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1.
Fractures associated with volcanic rock outcrops on the inner shelf of Alboran Island, Western Mediterranean, were mapped
on the basis of a side-scan sonar mosaic. Absolute maximum fracture orientation frequency is NW–SE to NNW–SSE, with several
sub-maxima oriented NNE–SSW, NE–SW and ENE–WSW. The origin of the main fracture systems in Neogene and Quaternary rocks of
the Alboran Basin (south Spain) appears to be controlled by older structures, namely NE–SW and WNW–ESE to NW–SE faults which
cross-cut the basement. These faults, pre-Tortonian in origin, have been reactivated since the early Neogene in the form of
strike-slip and extensional movements linked to the recent stress field in this area. Fracture analysis of volcanic outcrops
on the inner continental shelf of Alboran Island suggests that the shelf has been deformed into a narrow shear zone limited
by two NE–SW-trending, sub-parallel high-angle faults, the main orientation and density of which have been influenced by previous
WNW–ESE to NW–SE basement fractures. 相似文献
2.
Multichannel seismic reflection and multi-beam bathymetry data were used to study the active tectonic and syn-tectonic stratigraphic setting of the Gulf of ?zmit in the Marmara Sea (Turkey). The gulf and its near surroundings are deformed by the northern strand of the dextral North Anatolian Fault. Three connected basins of the gulf, the western (Dar?ca), central (Karamürsel) and eastern (Gölcük) basins are formed by active faults, as observed in the stacked and migrated seismic sections, as well as the bathymetry map. The main branch and its surrounding sedimentary strata are confined by normal faults to the north and south. These normal faults converge at depth towards the main fault, forming a negative flower structure in the gulf. The average maximum sedimentation rate is 0.4 mm/year according to the three most recent seismo-stratigraphic units that are located to the south of the main fault branch within the central basin. A 20° south-dipping major discontinuity along the northern shoreline of the gulf represents the top of Paleozoic basement. 相似文献
3.
Erdal Dolu Erkan Gökaşan Engin Meriç Mustafa Ergin Tolga Görüm Hüseyin Tur Berkan Ecevitoğlu Niyazi Avşar Muhittin Görmüş Fatmagül Batuk Buğser Tok Oktay Çetin 《Geo-Marine Letters》2007,27(6):355-381
The Quaternary evolution of the Gulf of İzmit, situated on the tectonically active North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ), was
investigated using seismic reflection, paleontologic, and sediment textural data. On the basis of seismic stratigraphic and
sedimentologic-paleontologic interpretations, four depositional units were distinguished within the Plio-Quaternary sequence
of the Gulf of İzmit. According to these data, Plio-Quaternary deposits supplied from the northern terrestrial area started
to accumulate during a progradational phase, in a south-facing half-graben. A coarse-grained sedimentary unit prograding into
the gulf from the south since 200 ka b.p. indicates a dramatic variation in the evolution of the gulf, with the initiation of a new strike-slip fault of the NAFZ
and a corresponding uplift of the Armutlu Peninsula in the south of the gulf. During the evolution of this fault from a wide
shear zone consisting of right-stepped strike-slip faults and pull-apart basins to a localized principal fault zone, sediments
were deposited under the influence of northerly prograding terrestrial and shallow-marine conditions due to relative sea-level
fluctuations in the Marmara Sea. During this period, the Gulf of İzmit was invaded mainly by Mediterranean and partly by Black
Sea waters. In the latest glacial period, shallow areas in the gulf became subaerially exposed, whereas the central and western
sub-basins of the gulf turned into lakes. The present evolution of the Gulf of İzmit is controlled by the after effects of
the new rupture of the NAFZ and the estuarine nature of the gulf environment. 相似文献
4.
Recently acquired (2005) multi-beam bathymetric and high-resolution seismic reflection data from the E–W-oriented Gulf of Gökova off SW Anatolia were evaluated in order to assess the uneven seafloor morphology and its evolution in terms of present-day active regional tectonics. Stratigraphically, the three identified seismic units, i.e., the basement, deltaic sediments deposited during Quaternary glacial periods, and modern gulf deposits, are consistent with those observed in previous studies. Structurally, the folds and faults with strike-slip and reverse components have been regionally mapped for the first time. Of these, NE–SW-oriented left-lateral strike-slip faults with compressional components forming the so-called Gökova Fault Zone intersect and displace two WNW–ESE-oriented submarine ridges and deep submarine plains. Thus, strike-slip faults are the youngest major structures in the gulf, and control present-day active tectonism. E–W-oriented folds on the inner and outer shelf, which are generally accompanied by reverse faults, delimit the margins of these submarine ridges, and deform the young basin deposits. These features also reveal the concomitant existence of a compressional tectonic regime. The compressional structures probably represent pressure ridges along left-lateral strike-slip fault segments. However, some E–W-oriented normal faults occur on the northwestern and partly also southern shelf, and along the borders of the adjacent deep submarine plains. They are intersected and displaced by the strike-slip faults. The lower seismicity along the normal faults relative to the NE–SW-oriented strike-slip faults suggests that the former are at present inactive or at least less active. 相似文献
5.
Bone Gulf is one of the inter-arm basins of the unusual K-shaped island of Sulawesi. Its age, character and origin are disputed. This study is based on recently acquired 2D seismic lines, seabed multibeam mapping and limited well data, and is linked to stratigraphy on land. The gulf is probably underlain by pre-Neogene volcanogenic, sedimentary, metamorphic and ultramafic rocks, and includes crust of Australian origin. We favour basin initiation in the Miocene rather than Eocene, by extension associated with strike-slip deformation. The main basin trends N–S and is divided into several sub-basins and highs. The highs segment the gulf and their WNW–ESE orientations reflect pre-Neogene basement structures. They are interpreted as strike-slip fault zones active at different times in the Neogene. A southern high was active relatively early, whereas further north there is evidence of young displacements during the Late Neogene. These are visible on the seabed above a high linked to the Kolaka Fault on land. Early basin-bounding faults are oriented NNW–SSE and record extension and strike-slip movements, like the sub-parallel Walanae Fault of South Sulawesi which can be traced offshore into extensional faults bounding the young and narrow Selayar Trough. Sediment in the basins came mainly from the north with contributions from both west and east. Carbonate deposits formed at the margins while deeper marine sediments were deposited in the axial parts of the gulf. An Early Pliocene unconformity can be mapped across the study area marking major uplift of Sulawesi and subsidence of Bone Gulf. This regional event caused major influx of clastic sediments from the north, development of a southward-flowing canyon system, and back-stepping and drowning of carbonates at the basin margins. Hydrocarbons are indicated by seeps, and Bone Gulf has potential sources, reservoirs and seals, but the complex faulting history is a risk. 相似文献
6.
A detailed reconstruction of the stratigraphic and tectonic setting of the Gulf of Pozzuoli (Naples Bay) is provided on the basis of newly acquired single channel seismic profiles coupled with already recorded marine magnetics gathering the volcanic nature of some seismic units. Inferences for the tectonic and magmatic setting of the Phlegrean Fields volcanic complex, a volcanic district surrounding the western part of the Gulf of Naples, where volcanism has been active since at least 50 ka, are also discussed. The Gulf of Pozzuoli represents the submerged border of the Phlegrean caldera, resulting from the volcano-tectonic collapse induced from the pyroclastic flow deposits of the Campanian Ignimbrite (35 ka). Several morpho-depositional units have been identified, i.e., the inner continental shelf, the central basin, the submerged volcanic banks and the outer continental shelf. The stratigraphic relationships between the Quaternary volcanic units related to the offshore caldera border and the overlying deposits of the Late Quaternary depositional sequence in the Gulf of Pozzuoli have been highlighted. Fourteen main seismic units, both volcanic and sedimentary, tectonically controlled due to contemporaneous folding and normal faulting have been revealed by geological interpretation. Volcanic dykes, characterized by acoustically transparent sub-vertical bodies, locally bounded by normal faults, testify to the magma uprising in correspondence with extensional structures. A large field of tuff cones interlayered with marine deposits off the island of Nisida, on the western rim of the gulf, is related to the emplacement of the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff deposits. A thick volcanic unit, exposed over a large area off the Capo Miseno volcanic edifice is connected with the Bacoli-Isola Pennata-Capo Miseno yellow tuffs, cropping out in the northern Phlegrean Fields. 相似文献
7.
In this study, structural features in the Aegean Sea were investigated by application of Cellular Neural Network (CNN) and
Cross-Correlation methods to the gravity anomaly map. CNN is a stochastic image processing technique, which is based on template
optimization using neighbourhood relationships of pixels, and probabilistic properties of two-Dimensional (2-D) input data.
The performance of CNN can be evaluated by various interesting real applications in geophysics such as edge detection, data
enhancement and separation of regional/residual potential anomaly maps. In this study, CNN is used in edge detection of geological
bodies closer to the surface, which are masked by other structures with various depths and dimensions. CNN was first tested
for (prismatic) synthetic examples and satisfactory results were obtained. Subsequently, CNN/Cross-Correlation maps and bathymetric
features were evaluated together to obtain a new structural map for most of the Aegean Sea. In our structural map, the locations
of the faults and basins are generally in accordance with the previous maps from restricted areas based on seismic data. In
the southern and southeastern parts of the Aegean Sea, E–W trending faults cut NE–SW trending basins and faults, similar to
on-shore Western Anatolia. Also, in the western, central and northern parts of the Aegean Sea, all of these structures are
truncated by NE-trending faults. 相似文献
8.
The evolution of the North Aegean Sea is studied through the development of three deep basins: the North Aegean Trough, the North Skyros Basin and the Ikaria Basin. Bathymetric data, a 2D seismic dataset and the well-investigated stratigraphic records of the onshore deep basins of northern Greece and Western Turkey were used to make structural and seismic stratigraphic interpretations. The study area shows two sharp unconformities that correspond to the Eocene-Oligocene transition and the Miocene-Pliocene shift. These discontinuities were used as marker horizons for a more detailed structural and seismic stratigraphic interpretation resulting in the identification of several seismic units. A general seismic signature chart was established using onshore basin stratigraphy and well data, which was then used to constrain the ages of the different seismic units. The main features observed in the basins are interpreted as: 1) trans-tensional growth patterns in Pliocene and Quaternary sediments that combine NE–SW trending and steeply dipping fault zones that likely correspond to strike-slip corridors and E-W/WNW-ESE trending normal faults, 2) regional erosional truncations of Miocene sediments, likely related to the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC), 3) thick delta-turbidite deposits of Neogene age. Only the North Aegean Trough shows evidence of earlier development and polyphase deformation through inversion structures, and additional seismic units. Extension processes in the Aegean region have been driven by the Hellenic slab rollback since the middle Eocene. The widespread development of Neogene basins at the whole Aegean scale attests to a major tectonic change due to an acceleration of the trench retreat in the middle Miocene. The present study shows that the Neogene basins of the North Aegean Sea developed in dextral transtension with the northward migration of the associated NE-SW trending strike-slip faults. At regional scale, this tectonic pattern indicates that the westward escape of Anatolia started to interact with the trench retreat in the middle Miocene, around 10 Myr before the arrival of the North Anatolian Fault in the North Aegean Sea. 相似文献
9.
Çağatay M. N. Görür N. Alpar B. Saatçılar R. Akkök R. Sakınç M. Yüce H. Yaltırak C. Kuşcu I. 《Geo-Marine Letters》1998,18(1):1-9
The Gulf of Saros is an Upper Miocene transtensional basin in NW Anatolia, formed by the interaction between the North Anatolian
Fault and the N-S extensional tectonic régime of the Aegean. The present configuration of the basin evolved mainly during
the Plio-Quaternary under the increased activity of the North Anatolian Fault. During the late Miocene-late Quaternary, no
sedimentation took place on the shelves. After this long hiatus, an important change in tectonic style about 0.2 Ma BP allowed
sedimentation to resume in the gulf.
Received: 14 February 1997 / Revision received: 12 November 1997 相似文献
10.
Active tectonic morphology and submarine deformation of the northern Gulf of Eilat/Aqaba from analyses of multibeam data 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Gideon Tibor Tina M. Niemi Zvi Ben-Avraham Abdallah Al-Zoubi Ronnie A. Sade John K. Hall Gal Hartman Emad Akawi Abdelrahmem Abueladas Rami Al-Ruzouq 《Geo-Marine Letters》2010,30(6):561-573
A high-resolution marine geophysical study was conducted during October-November 2006 in the northern Gulf of Aqaba/Eilat,
providing the first multibeam imaging of the seafloor across the entire gulf head spanning both Israeli and Jordanian territorial
waters. Analyses of the seafloor morphology show that the gulf head can be subdivided into the Eilat and Aqaba subbasins separated
by the north-south-trending Ayla high. The Aqaba submarine basin appears starved of sediment supply, apparently causing erosion
and a landward retreat of the shelf edge. Along the eastern border of this subbasin, the shelf is largely absent and its margin
is influenced by the Aqaba Fault zone that forms a steep slope partially covered by sedimentary fan deltas from the adjacent
ephemeral drainages. The Eilat subbasin, west of the Ayla high, receives a large amount of sediment derived from the extensive
drainage basins of the Arava Valley (Wadi ’Arabah) and Yutim River to the north–northeast. These sediments and those entering
from canyons on the south-western border of this subbasin are transported to the deep basin by turbidity currents and gravity
slides, forming the Arava submarine fan. Large detached blocks and collapsed walls of submarine canyons and the western gulf
margin indicate that mass wasting may be triggered by seismic activity. Seafloor lineaments defined by slope gradient analyses
suggest that the Eilat Canyon and the boundaries of the Ayla high align along north- to northwest-striking fault systems—the
Evrona Fault zone to the west and the Ayla Fault zone to the east. The shelf–slope break that lies along the 100 m isobath
in the Eilat subbasin, and shallower (70–80 m isobaths) in the Aqaba subbasin, is offset by approx. 150 m along the eastern
edge of the Ayla high. This offset might be the result of horizontal and vertical movements along what we call the Ayla Fault
on the east side of the structure. Remnants of two marine terraces at 100 m and approx. 150 m water depths line the southwest
margin of the gulf. These terraces are truncated by faulting along their northern end. Fossil coral reefs, which have a similar
morphological appearance to the present-day, basin margin reefs, crop out along these deeper submarine terraces and along
the shelf–slope break. One fossil reef is exposed on the shelf across the Ayla high at about 60–63 m water depth but is either
covered or eroded in the adjacent subbasins. The offshore extension of the Evrona Fault offsets a fossil reef along the shelf
and extends south of the canyon to linear fractures on the deep basin floor. 相似文献
11.
Yoshifumi Nogi Kumiko Nishi Nobukazu Seama Yoichi Fukuda 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2004,25(3-4):221-231
The seafloor spreading evolution in the Southern Indian Ocean is key to understanding the initial breakup of Gondwana. We
summarize the structural lineaments deduced from the GEOSAT 10 Hz sampled raw altimetry data as well as satellite derived
gravity anomaly map and the magnetic anomaly lineation trends from vector magnetic anomalies in the West Enderby Basin, the
Southern Indian Ocean. The gravity anomaly maps by both Sandwell and Smith 1997, J. Geophys. Res. 102, 10039–10054 and 10 Hz raw altimeter data show almost the same general trends. However, curved structural trends, which turn
from NNW–SSE in the south to NNE–SSW in the north, are detected only from gravity anomaly maps by 10 Hz raw altimeter data
just to the east of Gunnerus Ridge. NNE–SSW structural trends and magnetic anomaly lineation trends that are perpendicular
to them are observed between the Gunnerus Ridge and the Conrad Rise. To the west of Gunnerus Ridge, structural elements trend
NNE–SSW and magnetic polarity changes are normal to them. In contrast, almost NNW–SSE structural trends and ENE–WSW magnetic
polarity reversal strikes are dominant to the east of Gunnerus Ridge. Curved structural trends, which turn from WNW–ESE direction
in the south to NNE–SSW direction in the west, and magnetic polarity reversal strikes that are almost perpendicular to them
are observed just south of Conrad Rise. The magnetic polarity reversals may be parts of the Mesozoic magnetic anomaly sequence
that formed along side of the structural lineaments before the long Cretaceous normal polarity superchron. Curved structural
trends, detected only from gravity anomaly maps by 10 Hz raw altimeter data, most likely indicate slight changes in spreading
direction from an initial NNW–SSE direction to NNE–SSW. Our results also suggest that these curved structural trends are fracture
zones that formed during initial breakup of Gondwana. 相似文献
12.
Faulting, mass-wasting and deposition in an active dextral shear zone, the Gulf of Saros and the NE Aegean Sea, NW Turkey 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Timur Ustaömer Erkan Gökaşan Hüseyin Tur Tolga Görüm Fatma Gül Batuk Doğan Kalafat Hakan Alp Berkan Ecevitoğlu Halim Birkan 《Geo-Marine Letters》2008,28(3):171-193
Structural, mass-wasting and sedimentation processes along an active dextral shear zone beneath the Gulf of Saros and the
NE Aegean Sea were investigated on the basis of new high-resolution swath bathymetric data and multi-channel seismics. A long
history of dextral shearing operating since the Pliocene culminated in the formation of a NE-SW-trending, ca. 800-m-deep basin
(the so-called inner basin) in this region, which is bordered by a broad shelf along its northern and eastern sides and a
narrow shelf at the southern side. The western extension of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (the Ganos Fault) cuts the eastern
shelf along a narrow deformation zone, and ends sharply at the toe of the slope, where the strain is taken up by two NE-SW-oriented
fault zones. These two fault zones cut the basin floor along its central axis and generate a new, Riedel-type pull-apart basin
(the so-called inner depression). According to the bathymetric and seismic data, these basin boundary fault zones are very
recent features. The northern boundary of the inner depression is a through-going fault comprising several NE-SW- and E-W-oriented,
overlapping fault segments. The southern boundary fault zone, on the other hand, consists of spectacular en-echelon fault
systems aligned in NE–SW and WNW–ESE directions. These en-echelon faults accommodate both dextral and vertical motions, thereby
generating block rotations along their horizontal axis. As the basin margins retreat, the basin widens continuously by mass-wasting
of the slopes of the inner basin. The mass-wasting, triggered by active tectonics, occurs by intense landsliding and channel
erosion. The eroded material is transported into the deep basin, where it is deposited in a series of deep-sea fans and slumps.
The high sedimentation rate is reflected in an over 1,500-m-thick basin fill which has accumulated in Pliocene–Quaternary
times. 相似文献
13.
Maarten Van Daele Aurélien van Welden Jasper Moernaut Christian Beck Franck Audemard Javier Sanchez François Jouanne Eduardo Carrillo Gustavo Malavé Andrés Lemus Marc De Batist 《Marine Geology》2011,279(1-4):37-51
The Gulf of Cariaco is a marginal basin located between the Cariaco Basin and the Paria Gulf, offshore NE Venezuela, along a system of active right-lateral strike-slip faults. It is connected to the Caribbean Sea via a shallow 58-m-deep sill implying that the gulf was disconnected from the global ocean during eustatic lowstands. A dense grid of high-resolution reflection seismic profiles has been used to determine the overall tectonic structure of the gulf and to establish the seismic stratigraphy of its sedimentary infill. Six unconformity-bounded seismic–stratigraphic units were identified in the upper ~ 200 m of the sedimentary infill. Detailed seismic–stratigraphic and seismic-facies analysis allowed defining a series of sedimentary features that can be used as indicators of past sea or lake level in the Gulf of Cariaco: i) delta offlap breaks, ii) evaporites, and iii) erosional unconformities. Using accurate measurements of these various indicators at several locations in the gulf and a simple total subsidence model, a relative sea/lake-level history encompassing the last 130 kyr could be reconstructed. In periods of connection with the open ocean, reconstructed relative sea level correlates well with eustatic sea level. In times of disconnection, distinct lake-level fluctuations occurred, which sometimes resulted in total dessication of the gulf. Lake-level fluctuations appear to correlate with major Heinrich Events, stadials and interstadials. MIS 4, the LGM and the Younger Dryas were thus identified in the Gulf of Cariaco sedimentary record. The last reconnection to the Caribbean Sea occurred during MWP1b (around 11.5 kyr). The very good fit of the Cariaco sea/lake-level curve with the eustatic sea-level curves (both in terms of amplitude and of timing) underscores potential for future paleoclimate research of the sedimentary record contained in this marginal basin, despite its active tectonic setting. 相似文献
14.
The collision between Eurasian and Pacific plates along the eastern margin of the Asian continent resulted in formation of a series of island-arcs, one of which is the Taiwan Island-arc, and the Taiwan Straits is a foreland basin in the continent-arc collision zone. The Quaternary fine-grained sediments occur evenly in the upper part of the basin, and the Pliocene deposits in the lower part. The stepped faults run in the deposits, indicating that the tectonic movement tended to weaken after the Pliocene. Strong seismic zones of Taiwan Island released large amount of plate overthrust-collision compressive stress and have their screen and prevention roles for the straits. Only the intersections between offshore NW-trending transform-like faults and seashore NE-trending faults on the southern and northern terminations of the Island are prone to strong earthquakes. The possibility of occurrence of M ≥ 6 earthquake should be very low in the area for the planned future tunnel. Moreover, the seismic intensity is rapidly attenuated from the surface downward. Thus, the seismic intensity for the tunnel under the seabed will be much lower. In seismotectonic view, the construction of tunnel is feasible. 相似文献
15.
This study presents an analysis of the single-channel high-resolution shallow seismic reflection data from Lake Erçek, eastern Anatolia, to provide key information on the deformational elements, on the fault patterns and on the overall tectonic structure of the Lake Erçek Basin. High-resolution seismic data reveal major structural and deformational features, including N–S trending normal faults and W–E trending reverse faults bounding the Lake Erçek Basin, basement highs and folded structures along the marginal sections of the lake. The N–S trending normal faults asymmetrically control the steep western margin and the gentle eastern deltaic section, while the W–E trending reverse faults appear at the northern and southern margins. The N–S trending normal faults, half-graben structure, and the gradual thickening of sediments in the Erçek Basin toward the fault scarps strongly suggest an extensional tectonic regime resulting from an N–S compression. The Erçek Basin is an extension-controlled depocenter; it is a relatively undeformed and flat-lying deep Basin, forming a typical example of the half-graben structure. The N–S trending normal faults appear to be currently active and control the lake center and the E-delta section, resulting in subsidence in the lake floor. In the N- and S-margins of the lake, there is evidence of folding, faulting and accompanying block uplifting, suggesting a significant N–S compressional regime that results in the reverse faulting and basement highs along the marginal sections. The folding and faulting caused strong uplift of the basement blocks in the N- and S- margins, subsequently exposing the shelf and slope areas. The exposed areas are evident in the erosional unconformity of the surface of the basement highs and thinned sediments. The tilted basement strata and subsequent erosion over the basement block highs suggest prominent structural inversion, probably long before the formation of the lake. New high-resolution seismic data reveal the fault patterns and structural lineaments of the Lake Erçek and provide strong evidence for an ongoing extension and subsidence. The present study provides new structural insights that will support future tectonic and sedimentary studies and the development of strategies related to active earthquake faults and major seismic events in the region of Lake Erçek. 相似文献
16.
Regional structure and tectonic history of the obliquely colliding Columbus foreland basin, offshore Trinidad and Venezuela 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Emilio Garciacaro 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2011,28(1):126-148
Cenozoic eastward migration of the Caribbean plate relative to the South American plate is recorded by an 1100-km-long Venezuela-Trinidad foreland basin which is oldest in western Venezuela (65-55 Ma), of intermediate age in eastern Venezuela (34-20 Ma) and youngest beneath the shelf and slope area of eastern offshore Trinidad (submarine Columbus basin, 15.0 Ma-Recent). In this study of the regional structure, fault families, and chronology of faulting and tectonic events affecting the hydrocarbon-rich Columbus foreland basin of eastern offshore Trinidad, we have integrated approximately 775 km of deep-penetration 2D seismic lines acquired by the 2004 Broadband Ocean-Land Investigations of Venezuela and the Antilles arc Region (BOLIVAR) survey, 325 km of vintage GULFREX seismic data collected by Gulf Oil Company in 1974, and published industry well data that can be tied to some of the seismic reflection lines. Top Cretaceous depth structure maps in the Columbus basin made from integration of all available seismic and well data define for the first time the elongate subsurface geometry of the 11-15 km thick and highly asymmetrical middle Miocene-Recent depocenter of the Columbus basin. The main depocenter located 150-200 km east of Trinidad and now the object of deepwater hydrocarbon exploration is completely filled by shelf and deepwater sediments derived mainly from the Orinoco delta. The submarine Darien ridge exhibits moderate (20-140 m) seafloor relief, forms the steep (12°-24°), northern structural boundary of the Columbus basin, and is known from industry wells to be composed of 0.5-4.5 km thick, folded and thrust-imbricated, hydrocarbon-bearing section of Cretaceous and early Tertiary limestones and clastic rocks. The eastern and southern boundaries of the basin are formed by the gently (1.7°-4.5°), northward-dipping Cretaceous-Paleogene passive margin of South America that is in turn underlain by Precambrian rocks of the Guyana shield.Interpretation of seismic sections tied to wells reveals the following fault chronology: (1) middle Miocene thrusting along the Darien ridge related to highly oblique convergence between the Caribbean plate and the passive margin of northern South America; continuing thrusting and transpression in an oblique foreland basin setting through the early Pleistocene; (2) early Pliocene-recent low-angle normal faults along the top of the Cretaceous passive margin; these faults were triggered by oversteepening related to formation of the downdip, structurally and bathymetrically deeper, and more seaward Columbus basin; large transfer faults with dominantly strike-slip displacements connect gravity-driven normal faults that cluster near the modern shelf-slope break and trend in the downslope direction; to the south no normal faults are present because the top Cretaceous horizon has not been oversteepened as it is adjacent to the foreland basin; (3) early Pliocene-Recent strike-slip faults parallel the trend of the Darien ridge and accommodate present-day plate motions. 相似文献
17.
The collision between Eurasian and Pacific plates along the eastern margin of the Asian continent resulted in formation of a series of island-arcs, one of which is the Taiwan Island-arc, and the Taiwan Straits is a foreland basin in the continent-arc collision zone. The Quaternary fine-grained sediments occur evenly in the upper part of the basin, and the Pliocene deposits in the lower part. The stepped faults run in the deposits, indicating that the tectonic movement tended to weaken after the Pliocene. Strong seismic zones of Taiwan Island released large amount of plate overthrust-collision compressive stress and have their screen and prevention roles for the straits. Only the intersections between offshore NW-trending transform-like faults and seashore NE-trending faults on the southern and northern terminations of the Island are prone to strong earthquakes. The possibility of occurrence of M?≥?6 earthquake should be very low in the area for the planned future tunnel. Moreover, the seismic intensity is rapidly attenuated from the surface downward. Thus, the seismic intensity for the tunnel under the seabed will be much lower. In seismotectonic view, the construction of tunnel is feasible. 相似文献
18.
《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2003,20(6-8):677-690
The seismic geomorphology and seismic stratigraphy of a deep-marine channel-levee system is described. A moderate to high-sinuosity channel trending southeastward across the northeastern Gulf of Mexico basin floor, and associated depositional elements are well imaged using conventional 3D multi-channel seismic reflection data. Depositional elements described include channels, associated levees, a channel belt, avulsion channels, levee crevasses, frontal splays, sediment waves, and mass transport complexes. Distinguishing morphologic and stratigraphic characteristics of each depositional element are discussed. These deposits are presumed to be associated with repeated deep-marine turbidity flows and other mass transport processes. 相似文献
19.
构造样式为盆内各类构造组合的几何形态表达,反映了盆地所处应力场性质变化与构造演化过程。本文基于近5年来针对东海陆架盆地所取得的地震资料解释成果,并综合盆地构造演化特征及其地球动力学背景,对盆地内中生界构造样式进行了系统的分类与总结,详细划分为5类构造样式:伸展构造样式、挤压构造样式、走滑构造样式、反转构造样式和底辟构造样式,并进一步细化为12种构造组合。同时,对东海陆架盆地内西部坳陷、中部低隆起、东部坳陷3个构造单元内的中生界构造样式发育情况分别进行了总结,各类构造样式自西至东具有各异的展布特征。综合盆内中生界构造样式几何学特点与展布特征可见,由于伊佐奈歧板块的俯冲、碰撞作用,区内处于挤压构造环境,进而形成了挤压背斜、断背斜、正反转等构造组合;大洋板块的后退翻卷及板块碰撞、俯冲的远程效应下,区内构造环境以伸展作用为主,形成了一系列NNE向裂陷盆地,发育了丰富的伸展构造组合;走滑-拉分构造的发育较好体现了构造环境的转变,地震剖面上见有花状断裂发育;岩浆底辟构造多发育于拉张环境下,与断裂展布息息相关,多沿NE-NNE向断裂展布。此外,新生代多期构造运动是影响中生界构造样式发育展布的重要因素。 相似文献
20.
南海西南次海盆被动陆缘洋陆转换带位于陆缘强烈伸展区,蕴含着岩石圈临界伸展破裂和洋盆扩张过程的丰富信息。本文利用多道地震剖面和重力异常数据,对西南次海盆被动陆缘构造单元进行划分,研究陆缘南、北部洋陆转换带结构构造特征,探讨陆缘伸展演化过程。多道地震剖面资料显示,北部洋陆转换带发育有裂陷期断陷和向海倾斜的掀斜断块;南部发育有低角度正断层控制的裂陷期断陷、海底火山以及局部隆起;从陆到洋方向,重力异常值变化明显。根据上述结果南海西南次海盆被动陆缘划分为近端带、洋陆转换带和洋盆三个构造单元,分别对应了其伸展演化过程的三个阶段：前裂谷阶段、陆缘裂陷阶段和海底扩张阶段。 相似文献