共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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提出一个综合评估多元判据的大—暴雨客观相似预报方案。方案应用细网格资料和数值天气预报产品，构造预报时刻前后的不同尺度天气系统和多层次各种要素的动态变化的客观相似判据。通过定义非线性的相似指数综合评估历史样本在多元判据下的相似程度，从而找到相似样本。应用相似样本对应的天气过程预报大—暴雨的发生与否，并通过相似指数的权重综合，进行大—暴雨的定量预测。预报试验表明该方案对大—暴雨发生具有一定的预报能力。 相似文献
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提出一个对多元判据综合评估的中期天气客观相似预报模式。模式应用同中期天气过程的时间—空间尺度相适应的经过时间滤波的大气环流背景为客观判据，比较全面地评估了预报时刻前后多层次、多要素的大气环流动态变化的相似，通过定义相似指数综合评估在多元判据下样本的相似程度，从相似时域的历史样本中找到较佳相似的中期过程，预测未来l～10天的中期天气过程。模式检验和预报试验表明该模式具有预报技巧。 相似文献
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基于路径相似的登陆热带气旋降水之动力-统计集合预报模型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
数值天气预报(NWP)过去几十年在热带气旋(TC)预报方面的最大进步是越来越准确的路径预报。对于登陆TC降水的预报,目前以数值模式为代表的技术手段预报能力还十分有限。围绕动力-统计结合之方法研究,初步发展了登陆热带气旋降水(LTP)预报的一种新方法:基于路径相似的登陆热带气旋降水之动力统计集合预报(LTP_DSEF)模型。该方法主要分为五步:TC路径预报、相似路径TC识别、其他特征相似性的判别、TC降水集合预报和最佳预报方案选择;涉及两个关键技术:TC降水分离的客观天气图分析法(OSAT)和TC路径相似面积指数(TSAI)。LTP DSEF模型对2012-2016年影响华南地区出现最大日降水量≥100 mm的21个TC的定量降水预报(QPF)试验结果显示,该模型对登陆TC过程降水的预报结果优于动力模式。登陆TC过程降水≥50 mm情况下,建模样本和独立样本平均TS评分均高于动力模式(EC、GFS、T639)相应的最好表现。对LTP_DSEF模型三个最佳方案的参数取值分析显示,起报时刻参数设定为最临近影响时刻即TC对陆地产生降水的前一天12:00 UTC、集合参数取最大值时预报效果稳定趋好。 相似文献
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热带气旋相似和最大概率集成预报方法及其预报业务试用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用建立在计算机系统的热带气旋历史资料,经反复试验提出了一套集热带气旋发生的日期相似、地理位置相似、路径相似和强度相似等相结合的挑选“最相似”热带气旋的方案;并利用所挑选的路径和强度“最相似”历史样本,分别对各预报时效的移动方向、移动速度和强度进行分级概率值统计,根据最大概率值选取相应的移向、移速和强度作为热带气旋路径和强度的预报。本方法已在计算机系统成功开发并投入业务试用,检验结果表明：本方法具有一定的预报能力,其输出的未来24、48、72小时的路径和强度预报对预报员有一定参考价值。 相似文献
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对多时刻环境因子与热带气旋路径相关的统计分析表明，初始时刻环境场因子对热带气旋路径的预报能力随预报时效的增长而下降；未来时刻环境因子的预报能力高于初始时刻环境场因子；对于一定预报时效的热带气旋路径，具有较高预报能力环境场因子出现时刻大多不与预报时效同时刻；对于４８￣１２０小时的预报时效，初始时刻后４８－７２小时的环境场因子具有较高的预报能力。对ＮＷＰ产品进行统计释用的热带气旋路径预报模式优于用初如 相似文献
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以往热带气旋路径的多种客观定量统计预报模式由于受当时预报信息条件限制,在构造预报模式时,引入的预报因子均为预报初始时刻或之前的热带气旋参数、环境场参数及导出因子.由于热带气旋是在气旋本身内力、地球自转及外部环境场作用力综合作用下进行移动,而这些因素在气旋移动过程中又发生相当大的变化.这些变化往往是复杂的非线性变化过程.应用初始时刻预报因子的统计预报方法由于不能处理大气变化的主要非线性性质,严重影响了其预报精度与技巧水平的提高.尤其是预报时效超过48小时后,缺乏大气动力学与热力学基础的统计预报模式的预报误差的积累往往使预报结果失去意义.此外在应用这些预报模式时,许多预报因子的取得依赖于人工读数,费时费力,难以纳入自动化预报系统. 相似文献
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热带气旋路径相似预报在目前的业务预报中仍占有很重要的地位，本系统采用各种历史资料及实时资料，结合主要天气系统和５００ｈＰａ数值预报形势场，选取热气旋路径０小时、２４小时、４８小时的相似个例，即它不但可以用实况场选取热带气旋的相似过程，而且可以根据数值预报形势场（包括预报热带低压位置）来动态的选取相似过程。 相似文献
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利用天气图、卫星云图等资料,分析了0308号强热带风暴"天鹅"的高空环流形势及演变、双热带气旋的影响、日本24小时地面预报图和降水预报图以及FY-2云图,探讨了如何预报热带气旋的移动路径、登陆地点和时段,切实提高热带气旋活动的预报准确率. 相似文献
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An objective prediction approach to the 6 h-144 h track and intensity of tropical cyclones over the northwestern Pacific is proposed. On the basis of both analog deviation technique and completed historical sample curve library, the track or intensity prediction for each forecast period are determined respectively through the optimum weighted superposition of displacement or intensity change of the cases, with different number and weighted coefficient corresponding to minimal analog deviation, from different tropical cyclone or different stage of the same cyclone. so that the prediction results for both forecast period and entire process are optimal. The verification suggests that the approach exhibits better forecast performance than other previous forecast methods by having remarkable decreasing forecast errors in short-and medium-range forecast of both track and intensity,and that the approach can also be used to predict effectively the decay process of tropical cyclone and is able to predict anomalous track and tropical depression. 相似文献
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目前中国气象局全球集合预报系统（China Meteorological Administration Global Ensemble Prediction System,CMA-GEPS）利用CMA全球数值预报系统分析场计算奇异向量（ANSV）,欧洲中期天气预报中心采用同化背景场计算奇异向量（FCSV）,在业务流程上先于计算ANSV,可优化集合预报系统运行时间。为此,在CMA-GEPS中探索采用FCSV进行集合预报的可行性,分析ANSV和FCSV的空间分布及相似指数,进而针对夏秋季节10个个例开展采用ANSV和FCSV的全球集合预报试验,从等压面要素集合预报技巧、中国地区24 h累积降水概率预报技巧、台风路径集合预报技巧、台风中心最低海平面气压预报技巧等方面对比二者结果。结果表明:ANSV和FCSV的主要结构特征相似,两组集合预报结果相当,表明在CMA-GEPS中使用FCSV可行,可作为未来高分辨率CMA-GEPS业务系统建设的选项。 相似文献
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A quantitative scheme is put forward in our work of forecasting the storm rainfall of typhoons for specific sites.Using the initial parameters,weather situations and physical quantities as well as numerical weather prediction products,the scheme constructs multivariate,objective and similarity criteria for environmental factors for the time between the current and forthcoming moment within the domain of forecast.Through defining a non-linear similarity index,this work presents a comprehensive assessment of the similarity between historical samples of typhoons and those being forecast in terms of continuous dynamic states under the multivariate criteria in order to identify similar samples.The historical rainfall records of the similar samples are used to run weighted summarization of the similarity index to determine site-specific and quantitative forecasts of future typhoon rainfall.Samples resembling the typhoon being forecast are selected by defining a non-linear similarity index composed of multiple criteria.Trial tests have demonstrated that this scheme has positive prediction skill. 相似文献
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热带气旋致灾因子综合影响强度评估指标研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
整理了1949—2008年311例热带气旋影响浙江时各气象站的风雨资料、海洋观测站风暴潮资料、灾情资料等，用典型相关分析、历史灾情反演等方法建立了反映热带气旋致灾因子(风、雨、风暴潮)综合影响强度和影响范围的评估模型与等级指标。研究结果将浙江热带气旋致灾因子综合影响强度分为5级，1级最强。根据评估模型与指标对311个热带气旋进行了等级评价，并分析了各等级影响强度出现频率的空间分布特征。研究表明，1～5级影响热带气旋都有可能给浙江省带来损失，特重灾情一般由1级影响热带气旋造成，2级影响热带气旋带来的灾情也很严重，年均1.1个热带气旋的综合强度在3级以上，有可能带来较严重灾情；全省各地受热带气旋影响的强度自东而西递减，其中1级(特强)影响区域主要在东部沿海地区。 相似文献
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K. Prasad 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2006,91(1-4):183-199
Summary Results of an earlier study of cyclone track prediction using a quasi-Lagrangian model (QLM) to generate track forecasts of
up to 36 hours were reported by Prasad and Rama Rao (2003). Further experiments to produce track forecasts of up to 72 hours
with an updated version of the same model have been carried out in the present study. In this case, the ability of the model
to predict recent historical cyclones in the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea has been assessed. Analysis of some of the structural
features of analyzed and predicted fields has been carried out. Such fields include wind distribution and vertical motion
around the cyclone centre. In addition, the merging of an idealized vortex with the large scale initial fields provided by
a global model, has been carried out for a particular case study of a May 1997 storm, which hit the Bangladesh coast. This
current study has demonstrated that the model generates a realistic structure of a tropical cyclone with an idealized vortex.
Performance evaluation has been carried out by computing the direct position errors (DPE). The results of which show that
the mean error for a 24 h forecast is about 122 km, which increases to about 256 km for a 48 h forecast and 286 km for a 72 h
forecast. These figures are comparable to similar errors in respect of tropical cyclone forecasts produced by an advanced
NWP centre, viz., the UKMO global model during the corresponding period, 1997–2000 (obtained from UKMO web site). The average
forecast errors of the UKMO model are 160 km for 24 h, 265 km for 48 h, 415 km for 72 h forecast ranges. 相似文献
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Tropical cyclone track and intensity prediction: The generation and assimilation of high-density, satellite-derived data 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
J. F. Le Marshall L. M. Leslie R. F. Abbey Jr. L. Qi 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2002,80(1-4):43-57
Summary The impact of recent scientific and technological advances in tropical cyclone track, intensity and structure modeling is
discussed. Since the early 1990s, developments have occurred in remote sensing, data assimilation procedures, numerical models
and high performance computing. In particular, there is now quasi-continuous high spatial and temporal resolution data coverage
over the previously data-sparse oceans where tropical cyclones spend most of their life cycles. There has been a rapid development
of data assimilation methodologies capable of using these data to initialize high-resolution prediction models. Model developments
have reached a stage of maturity where the representation of many of the physical processes necessary for improved tropical
cyclone track and intensity prediction are now included. Finally, available computer power has reached the teraflop range.
Most operational centers have high performance computers capable of tropical cyclone modeling at resolutions necessary for
skillful track and intensity simulations.
This article focuses on combining all of the above developments in a tropical cyclone data analysis and prediction system.
The system has produced statistically significant reductions in the mean forecast error statistics for tropical cyclone track
predictions and resulted in far more realistic simulations of tropical cyclone intensity and structure. A large number of
tropical cyclones have been modeled, with emphasis on those classified as being “difficult” storms to predict accurately.
These difficult storms are most responsible for rapidly growing forecast errors. Our results are illustrated by case studies
of such tropical cyclones.
Received October 9, 2001 Revised December 28, 2001 相似文献
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介绍跟随热带气旋的动态合成方法,可以避免把简单算术平均的合成方法用于热带气旋分析时,不可避免地会带来信息平滑的问题.该方法采用随热带气旋移动的动态坐标,热带气旋中心即为坐标的的原点,将各个样本相同坐标的格点进行算术平均即可得到动态合成场.该方法可以使热带气旋结构保持相对完整,而且热带气旋周围环流系统的相对位置也基本得到保留;并给出了一个例子说明该方法是适用于热带气旋分析的. 相似文献