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1.
对全球变化背景下构建生态地理区域系统的若干认识 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
研究复杂的人地系统,研究区域的可持续发展需要有一个比较适当的区域划分。全球变化问题研究的水平也取决于对地域差异认识的深度。因此,建立中国生态地理区域系统,探讨其在全球变化中的应用,可为区域发展与陆地生态系统关系的研究提供科学的区域框架。本文从理论基础、必要性、目的、意义、界线、指标和方法论等方面探讨了有关生态地理区划的若干问题。 相似文献
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我国西部地区生态地理区域系统与生态建设战略初步研究 总被引：24，自引：3，他引：24
生态地理区域系统是根据代表自然界的生物和非生物要素地理相关性的比较研究和综合分析,按照自然界的地域分异规律,划分或合并而形成不同等级的区域系统。其主要研究的对象是自然要素的空间格局,及其与自然资源的匹配。生态地理区域系统所体现的温度、水分等立地条件地域差异,是认识生态环境的宏观框架,可以也应该成为制定治理措施的基础,对植被的恢复和保护有重要的指导意义。我国西部在生态上受到西北地区的沙漠化和盐碱化,黄土高原、西南地区的土壤侵蚀,青藏高原的草场退化,西南地区的滑坡、泥石流等的胁迫。管理上也存在许多问题,如盲目的退耕还林,盲目强调植树造林等。因此,西部地区的生态建设在认识自然环境的基础上,解决管理上的问题,包括在指导思想上的误解,即“生态建设 =种树”,“退耕必定还林”;局面上避免开发的无序状态 ;工作措施上,则要防止“一刀切”的方式。本文综合西部地区的温带、水分、植被、土壤等因素,将西部地区生态地理区域系统划分 8个温度带,2 5个自然区。通过综合西部地区的环境胁迫特点,植被恢复和保护与自然环境和生态区域系统的关系,从西部地区的生态地理区域系统,合并构成西部地区的生态建设格局的 6个区域,并且提出各个区域生态建设的主要措施。 相似文献
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中国中温带东部生态地理区划的土壤指标选择 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
中国生态地理区域系统是我国区域系统研究定量化、系统化、动态性发展的重要成果。 为深入探讨其土壤指标体系建设问题, 以《中国土种志》和省级土壤资料中的剖面点数据为 基础, 采用主成分分析与判别分析相结合的方法, 以中温带东部地区为例, 探讨适合进行中 温带东部地区生态地理区域系统划分的土壤指标; 在此基础上对代表中温带东部地区生态地理区域特征的土壤类型进行聚类分析。结果表明： A 层有机质含量、阳离子交换量、pH 值、 粘粒含量和土壤容重等5 项指标在中温带东部的生态地理区域划分中作为土壤指标较为合适; 运用回归克里格方法, 得到5 项土壤指标的空间分布数据库; 与区划中土壤类型和单项土壤区划相比, 简洁量化的土壤指标更适宜系统的表述中温带东部的生态地理区域特点。 相似文献
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生态地理区域界线划分的指标体系 总被引：17，自引：4，他引：17
生态地理区域界线由一系列反映生态地理区域特征的指标为依据 ,通过其空间差异落实到具体的空间位置上。客观地认识和划定生态地理区域界线是揭示生态环境时空有序性的重要途径 ,是地域系统研究的基础。生态地理区域界线是两个相邻的、彼此不同的生态地理区质上转变的线或带 ,反映同一等级内划分出来的内部相对一致性与外部的差异性。界线代表有一定宽度的带 ,而且可能随着时间而迁移变化 ,等级越低界线越明显 ,等级越高界线越宽。在生态地理区域划分中 ,先选择人力不能大规模改变的几个主要因素 :温度指标 ,主要指标是日平均气温≥ 1 0℃的天数和积温 ,最冷月平均气温 ,最暖月平均气温等 ;水分指标 ,干湿指数 ,目前比较普遍采用的是年干燥度 ,它可以近似地表征某一地方的干湿程度 ;年降水量的资料通常比较可靠 ,但潜在蒸发的计算需要改进和提高。生态地理区域较高级单位的划分依据侧重考虑生物气候的差异 ,先注意水平地带性 ,由于气候台站的有限性 ,所划分出的界线往往用植被界线去修正 ;而垂直地带性则将潜在植被与气候联系起来 ,按照降水量、潜在蒸发率和生物温度来进行划分。如何处理级别与依据和指标之间的关系是另一个重要问题 ,在这个问题的处理上 ,国内外很不统一。 相似文献
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生态地理区域系统的热带北界中段界线的新认识 总被引：16，自引：3，他引：13
从我国热带北界中段界线的划分,探讨生态地理区域的认识和界线的划分,着重生态地理区域之间界线的逐渐过渡特征。分析前人的研究成果及其对热带北界中段划分的差异,指出他们在概念、资料和方法上的差异。在热带与亚热带的过渡区域中提出热带、年热带、真热带和热带波动带的概念,从新的角度认识热带区域。在确定和建立热带北界划分指标体系的基础上,划分了热带北界中段的界线。探讨了本次热带北界中段的界线划分与前人研究的差异 相似文献
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基于可拓工程方法的生态地理区域系统界线划分研究—以中温带半湿润、半干旱 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
利用可拓工程方法中的物元模型对生态地理区域系统的界线问题进行了研究，通过选取样本和指标对单指标关联函数和多指标综合关联函数进行了定量计算。在此基础上，通过专家集成确定了中国中温带半湿润、半干旱区之间的界线，弥补了单指标和定性划分的不足，有助于中国生态地理区域系统的构建。 相似文献
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中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地表层系统格局与变化研究室 《地理研究》2005,24(6):1000-1000
近年来,在地域分异和全球变化的研究过程中,对陆地表层干湿状况给予了特别的关注。中国科学院院士郑度承担的国家自然科学基金重点项目“中国生态地理区域系统及其在全球环境变化研究中的应用”和中科院地理资源所吴绍洪研究员承担的国家自然科学基金项目“陆地表层格局研究中的自然与人文综合”,联合中国科学院植物研究所、北京大学的科研人员协同研究。其中总目标之一是:解决合理表征中国陆地表层干湿状况的指标、主要干湿因子的变化趋势、干湿状况变化的区域差异和季节差异等关键问题,合理配置和利用水资源,研究未来气候变化趋势,探索土地利用/土地覆被变化,土地沙漠化和沙尘暴等环境变化的驱动机制,为防止生态脆弱带自然环境的进一步 相似文献
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陆地表层综合地域系统划分的探讨--以青藏高原为例 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
近年来地理学研究的突出特点是,愈益与区域可持续发展这个主题密切联系起来,强调综合性。其中的关键科学问题难点是自然因素与人文因素的结合。本文从综合区域系统划分的指标体系入手,在传统的地域系统划分原则的基础上,强调了自然与社会经济因素在区划中具有同等重要性的原则,并区分了不同空间层级两者的不同作用。等级单位采用五级制, 本研究以青藏高原为例,将其划分为3个生态带,15个地-人区,22个生态经济地区,29个经济小区。研究显示,刻画这样的陆地表层综合地域系统,有助于认识我国陆地表层中的人地关系,为区域可持续发展服务。 相似文献
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基于三维魔方的芜湖市域主体功能区划研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
按照一定的分区原则,运用适当分区技术路径,合理选择主体功能区划指标体系,综合运用层次分析法和熵值法确定指标权重,从资源生态保护度、社会经济发展强度、发展潜力3个方面分别进行指标评价,将评价单元划分不同等级.在此基础上,采用三维魔方法,构建魔方单元与主体功能区对应关系,将市域划分为优化开发区域、重点开发区域、适度开发区域... 相似文献
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中国生态地理区域系统区划 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
Eco-geographic regionalization has been one of the most important topics in China‘s regionalization researches since the end of the 20th century. It is a major ecosystem in geographic zonality. A hierarchical system, which is formed by division or combination of natural features based on geographic relativity and comparison of major ecosystem factors (including biological and non-biological) and geographic zonality, is called eco-geographic regional system. This paper introduces process of China‘s regionalization development. The first level unit, temperature zone, is delineated with main criteria of temperature. The second level unit, humidity region, is based on criteria of water/moisture states. The third level unit, natural region, is divided according to medium geomorphologic units. Vegetation types and soils are applied as supplementary criteria to indicate temperature and water/moisture states. Mapping process from qualitative to quantitative and China‘s eco-geographic regional system are also explained in this paper. 相似文献
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Eco-geographic regionalization has been one of the most important topics in China's regionalization researches since the end of the 20th century. It is a major ecosystem in geographic zonality. A hierarchical system, which is formed by division or combination of natural features based on geographic relativity and comparison of major ecosystem factors (including biological and non-biological) and geographic zonality, is called eco-geographic regional system. This paper introduces process of China's regionalization development. The first level unit, temperature zone, is delineated with main criteria of temperature. The second level unit, humidity region, is based on criteria of water/moisture states. The third level unit, natural region, is divided according to medium geomorphologic units. Vegetation types and soils are applied as supplementary criteria to indicate temperature and water/moisture states. Mapping process from qualitative to quantitative and China's eco-geographic regional system are also explained in this paper. 相似文献
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Eco-geographic regional system is formed by division or combination of natural features based on geographic relativity and comparison of major ecosystem factors (including biological and non-biological) and geographic zonality. In previous studies, soil types were often taken as a basis for soil regionalization. However, the quantitative characteristics of soil indicators are fitter than the qualitative ones of soil types for modern regionalization researches. Based on the second China’s national soil survey data and the provincial soil resource information, by principal analysis and discriminant analysis, this paper discusses the appropriate soil indicators as the complement of eco-geographic region indicator systems and the relationships between these soil indicators and soil types in regionalization. The results show that five indicators are used in eco-geographic zonality in mid-temperate zone of eastern China which are organic matter content, cation exchange capacity, pH, clay content and bulk density in topsoils. With a regression-kriging approach, the maps of soil indicators in mid-temperate zone of eastern China are compiled with a resolution of 1 km in every grid and the indicative meanings of these soil indicators are discussed. By cluster analysis it is proved that these soil indicators are better than the soil types and soil regionalization in delineating eco-geographic regions. 相似文献
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Eco-geographic regional system is formed by division or combination of natural features based on geographic relativity and
comparison of major ecosystem factors (including biological and non-biological) and geographic zonality. In previous studies,
soil types were often taken as a basis for soil regionalization. However, the quantitative characteristics of soil indicators
are fitter than the qualitative ones of soil types for modern regionalization researches. Based on the second China’s national
soil survey data and the provincial soil resource information, by principal analysis and discriminant analysis, this paper
discusses the appropriate soil indicators as the complement of eco-geographic region indicator systems and the relationships
between these soil indicators and soil types in regionalization. The results show that five indicators are used in eco-geographic
zonality in mid-temperate zone of eastern China which are organic matter content, cation exchange capacity, pH, clay content
and bulk density in topsoils. With a regression-kriging approach, the maps of soil indicators in mid-temperate zone of eastern
China are compiled with a resolution of 1 km in every grid and the indicative meanings of these soil indicators are discussed.
By cluster analysis it is proved that these soil indicators are better than the soil types and soil regionalization in delineating
eco-geographic regions.
Foundation: National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40771016
Author: Liu Ye (1980–), Ph.D, specialized in integrated physical geography. 相似文献
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借助公路客流大数据,研究中国公路客运交通网络的空间分布格局与集聚机理,以系统解析区域城市网络“多中心、多层级、多节点”的层级体系与演化模式。研究显示,中国公路客运交通网络总体上呈现出区域性中心集聚分布格局,公路客运联系的距离衰减和地理邻近分布特征很好体现了地理学的空间相关性,公路客运联系的区域性空间集聚和层级叠套现象则是地理学空间异质性分布规律的表征。对中国公路客运交通网络进行省域尺度社区探测,出现类似省级行政区划的社区划分,更大区域尺度的社区探测则出现类似全国七大地理分区的空间划分,反映出公路客运交通联系的集聚特性是以各级中心城市为核心的区域性空间集聚分布。随着区域发展阶段和经济发展水平的提升,中国城市网络由西向东明显呈现出单中心到多中心、弱层级到多层级、少节点到多节点的渐进式空间演化过程。西北、东北、湖北、山西、江西、广西和云南等社区为“单中心、弱层级、少节点”的网络体系,广东、成渝和山东社区呈现“双中心、多层级、多节点”的网络结构,沪苏皖社区则发育出最为成熟的“多中心、多层级、多节点”城市网络体系。研究以空间换时间,将区域系统的城市网络演化过程划分为节点城市发育、地方中心增长、省... 相似文献
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中国地貌区划理论与分区体系研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
区划和类型是地貌学研究的两大核心内容。中国地貌区划已有诸多划分方案,比较而言,各种方案存在遴选指标不一、确定等级较少、反映特征各异、划分结果不同、成图尺度较小等不足。应中国地理国情普查等国家专项任务的需求,对较大尺度、多级地貌区划研究提出了新的要求。在梳理中国地貌区划的理论,包括板块构造与地貌圈特征、地貌形态与内外营力体系、地貌形态的类型组合与区域分异的基础上,基于2013年提出的中国地貌二级区划的新方案,归纳了全国多级地貌区划分的原则,提出了基于“大区—地区—区—亚区—小区”的全国五级地貌等级分区方案,建立了“大地构造控制下的地势阶梯特征—>区域宏观形态类型组合—>内外营力及基本形态类型组合—>区域内形态类型组合—>区域微地貌形态组合”的五级地貌分区指标体系,提出了五级地貌区划体系的命名规则和编码方式,构建了基于多源数据进行多级地貌区划单元精确定位的技术与方法,完成了全国1:25万尺度五级地貌区的划分,包括6个一级大区、36个二级地区、136个三级区、331个四级亚区、1500多个五级小区,并建立了全国地貌区划数据库。该研究对于促进中国区域地貌学的发展、基于地貌区划的应用研究等具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
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Yingchun Zhou Sunil Narumalani William J. Waltman Sharon W. Waltman Michael A. Palecki 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(5):445-462
Growing concerns about global climate change, biodiversity maintenance, natural resources conservation, and long-term ecosystem sustainability have been responsible for the transformation of traditional single resource management approaches into integrated ecosystem management models. Eco-regions are large ecosystems of regional extent that contain smaller ecosystems of similar response potential and resource production capabilities. They can be used as a geographical framework for organizing and reporting resource information, setting bioecological recovery criteria, extrapolating site-level management, and monitoring global change. The objective of this research is to develop a quantitative, multivariate regionalization model that is capable of delineating eco-regions at multiple levels from remotely sensed information and other environmental and natural resources spatial data. The Spatial Pattern Analysis Model developed in this study uses a region-growing algorithm to generate spatially contiguous regions from primitive polygonal land units. The algorithm merges the most similar pair of neighbouring units at each iteration, based on satisfying certain similarity criteria until all units are grouped into one. This model was utilized to develop an eco-region map of Nebraska with three hierarchical levels. In the mapping process, the STATSGO data set was used to build the primitive map units. Environmental parameters included in the model were multi-temporal AVHRR data, soil rooting depth, organic matter content, available water capacity, and long-term annual averages of water balance and growing degree day totals. Development of the model provides a new and useful approach to eco-region mapping for resource managers and researchers. The method is automated and efficient, reduces the judgement biases and uncertainty of manual analyses, and can be replicated for other regions or for the regionalization of other themes. 相似文献
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Regional ecotourism cooperation provides an institutional guarantee that brings together ecological resources development, protection of natural ecologies and regional economic growth, and also is one of the keys to improve the level of China’s ecotourism development. China’s administrative regions are divided by large areas of natural geography, such as vast tracts of land, mountainous areas and bodies of water. Given the structure of China’s administrative system, administrative areas make independent and uncoordinated decisions concerning the use of ecological resources, resulting in low-level ecotourism products and redundant construction projects undertaken by local governments, limiting the further improvement of China's ecotourism level. Therefore, it is necessary to construct a spatial system and a model of regional ecotourism cooperation in line with China's national conditions. This paper adopts an inductive deductive method analyze systematically the connotations and obstacles of China’s regional ecotourism cooperation, and proposes space development and cooperative model. Research shows that the inescapable choice is cross-regional ecotourism cooperation based on natural zonality, cultural similarity, coordinated regional economic development and policy integration. The key existing obstacles include administrative barriers, lack of motivation to cooperate and loose cooperation patterns. Future regional ecotourism cooperation should define the thematic function area, cooperation zones, scenic roads and ecotourist routes, to establish the cross-regional integration development system and realize systematic optimization. This study is of theoretical value for the development of regional ecotourism cooperation and the construction of spatial systems in China. 相似文献
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国外区域联系研究综述 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
区域联系是提高区域乃至国家竞争力的基本要求，因此，国外对区域联系研究为重视，本文对国外区域联系研究的主要方面进行了综述，就研究内容而言，包括：地区联系、中心地联系、城市等级联系、商品流联系、相互作用联系、扩散联系、模型模拟间接反映的区域联系等七个方面，就时序发展看，有的区域联系的时间界限非常清晰，但大多数区域联系内容是交叉和重叠的，贯穿于各个时期。 相似文献