When the native forest was converted to plantations, secondary forest, orchard and arable land, the SOC stocks decreased by 25.6%, 28.7%, 38.0%, 31.8% and 51.2%, respectively. The LFOC stocks decreased by 52.2% to 57.2% when the native forest was converted to woodland plantations and secondary forest, and by 82.1% to 84.2% when converted to economic plantation, orchard and arable land. After the conversion, the ratios of LFOC to SOC (0–60 cm) decreased from 13.3% to about 3.0% to 10.7%. The SOC and LFOC stored at the upper 20 cm were more sensitive to LUCC when compared to the subsurface soil layer. Also, the decline in carbon storage induced by LUCC was greater than the global average level, it could be explained by the vulnerable natural environment and special human management practices. Thus, it is wise to enhance soil carbon sequestration, mitigate elevated atmospheric CO2 and develop ecological services by protecting vulnerable environment, restoring vegetation coverage, and afforesting in mountainous area in mid-subtropics. Foundation: Supported by the Key Project of Ministry of Education of China, No.JA04166 Author: Yang Yusheng (1964–), Professor, specialized in carbon and nitrogen cycles of forest.  相似文献   

15.
黄河源区高寒草地土壤有机碳储量及分布特征   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
选择位于黄河源区的青海省果洛藏族自治州为研究区,利用第二次全国土壤普查所得的土壤剖面数据以及55个典型土壤剖面的地理位置、土层深度、有机质含量、面积、理化分析数据和1:50万数字化土壤类型图,在GIS的支持下利用土壤类型法对黄河源区草地土壤碳库进行了估算。结果表明,黄河源区土壤碳密度较高,平均土壤有机碳密度为29.97 kg/m2,高寒草地土壤有机碳库主要由高山草甸土和高山草原土的有机碳库构成,研究区土壤有机碳总储量达15×108tC。区域草地土壤有机碳密度及储量呈明显的水平和垂直分异规律。  相似文献   

16.
土壤碳氮是高寒植被响应多年冻土区生态环境变化的重要营养和能源物质,但对其调查仍以生长季的单次采样为主,缺乏对其他季节的研究,这对于准确把握多年冻土区土壤碳氮含量及储量评估存在明显局限性。为此,本研究以青藏高原东北缘祁连山西段疏勒河源多年冻土区高寒草甸为对象,对0—50 cm土层土壤有机碳(Soil Organic Carbon, SOC)、全氮(Total Nitrogen, TN)含量及其比值(C/N)的剖面分布和季节变化及其影响因素进行分析。结果表明:(1)SOC、TN剖面分布规律一致,0—10 cm土层均显著高于10—50 cm各层(P<0.05),0—50 cm深度仅秋季逐渐下降,而春夏冬季0—30 cm递减。(2)SOC、TN含量存在季节变化,SOC表现为夏季>冬季>春季>秋季,TN表现为春秋冬季含量一致,夏季略低。(3)C/N季节变化显著,夏季显著最高,秋季显著最低(P<0.05)。(4)土壤含水量和生物量是影响SOC、TN及C/N剖面分布和季节变化的关键因素。(5)夏季土壤碳氮密度均高于全年平均。可见,仅单一节点(生长季为主)调查以表征全年土壤碳氮储量存在高估趋势。  相似文献   

17.
Soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in terrestrial ecosystems vary considerably with land use types. Grassland, forest, and cropland coexist in the agro-pastoral ecotone of Inner Mongolia, China. Using SOC data compiled from literature and field investigations, this study compared SOC stocks and their vertical distributions among three types of ecosystems. The results indicate that grassland had the largest SOC stock, which was 1.5- and 1.8-folds more than stocks in forest and cropland, respectively. Relative to the stock in 0–100 cm depth, grassland held more than 40% of its SOC stock in the upper 20 cm soil layer; forest and cropland both held over 30% of their respective SOC stocks in the upper 20 cm soil layer. SOC stocks in grazed grasslands were remarkably promoted after ≥20 years of grazing exclusion. Conservational cultivation substantially increased the SOC stocks in cropland, especially in the 0–40 cm depth. Stand ages, tree species, and forest types did not have obvious impacts on forest SOC stocks in the study area likely due to the younger stand ages. Our study implies that soil carbon loss should be taken into account during the implementation of ecological projects, such as reclamation and afforestation, in the arid and semi-arid regions of China.  相似文献   

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