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选用了兰州地震台大震速报仪器ＤＫ－１中长周期记录仪记录到的１９９０年１月～１９９９年３月的大震速报地震共５４４个,与中国地震局分析预报中心编纂的《中国地震速报台网观测报告》给出的震级比较,对兰州地震台ＤＫ－１地震仪测定的面波震级（Ｍｓ）进行了对比和分析研究。结果认为兰州地震台大震速报ＤＫ－１地震仪测定的面波震级（Ｍｓ）偏差与震中距离、城中区域及地震大小有关。给出了不同震中距离、不同震级范围及不同地 相似文献
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本目录中的地震参数来自"中国地震台站观测报告"(简称"月报").其中,国内及邻区给出M≥4.7的事件,全球给出M≥6.0的事件、"月报"由中国地震台网中心按月做出.本目录中的发震时刻采用协调世界时(UTC);为了方便中国读者,也给出北京时(BTC).震中位置除给出经纬度外,还给出参考地区名,它仅用作查阅参考,不包含任何政治意义;还给出测定震源位置的台数(n)和标准偏差(SD).面波震级Ms是对中周期宽频带SK地震仪记录,采用北京台1965年面波震级公式Ms=lg(AH/T)+1.66 lg(△) +3.5(1°＜△＜130°)求得.AH是两水平分向最大面波位移的矢量合成位移.Ms7是对763长周期地震仪记录,采用国际上推荐的面波震级公式Ms7 =lg(Av/T)+1.66 lg(△)+3.3(20°＜△＜160°)求得.Av是垂直向面波最大地动位移.mb是短周期体波震级,ML是近震震级.为避免混乱,震级之间一律不换算.为方便读者,还给出美国NEIC定出的面波震级Msz和短周期体波震级mb. 相似文献
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本目录中的地震参数来自"中国地震台站观测报告"(简称"月报").其中,国内及邻区给出M≥4.7的事件,全球给出M≥6.0的事件."月报"由中国地震台网中心按月做出.
本目录中的发震时刻采用协调世界时(UTC);为了方便中国读者,也给出北京时(BTC).震中位置除给出经纬度外,还给出参考地区名,它仅用作查阅参考,不包含任何政治意义;还给出测定震源位置的台数(n)和标准偏差(SD).
面波震级Ms是对中周期宽频带SK地震仪记录,采用北京台1965年面波震级公式Ms=lg(AH/T)+1.66lg(△)+3.5(1°＜△＜130°)求得.AH是两水平分向最大面波位移的矢量合成位移.Ms7是对763长周期地震仪记录,采用国际上推荐的面波震级公式M7=lg(Av/T)+1.66lg(△)+3.3(20°＜△＜160°)求得.Av是垂直向面波最大地动位移.mb是短周期体波震级,ML是近震震级.为避免混乱,震级之间一律不换算.为方便读者,还给出美国NEIC定出的面波震级Msz和短周期体波震级mb. 相似文献
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应广大读者要求,我们定期公布全球7级以上大地震和中国4级以上中强地震目录.地震参数取自中国地震局分析预报中心的<中国地震速报台网观测报告>和<中国地震月报目录.其中:发震时间为北京时(BJT);震中位置除给出经纬度外还给出了参考地区名,以供查阅时参考;震源深度33N表示该地震为通常意义上的浅源地震;震级Ms为面波震级,ML为近震震级,Mw为矩震级(取自美国PDE报告). 相似文献
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应广大读要求,我们定期公布全球7级以上大地震和中国4级以上地震目录。地震参数取自中国地震局分析预报中心的“中国地震速报台网观测报告”和“中国地震月报目录”。其中：发震时间为北京时(BJT);震中位置除给出经纬度外还给出了参考地区名,以供查阅时参考;震级Ms为面波震级、ML为近震震级、Mw为矩震级(取自美国PDE报告)。 相似文献
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DK1地震仪的面波震级起算函数研究di 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
使用1987～1993年DK1地震仪的地震记录，以国际地震中心(ISC)MS震级为标准震级，根据误差理论用最小二乘法拟合导出DK1地震仪面波震级起算函数．又从起算函数物理意义出发，根据成层介质中面波传播理论，考虑到地震波的频散、介质的吸收、地球介质与DK1地震仪所组成的线性滤波器对面波振幅和周期的影响，并假定面波最大振幅对应于Airy相，导出了DK1地震仪测定面波震级的起算函数．
使用本文导出的起算函数，不附加任何校正值．通过315个地震，对36个速报台的单台DK1面波震级和DK1速报台网的面波震级测定误差检验，结果表明，DK1面波震级MS(DK1)与国际地震中心(ISC)相应地震面波震级MS(ISC)之间在统计上无系统误差，平均误差接近于零． 相似文献
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较大地震发生时,一些台站的记录振幅出格(亦称限幅),测定震级就很困难。本文使用了广州地震台四年来记录的台湾Ms≥4.0级的72次地震,通过用地震振动持续时间的方法,求得测定台湾地震震级(M_D)的公式。该方法有助于台站在记录波“限幅”或S波到时难于判定的特定条件下迅速测定震级,从而提高大震速报的质量。 相似文献
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应广大读者要求,我们定期公布全球7级以上大地震和中国4级以上地震目录。地震参数取自中国地震局分析预报中心的“中国地震速报台网观测报告”和“中国地震月报目录”。其中：发震时间为北京时(BJT);震中位置除给出经纬度外还给出了参考地区名,以供查阅时参考;震级Ms为面波震级、M1。为近震震级、Mw为矩震级(取自美国PDE报告),B表示该数值来自中周期的体波震级。 相似文献
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Gtz Schroth Luciana Ferreira Da Silva Marc‐Andree Wolf Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira Wolfgang Zech 《水文研究》1999,13(10):1423-1436
The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
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M. A. Kahn 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(2):95-101
Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate. 相似文献
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