共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Acoustic signals received by platform mounted sonar arrays can be spatially processed to enhance the detection of targets in the presence of both ambient and platform generated (self) noise. Ambient noise in the ocean, such as that due to distant shipping or biological choruses, are known to be spatially correlated. The platform generated noise will be of near-field origin and may not be received by all elements in the array. In this paper we investigate the performance of the minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamformer and the recently introduced Fourier integral method (FIM) and compare their performances with the conventional beamformer. Real passive sonar data, obtained from a platform mounted sparse linear array of hydrophones, is used to study the performance of the beamformers in a typical sonar environment. It is shown that in the absence of self noise, when the array is accurately calibrated the MVDR beamformer will perform very well, but when sensor gain or phase errors are present the performance of the MVDR beamformer is degraded. Further, the MVDR beamformer is unable to reject the self noise which is not "seen" by the entire array. FIM however seems to perform well and a modified version of FIM, which we call weighted FIM (WFIM), is shown to perform better and is at worst comparable to a well calibrated MVDR beamformer 相似文献
2.
Increasing the number of hydrophones in an array should increase beamformer performance. However, when the number of hydrophones is large, integration times must be long enough to give accurate cross-spectral matrix (CSM) estimates, but short enough so that the dynamic behavior of the noise described by the CSM is captured. The dominant mode rejection (DMR) beamformer calculates adaptive weights based on a reduced rank CSM estimate, where the CSM estimate is formed with a subset of the largest eigenvalues and their eigenvectors. Since the largest eigenvalue/eigenvector pairs are estimated rapidly, the integration time required is reduced. The purpose of this study was to examine the DMR beamformer performance using a bottom-mounted horizontal line array in a shallow-water environment. The data were processed with a fully adaptive beamformer and the DMR beamformer. The DMR beamformer showed better performance than the fully adaptive beamformer when using arrays with larger numbers of hydrophones. Thus, in highly dynamic noise environments, the DMR beamformer may be a more appropriate implementation to use for passive sonar detection systems 相似文献
3.
This paper describes an architecture for a compact real-time time-delay sonar beamformer. The design is based on a time-domain interpolation concept, and includes shading, interpolation, and time-delay functions for up to 64 sensor data inputs. A one card per beam configuration has been achieved. The digital interpolation technique used improves the effective sampling rate by a factor of 128. The beamformer design features 16-bit arithmetic precision, up to approximately a 5-kHz sampling rate for each of the 64 sensor input channels, and adaptability to any type of array, e.g., linear, circular, or arrays with nonequal interelement spacings. A 31-beam beamformer system, performing more than 620-million arithmetic operations a second, is discussed. 相似文献
4.
Gerstoft P. Hodgkiss W.S. Kuperman W.A. Heechun Song Siderius M. Nielsen P.L. 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》2003,28(1):44-54
During maneuvering, towed array beamforming degrades if a straight array is assumed. This is especially true for high-resolution adaptive beamforming. It is experimentally demonstrated that adaptive beamforming is feasible on a turning array, provided that array shape is estimated. The array shape can be inferred solely from the coordinates of the tow vessel's Global Positioning System (GPS) without any instrumentation in the array. Based on estimated array shape from the GPS, both the conventional beamformer and the white noise constrained (WNC) adaptive beamformer are shown to track the source well during a turn. When calculating the weight vector in the WNC approach, a matrix inversion of the cross-spectral density matrix is involved. This matrix inversion can be stabilized by averaging the cross-spectral density matrix over neighboring frequencies. The proposed algorithms have been tested on real data with the tow-vessel making 45/spl deg/ turns with a 500-m curvature radius. While turning, the improvement in performance over the assumption of a straight array geometry was up to 5 dB for the conventional beamformer and considerably larger for the WNC adaptive beamformer. 相似文献
5.
Groen J. Beerens S.P. Been R. Doisy Y. Noutary E. 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》2005,30(2):348-359
For a low-frequency active sonar (LFAS) with a triplet receiver array, it is not clear in advance which signal processing techniques optimize its performance. Here, several advanced beamformers are analyzed theoretically, and the results are compared to experimental data obtained in sea trials. Triplet arrays are single line arrays with three hydrophones on a circular section of the array. The triplet structure provides the ability to solve the notorious port-starboard (PS) ambiguity problem of ordinary single-array receivers. More importantly, the PS rejection can be so strong that it allows to unmask targets in the presence of strong coastal reverberation or traffic noise. The theoretical and experimental performance of triplet array beamformers is determined in terms of two performance indicators: array gain and PS rejection. Results are obtained under several typical acoustic environments: sea noise, flow noise, coastal reverberation, and mixtures of these. A new algorithm for (beam space) adaptive triplet beamforming is implemented and tuned. Its results are compared to those of other triplet beamforming techniques (optimum and cardioid beamforming). These beamformers optimize for only one performance indicator, whereas in theory, the adaptive beamformer gives the best overall performance (in any given environment). The different beamformers are applied to data obtained with an LFAS at sea. Analysis shows that adaptive triplet beamforming outperforms conventional beamforming algorithms. Adaptive triplet beamforming provides strong PS rejection, allowing the unmasking of targets in the presence of strong directional reverberation (e.g., from a coast) and at the same time provides positive array gain in most environments. 相似文献
6.
The Wigner-Ville distribution (WVD) function was originally proposed by Wigner in quantum mechanics and Ville applied it for signal analysis. This method has made it possible to represent a signal's power density spectrum in the time-frequency domain as a natural extension of the Fourier transform method (FTM). Recently, it has attracted great interest for its validity to analyze time-varying signals accomplished by the development of high-speed digital signal processing, and it is used for analyzing nonstationary signals. Conventionally, a sonar beamformer is constructed using delay lines, but the development of the high-speed processor has made it possible to apply the FTM for sonar beamforming. However, the bearing resolution of the beamformer is not enough for discriminating small underwater objects on the sea bottom by this method. To solve this problem, we aim to apply the WVD method, which can represent finer structure of signals as a natural extension of the FTM, for sonar beamforming to obtain sharper beam patterns than those of the beamforming method by FTM. Simulation results by computational calculations to clarify the resolution by the WVD method, which is presented in this paper, becomes approximately twice as high as by conventional FTM. The results of an experiment at sea also show the performance of this method 相似文献
7.
常规波束形成器仅限于利用信号的二阶统计特性。作者采用高阶累积量估计期望信号的导向矢量 (Steering Vector) ,实现了一种基于高阶累积量的自适应波束形成器 (HCAB)。该波束形成器利用信号的更高阶统计特性 ,减少了对阵列流型的依赖 ,具有较好的容差性 ,能自动跟踪信号。数值模拟实验表明该波束形成器工作良好。 相似文献
8.
9.
《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》2006,31(2):345-355
Predicting sonar detection performance is important for the development of sonar systems. The classical sonar equation cannot accurately predict sonar detection performance because it does not incorporate the effect of ocean environmental and source position uncertainty. We propose an analytical receiver operating characteristic (ROC) expression that characterizes the performance of the optimal Bayesian detector in the presence of ocean environmental and source position uncertainty. The approach is based on a statistical model of the environment and a physical model of acoustic propagation, which translates ocean environmental and source position uncertainty to signal wavefront uncertainty. The analytical ROC expression developed in this paper is verified for source position uncertainty due to source motion using both simulated data and real data collected during the Shallow Water Evaluation Cell Experiment (SWellEx-96). The results showed that the primary effect of source position uncertainty on optimal sonar detection performance is captured by the rank that corresponds to the significant eigenvalues of the signal matrix, an ensemble of replica signal wavefronts (normalized acoustic pressure vector) at the receiving array. The results also showed that the proposed ROC expression provides a realistic detection performance prediction for the Bayesian detector for source position uncertainty using real data. The proposed approach to sonar detection performance prediction is much simpler and faster than those using conventional Monte Carlo approaches. 相似文献
10.
The effects of both small perturbations and large deformations to the array's shape on both conventional and adaptive beamformers are shown for two frequencies: the spatial Nyquist frequency (or design frequency) of the array and a frequency about three times greater. Large shape deformations lead to a decrease in the conventional beamformer's output power for a beam steered in the direction of the signal source, together with an increase in the sidelobe levels (or secondary maxima), while small perturbations in the array shape have little effect. Signal suppression is observed to be far greater for the adaptive beamformer because it is very sensitive to system errors. The imposition of a weight norm constraint on the adaptive beamformer reduces the signal suppression only for small shape perturbations array shape estimation techniques are needed to reduce signal suppression for large shape deformations. The adverse effects of a nonlinear array shape on both conventional and adaptive beamforming are shown to be substantially reduced by applying techniques that estimate the coordinates of the hydrophones prior to beamforming 相似文献
11.
基于四阶累积量的被动测向声纳高分辨力算法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用高阶累积量的阵列扩展和抑制高斯噪声特性,提出1种基于四阶累积量的逆波束形成算法,并通过滑动平均进一步改善了算法。仿真结果和实验数据表明:逆波束形成算法较常规波束形成方法在空间方位分辨力和噪声抑制能力上明显提高,可以更有效地应用于被动测向声纳中。 相似文献
12.
Acoustic signal parameter estimation is important for diverse marine geodesy surveys and several other applications. However, the received signal from a far-field target characterized by planar wavefront propagation is frequently affected by strong nearby interfering signals. Their presence deteriorates the performance of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation for far-field target. In order to enhance the reception of signal from far-field target, the near-field/far-field (NFFF) beamformer is proposed. Such a beamformer optimizes beam pattern for far-field detection by maximizing beamformer output in the direction of the far-field target with the imposed condition to eliminate interfering signals generated in near-field locations. As the interference suppression only occurs at the position of near-field interference, a possible blind zone for far-field detection in conventional methods is not created. The NFFF beamformer is applicable for coherent signals and the scenario with multi interferences. For stationary situation where interferers locations are fixed, the NFFF beamformer computations do not require time updates with associated computational load. Furthermore the proposed method can be extended to several new situations such as acoustic monitoring performed from a stationary platform subjected to water currents, waves, winds and other variables, all of them generating nearby interferences and also to different array configurations including 2D and 3D arrays. 相似文献
13.
An optimal evaluation of adaptive beamforming techniques in a reverberation-limited shallow water environment is presented. A comprehensive simulation, using the sonar simulation toolset (SST) software in conjunction with the generic sonar model (GSRT) software, is used to create realistic beam data complete with target, noise, and reverberation. Adaptive beamforming techniques from the recursive least squares (RLS) family are applied to enhance detection performance via interference rejection. Two techniques are considered: linearly constrained beamforming using the minimum variance distortionless response (MVOR) beamformer and constrained adaptive noise cancelling (ANC) using the joint process least squares lattice (JPLSL) algorithm. Target detection trials, summarized in the form of receiver operator characteristics (ROC), are used to evaluate performance of the two adaptive beamformers. Results demonstrate mixed performance in reverberation-limited shallow water environments 相似文献
14.
传统上都是使用基于常规波束形成(CBF)输出功率的不同进行声源的被动检测和定位。广义相关波束形成,是一种旨在将平均Toep litz相关函数用于估计波束形成的输出功率。从线性矢量水听器阵出发,分析了常规波束形成,对广义相关波束形成(GCBF)进行了深入研究,通过对广义相关波束形成器进行“W ilson”和“Bartlett”加权,可以分别得到FIM(WFIM)和CBF,对这三种波束形成器进行了理论分析和计算机仿真,结果表明三个波束形成器的分辨能力从高到低依次是:FIM、WFIM、CBF。 相似文献
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16.
《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》2009,34(4):575-585
17.
《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》1994,19(2):175-182
Navigation of an underwater minefield by a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) or an autonomous undersea vehicle (AUV) requires the detection, localization, and avoidance of obstacles. The sizes of obstacles to be avoided range from the diameter of cables up to the size of other vehicles. A classical solution to this problem is the use of an obstacle avoidance sonar, but due to the high degree of sophistication of modern-day mines and unfriendly vehicles, it is desirable to avoid signal energies that might be detectable. The use of spread-spectrum signal structures is one possible way to avoid this difficulty while retaining the capability of despreading the energy at the receiver. This paper presents the development of a beamforming system that uses a frequency-decomposition FFT beamformer and a spread-spectrum signal structure for low-probability-of-detection navigation 相似文献
18.
A computer-based system that processes hydrophone and beam noise data from a towed horizontal line array sonar has been developed. The system also produces various displays that can be used to help assess the functionality of the sonar and to identify faults that cause degraded performance. The system-and various statistics used for characterizing or quantifying a given aspect of the sonar's performance are discussed. The results are presented in visual formats to aid in rapid assessment and quantification of the sonar's performance. Examples obtained from the system during recent towed array ambient noise measurement exercises are given to illustrate its utility for real-time performance monitoring and its capability for providing clues to aid in fault localization 相似文献
19.
小波函数对侧扫声纳图像滤波效果的影响分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
侧扫声纳技术应用日益广泛，已成为海洋测量的重要工具，而去除噪声处理是对侧扫声纳图像进行正确判读的前提。利用小波函数滤波处理的方法，分别采用Haar、Daubechies、Coiflets、Symlets、Discrete Meyer、Biorthogonal、Reverse Biorthogonal等小波函数与中值滤波函数对侧扫声纳图像进行处理，并以平滑指数和边缘保持指数为评价指标，对滤波效果进行定量比较。试验表明，小波函数可以有效地平滑声纳图像，并能保持其较好的边缘效果。 相似文献
20.
《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》2006,31(2):299-307
A common problem in sonar system prediction is that the ocean environment is not well known. Utilizing probabilistic based results from geoacoustic inversions we characterize parameters relevant to sonar performance. This paper describes the estimation of transmission loss and its statistical properties based on posterior parameter probabilities obtained from inversion of ocean acoustic array data. This problem is solved by first finding an ensemble of relevant environmental model parameters and the associated posterior probability using a likelihood based inversion of the acoustic array data. In a second step, each realization of these model parameters is weighted with their posterior probability to map into the transmission loss domain. This approach is illustrated using vertical-array data from a recent benchmark data set and from data acquired during the Asian Seas International Acoustics Experiment (ASIAEX) 2001 in the East China Sea. The environmental parameters are first estimated using a probabilistic-based geoacoustic inversion technique. Based on the posterior probability that each of these environmental models fits the ocean acoustic array data, each model is mapped into transmission loss. This enables us to compute a full probability distribution for the transmission loss at selected frequencies, ranges, and depths, which potentially could be used for sonar performance prediction. 相似文献