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1.
中国锰矿成矿规律初探-陈毓川院士八十华诞专辑 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
中国锰矿资源较丰富,资源量排名在世界上位列第5.中国锰矿种类多样,有海相沉积型、火山-沉积型、碳酸盐岩中热水沉积型(或“层控”型)、与岩浆作用有关的热液型、受变质型及表生型.其中,海相沉积型占资源量的71.4％,表生型占15.7％,是最主要的两种类型.中国锰矿广泛分布于“泛扬子区”、华北陆块的燕辽地区以及天山和祁连山部分地区,尤以“泛扬子区”为最,并具分布广泛又相对集中的总体特征.中国的成锰时代多,中—新元古代、早古生代(寒武纪、奥陶纪)、晚古生代—早中生代是中国锰矿形成的重要时代.中国锰矿时-空分布的主要特征是“北锰南迁”:中元古代锰矿主要产于华北陆块的燕辽裂谷带,新元古代—古生代锰矿主要产于“泛扬子区”的大陆边缘盆地或台内盆地中.大型、超大型锰矿床或锰矿田的形成,受控于非构造期盆地性质、古海洋结构、古海水性质及海平面升降等因素,其形成环境存在一定的相似性及同源性. 相似文献
2.
中国锰矿的现状与展望 总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2
新中国成立迄今,已累计探明锰矿石7.17亿t。中国锰矿床有4种类型:海相沉积型、沉积受变质型、层控型和风化型。锰矿以地台型为主,地槽型次之。锰矿具有多时代,多层位的特点。矿石贫,富矿短缺。多数矿区已开发利用。钢铁工业要求锰业同步发展。今后应加强我国中西部地区锰矿的勘查与开发,重视两种资源的利用。 相似文献
3.
Dr. Ken R. McClay 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1983,72(2):469-491
Determination of preferred orientations in sulphide ores is an important facet in the analysis of the deformation and metamorphism in ore deposits. The methodology and problems of texture determinations in deformed sulphides are briefly reviewed. Deformation mechanisms and texture development in the common sulphide minerals are summarised. Axi-symmetric experimental deformation of galena, sphalerite and chalcopyrite produces similar pole figures with the (110) planes aligned normal to the compression axis. Deformation textures in naturally deformed sulphides however are best preserved in monomineralic ores which have undergone simple shear deformation. These textures can be correlated with the microstructures found in the sulphides. Computer simulations of deformation textures arising from dislocation mechanisms can be used to interpret the textures but the results to date are preliminary. These theoretical models emphasize the importance of the symmetry of the kinematic axes of the deformation, the operative glide systems and the strain history and the deformation path. Little is known, however, of the influence of static and dynamic recrystallisation on sulphide preferred orientations. 相似文献
4.
Platinum-group elements in Cu-sulphide ores at Carolusberg and East Okiep, Namaqualand, South Africa 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
W. D. Maier 《Mineralium Deposita》2000,35(5):422-429
Cu-sulphide ores at Carolusberg and East Okiep have Cu/Ni ratios of up to 80, an order of magnitude higher than most magmatic
sulphide ores elsewhere. In contrast, Se/S ratios (500–1700 × 10−6) and PGE tenors (up to 5 ppm) of the sulphides are in the range of more typical magmatic sulphide ores. The observed metal
patterns may be explained by a process of monosulphide solid solution (mss) fractionation of a magmatic sulphide melt at depth,
but this model is currently considered unlikely, due to the paucity of refractory ores in the district. Assimilation of Cu-rich
country rocks during ascent of the Koperberg magmas proved difficult to test with the available data, but this provides no
explanation for the common high-grade metamorphic setting of similar ores elsewhere. A restitic origin of the pyroxenites
appears to explain many of the observed ore features and is presently favoured here. Desulphidization of a primary magmatic
sulphide ore could not have yielded the observed metal patterns and is therefore considered to be of relatively minor importance
in ore genesis.
Received: 12 April 1999 / Accepted: 27 November 1999 相似文献
5.
凹凸棒石矿为稀有的非金属矿种，近年来，在甘肃中、西部第三纪地层中发现了大型凹凸棒石矿，矿石总储量可达2.5亿吨，矿石中碘含量较高，西部凹凸棒石含碘约为0.0418%，中部平均含量约为0.0425%，与智力碘硝石的含碘量（0.04%）相当。伴生碘总资源量可达11.7万吨，其中水溶性碘占80%以上，这是世界上首次发现的含碘凹凸棒石矿。将含碘凹凸棒石作为鸡饲料添加剂可以提高产蛋量，所产蛋含碘22～57mg/kg。 相似文献
6.
块状硫化物矿石中硫化物的压溶和增生及成矿意义——以加拿大西部矿床为例 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
加拿大西部块状硫化物矿石普遍地发生过硫化物的压溶和增生。增生作用根据增生体的成分可以分为同质增生和异质增生，根据动力环境可以分为静态增生和动态增生。三晶嵌接结构可以是静态增生的产物。压溶和增生是块状硫化物矿床成岩和变质过程中的重要作用。脉石矿物的压溶可使原生矿石就地加富，硫化物的压溶可使成矿物质发生再活化。增生可促进矿质沉淀。富含硫化物的地层之所以能成为地球化学障而有利于后期热液叠加和层控矿床的形成，硫化物晶芽的增生是一种重要机制。 相似文献
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Tang Zhongli 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》1999,10(1):2
Deep-seated magmatic liquation-injection deposits form a major type of magmatic sulfide deposit in China. The reserves of nickel and copper in this type of deposit may attain several hundred thousand tons (e.g.Hongqi 7 and Karatunggu) to nearly ten million tons (e.g.Jinchuan). Those deposits can be classified as large or superlarge deposits. The ore grade is relatively high, commonly with w(Ni)＞1 %.The mineralized intrusions are small in size, generally only 0.0n km2 to 0.n km2, with the largest one not exceeding a few km2. Before intruding, the primary magmas have undergone liquation and partial crystallization at depth; as a result, the magmas have partitioned into barren magma, ore-bearing magma, ore-rich magma and ore magma, which then ascended and injected into the present locations once or multiple times, to form ore deposits. The above-mentioned mineralizing process is known as deep-seated magmatic liquation-injection mineralization. The volume of the barren magma is generally much larger than those of the ore-bearing magma, ore-rich magma and ore magma. In the ascending process, most of the barren magma intruded into different locations or outpoured onto the ground surface, forming intrusions or lava flows. The rest barren magma, ore-bearing magma, ore-rich magmaand ore magma may either multiple times inject into the same place in which rocks and ores are formed or separately inject into different spaces to form rocks and ores. Such deep-seated magmatic liquation-injection deposits have a much smaller volume, greater ore potential and higher ore grade than those of in-situ magmatic liquation deposits. Consequently, this mineralizing process leads to the formation of large deposits in small intrusions. 相似文献
9.
安徽铜陵冬瓜山铜、金矿床两阶段成矿模式 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
冬瓜山铜金矿床包括层状硫化物矿体、矽卡岩型和斑岩型矿体。层状硫化物矿体具层状形态和层控特征，矿石具块状、层纹状和揉皱状构造。燕山期岩浆岩及其岩浆流体对层状矿体进行了叠加和改造，改变了其结构构造、矿物组合和矿石成分，并在其上叠加蚀变和矿化。层状矿体中的铜是由含铜流体交代块状硫化物矿石形成的。冬瓜山铜金矿床经历了两次成矿作用：第一成矿阶段．在石炭纪中期，海底喷流作用形成了块状硫化物矿床，矿石成分以硫、铁矿为主；第二成矿阶段。燕山期岩浆侵人，一方面岩浆热液与围岩相互作用发生矽卡岩化、硅化、钾长石化、石英绢云母化和青磐岩化，形成矽卡岩型和斑岩型矿体，另一方面岩浆流体对块状硫化物矿体进行叠加改造，致使块状硫化物矿体富集铜等成矿物质。 相似文献
10.
Stratiform Cu-Pb-Zn (-Au-Ag) mineralization associated with black carbonaceous schists and acid metatuffs is restricted to distinct horizons within the Cretaceous sequence of the Diahot region. The sulphides occur in sharply bounded lenses which show varying degrees of compositional banding conformable with the foliation of the country schists. The deposits are sedimentary-exhalative of the Rio Tinto-type and have been modified by mid-Tertiary high-pressure metamorphism (lawsonite-albite and glaucophanitic greenschist facies). The ores are not strongly deformed by the metamorphism and sedimentary structures, pyrite framboids and atoll structures are preserved in some deposits. With increasing metamorphic grade sphalerite becomes more iron-rich, pyrrhotite becomes more abundant, and the sulphides show a general increase in grain-size which parallels that of the silicates in the enclosing rocks. In the more highly metamorphosed deposits the sulphide associations are retrograde assemblages. There is no evidence of large-scale metamorphic remobilization of sulphides. No differences were observed in either the sulphide assemblages or in the composition of the sulphides to indicate that the metamorphism was of the high pressure rather than the low pressure type. 相似文献
11.
通过在西昆仑黑恰—三十里营房地区开展1∶5万水系沉积物扫面、大比例尺矿产地质填图、地质-物探-化探综合剖面测量及槽探等工作,在查明地质特征、成矿类型及成矿规律的基础上,评价该区矿产资源潜力。结果表明: 研究区主要有黑恰海底喷流沉积(改造)型铁多金属矿、阿克塔河南海相沉积型含钛铁矿及阿克塔河北层控型铜金矿3种成矿类型; 划分了7处成矿预测区,其中A类预测区1个,B类预测区1个,C类预测区5个; 铁矿石预测资源量为1 565.69万t,锰矿石预测资源量为39.73万t,铜金属预测资源量为0.35万t,铅金属预测资源量为1.33万t,锌金属预测资源量为2.58万t,钛金属预测资源量为14.76万t; 圈定了5处找矿靶区,其中A类找矿靶区2处,B类找矿靶区3处; 建议进一步对黑恰铁多金属成矿带开展Fe、Pb、Zn找矿工作,扩大找矿成果; 首次在阿克塔河南早石炭世帕斯群发现海相沉积型含钛铁矿矿体,有望取得重大找矿突破。 相似文献
12.
为分析贵州遵义二叠纪锰矿的沉积环境,对谢家坝锰矿床进行常量元素、微量和稀土元素地球化学研究。研究认为：谢家坝锰矿赋存于茅口组顶部含锰岩系中,可分为下矿层豆状、角砾状菱锰矿、似层状菱锰矿,以及上矿层碎屑状、块状菱锰矿的二元结构矿石类型组合,可广泛代表遵义锰矿的矿石特征。谢家坝锰矿上下矿层之间主量元素和稀土元素含量差异较大,常量元素SiO2、TiO2、S、Fe2O3含量上矿层均大于下矿层,MnO、MgO与 Al2O3之间均呈负相关关系;上矿层Fe/Mn值较高,属高Fe低P型锰矿,而下矿层Fe/Mn值较低,属中低Fe低P型锰矿。上矿层稀土元素PAAS标准化配分后呈现较明显的重稀土亏损、弱的轻稀土富集、右倾配分的特征,具有弱的Ce正异常,类似海底铁锰结核稀土元素特征;下矿层呈现弱的中稀土富集,轻、重稀土亏损,弱的帽式分配特征,具明显的Ce负异常,类似典型深部海水沉积稀土元素特征。微量元素Th/U、Ni/Co、V/Cr、V/（V+Ni）、AU等沉积环境古氧相分析指标和稀土元素PAAS标准化配分模式指示,谢家坝锰矿下矿层是在贫氧-厌氧条件下Mn2+与CO32-直接形成菱锰矿,上矿层在常氧-贫氧环境下Mn3+、Mn4+以氧化物或氢氧化物形式沉淀。 相似文献
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Robin Bernau Stephen Roberts Mike Richards Bruce Nisbet Adrian Boyce James Nowecki 《Mineralium Deposita》2013,48(2):137-153
The Lumwana Cu (± Co ± U) deposits of NW Zambia are large, tabular, disseminated ore bodies, hosted within the Mwombezhi Dome of the Lufilian Arc. The host rocks to the Lumwana deposits are two mineralogically similar but texturally distinct gneisses, a granitic to pegmatitic gneiss and a banded to augen gneiss which both comprise quartz–feldspar ± biotite ± muscovite ± haematite ± amphibole and intervening quartz–feldspar ± biotite schist. The sulphide ore horizons are typically developed within a biotite–muscovite–quartz–kyanite schist, although mineralization locally occurs within internal gneiss units. Contacts between the ore and host rocks are transitional and characterized by a loss of feldspar. Kinematic indicators, such as S-C fabrics and pressure shadows on porphyroblasts, suggest a top to the north shear sense. The sulphides are deformed by a strong shear fabric, enclosed within kyanite or concentrated into low strain zones and pressure shadows around kyanite porphyroblasts. This suggests that the copper mineralization was introduced either syn- or pre-peak metamorphism. In addition to Cu and Co, the ores are also characterized by enrichments in U, V, Ni, Ba and S and small, discrete zones of uranium mineralization, occur adjacent to the hanging wall and footwall of the copper ore bodies or in the immediate footwall to the copper mineralization. Unlike typical Copperbelt mineralization, unmineralized units show very low background copper values. Whole rock geochemical analyses of the interlayered schist and ore schist, compared to the gneiss, show depletions in Ca, Na and Sr and enrichments in Mg and K, consistent with replacement of feldspar by biotite. The mineral chemistry of muscovite, biotite and chlorite reflect changes in the bulk rock chemistry and show consistent increases in X Mg as the schists develop. δ34S for copper sulphides range from +2.3?‰ to +18.5?‰, with pyrite typically restricted to values between +3.9?‰ and +6.2?‰. These values are atypical of sulphides precipitated by bacteriogenic sulphate reduction. δ34S data for Chimiwungo (Cu + Co) show a broader range and increased δ34S values compared to the Malundwe (Cu) mineralization. The Lumwana deposits show many characteristics which distinguish them from classical Copperbelt mineralization and which suggests that they are formed by metasomatic alteration, mineralization and shearing of pre-Katangan basement. Although this style of mineralization is reported elsewhere in the Copperbelt, sometimes associated with the more widely reported stratiform ores of the Lower Roan, none of the previously reported occurrences have so far developed the tonnages of ore reported at Lumwana. 相似文献
14.
湘中湘潭盆地大塘坡组锰矿是湖南重要的锰矿基地。盆地内发育一组NNE向同沉积断裂,形成了一系列凹陷带（断陷槽）,控制了沉积岩相的分布,锰矿主要产于盆地凹陷带的黑色页岩夹碳酸锰矿微相内。矿石中Co、Zn、Pb、Mo和Ba等元素丰度较高,Co/Ni、SiO2/Al2O3、(Fe+Mn)/Ti、Al/(Fe+Mn+Al)比值以及Co/Zn-(Cu+Ni+Co)和Fe-Mn-(Cu+Ni+Co)图解都揭示锰矿成矿过程中有海底热水的参与;稀土元素分布模式、Ce、Eu异常表示锰矿形成于被动大陆边缘环境,并具有热水沉积特征;碳同位素结果显示出富集碳的轻同位素的特征,反映了湘中地区锰矿中碳同位素热水沉积的特征;氧同位素计算古温度为湘中地区锰矿的低温热水沉积成因提供了有利的佐证。 相似文献
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我国南方主要锰矿找矿远景区中,大多发育由锰矿控矿褶皱、破矿断裂为主组成的控矿弧形构造带,为逆冲-推覆（重力滑覆）褶断构造带,其低角度的叠瓦状逆冲断层、双重逆冲构造常常造成含锰岩系地层的多次上、下重叠,较多较好地保存了原生锰矿层,但有些破矿断层将含锰岩系错断至深部,被保存下来成为隐伏矿。本文综合归纳逆冲推覆（重力滑覆）构造特征及控矿特征;研究了分布在湘西-滇东一带的湘黔渝毗连区、湘中、黔东南-湘西南、桂中、湘中南、桂西南、滇东南等主要锰矿找矿远景区中发育的弧形逆冲推覆（重力滑覆）构造带特征;对湘西-滇东地区发育的6个主要锰矿找矿远景区内弧形构造带进行了找矿预测,圈定找矿靶区50余处,预测锰矿石资源量26亿吨,为未来锰矿深地探测及资源基地综合调查评价提供新的找矿思路及调查评价方向。 相似文献
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广西东平-足荣大型锰矿床位于桂西南锰矿带上,是广西重要的锰矿富集区。其含矿地层为三叠系北泗组,是一套以硅-泥-灰为主浅海台盆相含锰碳酸盐岩沉积,含锰矿物主要为钙菱锰矿、锰方解石和锰白云石。本文对矿区锰矿层顶部的沉凝灰岩及含锰岩系开展了详细的岩石学、岩石地球化学和锆石U-Pb年代学研究,进而对锰矿成矿时代、成因、沉积环境、沉凝灰岩源区和大地构造背景进行了探讨。锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年结果显示,3件沉凝灰岩样品的锆石呈自形-半自形板柱状,发育良好的岩浆锆石振荡环带结构。~(206) Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值分别为250.8±2.1Ma(MSWD=0.98)、250.6±2.2Ma(MSWD=0.49)和243.6±2.3Ma(MSWD=0.44)。进一步限定了"东平"式锰矿的成矿时代为早-中三叠世(不晚于241～246Ma的范围内)。沉凝灰岩的构造环境判别图解及微量、稀土元素特征显示其岩浆可能形成于与俯冲消减作用相关的碰撞-弧相关或活动大陆边缘相关背景,推测东平-足荣锰矿的形成可能受到广西凭祥-东兴火山作用的影响。含锰岩系的U、V和Mo元素含量及U/Th、V/Cr、V/(V+Ni)、Ni/Co 比值显示东平-足荣锰矿形成于氧化-次氧化的沉积环境。logU-logTh、Fe/Ti-Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)图解及微量元素Ba含量、Ba/Sr值均指示成矿作用受到热水作用的影响。综合矿床地质研究,东平-足荣锰矿形成于弧后盆地拉张构造背景中,锰成矿受同期火山及海底热液作用影响,水体沉积环境为氧化-次氧化条件。 相似文献
18.
Cobalt Deposits in the Central China Orogenic Belt 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
XU Yong Bureau of Geology Exploration B Fuxing Rd. Beijing and ZHU Xinyou Beijing Institute of Geology for Mineral Resources Anwai Beiyuan Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2000,74(3):540-543
Cobalt mostly occurs as an associated metal in Cu-Ni sulphide deposits, skarn Fe-Cu-Pb-Zn deposits and volcanic-hosted massive sulphide (VHMS) or sedex deposits. There are different types of cobalt deposits in the Central China orogenic belt. In the Tamu-Kalangu Mississippi-valley type Pb-Zn deposits, many cobalt-nickel sulphide minerals were found. The cobalt content of the ore is 0.064%-0.46% in sedex-type Kendekeke Fe-Pb-Zn-Au deposits, and cobalt sulphide veins with Co contents of 4%-9% have also been found. About 28000 tons of cobalt reserves were delineated in the Dur'ngoi Cu-Co-Zn deposit of VHMS type in the A'nyemaqen Mountains. It is considered that the exploration potential for cobalt is attractive in this district, especially in sedex-type deposits and Co-rich sulphide veins in sedex-type Fe, Cu and Pb-Zn deposits and their surroundings. 相似文献
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贵州新元古代大塘坡期巨量锰矿成矿物质来源分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
新元古代大塘坡期,贵州松桃等地形成锰矿集聚区,并发育4个世界级锰矿床,累计探明锰资源量达7亿t。但是什么地质条件下,能导致如此巨量的锰质富集成矿,其成矿物质来源问题一直没有得到满意的解释。本文通过对含锰岩系大塘坡组基底板溪群及海底火山岩中锰含量特征、江南造山带演化以及Rodinia超大陆解体与锰矿成矿关系分析,认为基底板溪群中锰含量高,MnO含量达到0. 16%,板溪群风化壳中锰含量更高,MnO达0. 88%。板溪群中的同期岛弧玄武岩含MnO更高,达到0. 25%,它们可能是锰矿成矿的物源层,是形成巨量锰矿的基础;江南造山带造山挤压变质作用,引起板溪群和岛弧玄武岩中锰质活化、迁移富集;Rodinia超大陆解体,在650 Ma发生拉张裂谷作用,使活化富锰变质流体沿着断裂喷流出海底,形成大量锰矿。 相似文献