共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
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利用建立在计算机系统的热带气旋历史资料，经反复试验提出了一套集热带气旋发生的日期相似、地理位置相似、路径相似和强度相似等相结合的挑选“最相似”热带气旋的方案；并利用所挑选的路径和强度“最相似”历史样本，分别对各预报时效的移动方向、移动速度和强度进行分级概率值统计，根据最大概率值选取相应的移向、移速和强度作为热带气旋路径和强度的预报。本方法已在计算机系统成功开发并投入业务试用，检验结果表明：本方法具有一定的预报能力，其输出的未来24、48、72小时的路径和强度预报对预报员有一定参考价值。 相似文献
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中央台和日本数值模式热带气旋预报误差的对比检验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解我国中央气象台和日本对西太平洋热带气旋数值预报的质量，用１９８５～１９９０年３８个西太平洋热带气旋资料，统计分析了中央台和日本数值预报的平均误差。统计结果表明，对热带气旋路径的２４小时预报，日本预报明显优于中央台；对中心气压的２４小时预报，日本与中央台水平相当；对近中心最大风速２４小时预报，中央台略好于日本预报。 相似文献
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三个路径相似降雨特征不同的热带气旋分析 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7
比照路径相似台风的降雨制作台风降雨预报是台风业务预报的常规方法之一。但台风飞燕、桃芝及一次热带低庄路径虽极为相似，它们的降雨强度和降雨分布则差异很大。通过对台风飞燕、桃芝及一次热带低压的大气环流形势特征、物理量场诊断结果和卫星云图的对比分析，发现热带气旋影响地的前期环境场、热带气旋影响期间西风带低槽和副热带高压的强弱及其相互配置以及它们与热带气旋的相互作用是造成路径相似的三个热带气旋出现降雨差异的主要原因。该分析结果对台风降雨的业务预报有实际意义。 相似文献
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对多时刻环境因子与热带气旋路径相关的统计分析表明，初始时刻环境场因子对热带气旋路径的预报能力随预报时效的增长而下降；未来时刻环境因子的预报能力高于初始时刻环境场因子；对于一定预报时效的热带气旋路径，具有较高预报能力环境场因子出现时刻大多不与预报时效同时刻；对于４８￣１２０小时的预报时效，初始时刻后４８－７２小时的环境场因子具有较高的预报能力。对ＮＷＰ产品进行统计释用的热带气旋路径预报模式优于用初如 相似文献
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应用地面资料，选取以每两两点组合计算合力点，取合力点的平均位置与热带气旋中心连线上的时间截距，考虑外推及经度订正研制出用变压场作用力的综合分析做热带气旋路径预报的方法。在近几年的应用中取得好的效果。热带气旋路径预报24小时的平均误差为136.8kg,48小时的平均误差为220.9km,1999年编制了一套软件使之与9210工程数据接口，从而实现业务化。 相似文献
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该文提出一个热带气旋定量降水预报(QPF) 的动力相似方案。方案应用热带气旋初始参数、历史过程的天气形势场和物理量场及数值预报产品, 构造预报区域内当前时刻至未来时刻环境要素场的多元客观相似判据。通过定义非线性的相似指数综合评估历史热带气旋样本与预报热带气旋在多元判据下的连续动态相似程度, 以此找到相似样本。应用相似样本的历史降水量记录进行相似指数的权重综合, 得到热带气旋未来6~48 h降水量的定点、定量预报值。预报试验表明该方案具有一定的预报技巧。 相似文献
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Xue Jishan Wang Kangling Wang Zhiming Huang Minqiang Zhang Xuehong Yuan Chongguang 《大气科学进展》1988,5(1):1-14
In this paper, a tropical limited numerical prediction p.e. model in sigma coordinate is developed. The predicted variables are deviations from a rest reference atmosphere. This transformation is of benefit in reducing truncation error and guarantees computational stability after the very steep real topography is introduced into the model. The numerical tests with this model show that the large-scale obstacle of the Tibetan Plateau is not negligible in forecasting tropical systems like the South China Sea typhoon. 相似文献
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中国近几年热带气旋研究进展 总被引：16，自引：7，他引：16
总结了中国过去几年尤其是“八五”结束后热带气旋领域取得的研究成果。主要包括以下几个方面的内容：热带气旋的结构、数值预报研究、业务数值预报评估、热带气旋暴雨、热带气旋的气候特征以及热带气旋的灾害等等。 相似文献
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Five prediction experiments are carried out with two typhoons in 1992 using a limitedarca primitiveequations and two-way interactive model in a movable,nested mesh. The result indicates good agreementin terms of motion between the prediction and observation. Studying the asymmetric structure in the cases selected, a close link is uncovered between the temporal evolutions of the structure and the track of motion in a tropical cyclone. Understanding of real asymmetric structure will help to improve the skill offorecasting tropical cyclones. 相似文献
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非对称的非绝热加热对热带气旋移动影响的数值研究 总被引：18，自引：3，他引：15
采用中尺度数值模式（MM4）,以9414号台风为个例,应用卫星资料,引入非对称的非绝热加热,讨论其对9414号台风移动的影响。计算结果表明,引入与实况吻合的非对称非绝热加热分布后,该台风的路径预报和降水预报有明显改进,若同时考虑台风范围初始水汽场的非对称分布,这种改进作用尤为明显。从业务应用考虑,还构造了几种典型的螺旋状结构的非绝热加热计算方案引入模式的热力过程中,结果表明:不同螺旋状结构的加热分布对台风的移动有不同的影响,当选择与实况云系分布相近的螺旋状结构时,也可提高台风路径预报正确率,可应用于业务模式。 相似文献
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R. L. Elsberry 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1995,56(1-2):81-99
Summary Considerable advancements have recently been made in understanding tropical cyclone motion. Based on these new understandings, the requirements for accurate tropical cyclone motion prediction with dynamical models can be specified. Four issues related to dynamical track prediction are the initial specifications of the environmental wind field, the symmetric vortex and the asymmetric vortex structure, as well as the adequacy of the models to predict the time evolution of each of these three components of the total wind field. Recently developed barotropic and limited-region or global baroclinic models are examined in terms of these issues. The capability of the Hurricane Research Division barotropic model to provide skillful track forecasts to 48 h retrospectively substantiates that tropical cyclones motion is governed by barotropic dynamics to first order. Limited-region baroclinic models are demonstrated to have many of the numerical characteristics, physical process representations, and initial condition specifications that will be required to properly predict tropical cyclone tracks. In particular, the semioperational Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory model most closely addresses all of the above issues, and has demonstrated potential for markedly improved tracks for a small sample of cases. Finally, the inclusion of some aspects of tropical cyclone structure in the initial conditions of global baroclinic models has improved their track predictions. Thus, the outlook is for a significant improvement in dynamical track predictions.With 6 Figures 相似文献
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The landfall of tropical cyclones in the eastern part of China falls in the category of small
probability events. Constructing a step function with intervals adequately divided can help reflect the non-linear
distribution of conditional probability for a landfall event. For the prediction of landfall event probability, factors applying the step function in transformation are superior to the standardized factors that are linearly related. The prediction scheme discussed in the work uses transformation factors of step function to formulate prediction models for tropical cyclones making landfalls in eastern China, through screening with non-linear correlative ratios and REEP analysis. Classified models for statistic-synoptics, statistic -climatology and statistic-dynamics have been constructed using initial field data and numerical prediction output. Forecasting skills have been improved due to ensemble of predictions using these classified models. As shown in forecasting evaluations and experiments, the scheme is capable of predicting tropical cyclones that make landfalls in eastern China. 相似文献
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目前中国气象局全球集合预报系统（China Meteorological Administration Global Ensemble Prediction System,CMA-GEPS）利用CMA全球数值预报系统分析场计算奇异向量（ANSV）,欧洲中期天气预报中心采用同化背景场计算奇异向量（FCSV）,在业务流程上先于计算ANSV,可优化集合预报系统运行时间。为此,在CMA-GEPS中探索采用FCSV进行集合预报的可行性,分析ANSV和FCSV的空间分布及相似指数,进而针对夏秋季节10个个例开展采用ANSV和FCSV的全球集合预报试验,从等压面要素集合预报技巧、中国地区24 h累积降水概率预报技巧、台风路径集合预报技巧、台风中心最低海平面气压预报技巧等方面对比二者结果。结果表明:ANSV和FCSV的主要结构特征相似,两组集合预报结果相当,表明在CMA-GEPS中使用FCSV可行,可作为未来高分辨率CMA-GEPS业务系统建设的选项。 相似文献
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TEST OF A TROPICAL LIMITED AREA NUMERICAL PREDICTION MODEL INCLUDING EFFECT OF REAL TOPOGRAPHY 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
In this paper, a tropical limited numerical prediction p.e. model in sigma coordinate is developed. The predicted variables are deviations from a rest reference atmosphere. This transformation is of benefit in reducing truncation error and guarantees computational stability after the very steep real topography is introduced into the model. The numerical tests with this model show that the large-scale obstacle of the Tibetan Plateau is not negligible in forecasting tropical systems like the South China Sea typhoon. 相似文献