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1.
三温模型与MODIS影像反演蒸散发 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
提出三温模型结合MODIS数据反演区域蒸散发的方法,在内蒙古草原开展案例研究,以2008年植被生长季(7—10月)的波文比系统观测数据为标准,对该方法进行检验。结果表明:三温模型反演的蒸散发量,平均值、最大、最小值分别为4.58mm/d、9.03mm/d、1.28mm/d;蒸散发反演结果在空间上分布较均匀,与草原的均一性相吻合,在时间上蒸散发的数值先逐渐增大,8月后逐渐减小,与观测结果相一致;三温模型反演的蒸散发量与观测值之间的最小、最大绝对误差分别为0.11mm/d、1.64mm/d,平均绝对误差为0.58mm/d、平均相对误差为17.10%。三温模型在1km空间尺度的反演精度较理想。 相似文献
2.
《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(6):134-156
Penman–Monteith (PM) theory has been successfully applied to calculate land surface evapotranspiration (ET) for regional and global scales. However, soil surface resistance, related to soil moisture, is always difficult to determine over a large region, especially in arid or semiarid areas. In this study, we developed an ET estimation algorithm by incorporating soil moisture control, a soil moisture index (SMI) derived from the surface temperature and vegetation index space. We denoted this ET algorithm as the PM-SMI. The PM-SMI algorithm was compared with several other algorithms that calculated soil evaporation using relative humidity, and validated with Bowen ratio measurements at seven sites in the Southern Great Plain (SGP) that were covered by grassland and cropland with low vegetation cover, as well as at three eddy covariance sites from AmeriFlux covered by forest with high vegetation cover. The results show that in comparison with the other methods examined, the PM-SMI algorithm significantly improved the daily ET estimates at SGP sites with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.91 mm/d, bias of 0.33 mm/d, and R2 of 0.77. For three forest sites, the PM-SMI ET estimates are closer to the ET measurements during the non-growing season when compared with the other three algorithms. At all the 10 validation sites, the PM-SMI algorithm performed the best. PM-SMI 8-day ET estimates were also compared with MODIS 8-day ET products (MOD16A2), and the latter showed negligible bias at SGP sites. In contrast, most of the PM-SMI 8-day ET estimates are around the 1:1 line. 相似文献
3.
Yitong Jiang 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2017,54(1):95-117
Surface moisture is important to link land surface temperature (LST) to people’s thermal comfort. In urban areas, the surface roughness from buildings and urban trees impacts wind speed, and consequently surface moisture. To find the role of surface roughness in surface moisture estimation, we developed methods to estimate daily and hourly evapotranspiration (ET) and soil moisture, based on a case study of Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. In order to capture the spatial and temporal variations of LST, hourly and daily LST was produced by downscaling techniques. Given the heterogeneity in urban areas, fractions of vegetation, soil, and impervious surfaces were calculated. To describe the urban morphology, surface roughness parameters were calculated from digital elevation model (DEM), digital surface model (DSM), and Terrestrial Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR). Two source energy balance (TSEB) model was employed to generate ET, and the temperature vegetation index (TVX) method was used to calculate soil moisture. Stable hourly soil moisture fluctuated from 15% to 20%, and daily soil moisture increased due to precipitation and decreased due to seasonal temperature change. ET over soil, vegetation, and impervious surface in the urban areas yielded different patterns in response to precipitation. The surface roughness from high-rise has bigger influence on ET in central urban areas. 相似文献
4.
基于遥感的蒸散与土地利用及主要地表参数的关系研究——以乌裕尔河下游为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以TM/ETM+影像为数据源,利用自动分类与目视解译相结合的方法提取了研究区1992～2001年共5个时相的土地利用信息;采用SEBAL模型估算影像过境当天的日蒸散量;最后对蒸散与土地利用变化、植被覆盖度及地表温度等地表参数之间的关系进行了相关性分析。结果表明:水体、湿地具有较高的日蒸散量,草地、旱地、林地次之,盐碱地、居民地最低。说明蒸散与地表温度、植被覆盖度等密切相关,土地利用变化是引起上述变化的主要驱动力之一。 相似文献
5.
D. Singh I. Herlin J. P. Berroir S. Bouzidi 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2005,33(2):211-217
Evapotranspiration (ET) is continued process wherein moisture from soil and vegetated surface is transferred to the atmosphere.
Changes in evapotranspiration are likely to have large impacts on terrestrial vegetation. Evapotranspiration is a seasonally
varying property at a given place; changes in it reflect the status of soil moisture and terrestrial vegetation. Through water
balance, ET can include major shifts in vegetative patterns and or its condition leading to climate change. Therefore, in
this paper, it is attempted to estimate the evapotranspiration over various land cover using National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA)/ Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data at coarse spatial resolution of 1.1 km. For this
purpose, a semi-empirical model has been proposed to estimate the ET. Regression analysis has been carried out to develop
an empirical relation between individual land cover surface temperature and ET, which will be helpful to know the effect of
each land cover surface temperature on ET. In which, it is observed that surface temperature over grassland is more effective
on ET in comparison to other land cover in March 1999 on the Mupfure, Zimbabwe catchment area. This type of estimation will
be helpful for climate modeler, climatologists, ecosystem modeler and regional planner. 相似文献
6.
蒸散发是水圈、大气圈和生物圈中水分循环和能量交换的纽带。在全球尺度上,蒸散发约占陆地降水总量的60%;作为其能量表达形式,潜热通量约占地表净辐射的80%。随着通量观测技术的发展,全球长期持续的观测数据得以获取和共享,近年来基于数据驱动的蒸散发遥感反演方法取得了较好的研究进展。本文针对数据驱动的蒸散发遥感反演方法和产品,从经验回归、机器学习和数据融合3个方面展开,对现有的研究进展进行了梳理、归纳和总结,并从驱动数据、反演方法、已有产品等方面指出目前仍存在的问题和不足。未来仍需开展数据驱动的高时空分辨率的蒸散发遥感反演方法的研究,有效考虑地表温度和土壤水分等可以指示地表蒸散发短期变化的重要信息,同时加强基于过程驱动的物理模型与数据驱动的模型的结合,使两类模型能互为补充、各自发挥所长,共同推动蒸散发遥感反演研究水平的进步。 相似文献
7.
Yunjun Yao Shunlin Liang Qiming Qin Kaicun Wang Shaohua Zhao 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2011
The latent heat of evapotranspiration (ET) plays an important role in the assessment of drought severity as one sensitive indicator of land drought status. A simple and accurate method of estimating global ET for the monitoring of global land surface droughts from remote sensing data is essential. The objective of this research is to develop a hybrid ET model by introducing empirical coefficients based on a simple linear two-source land ET model, and to then use this model to calculate the Evaporative Drought Index (EDI) based on the actual estimated ET and the potential ET in order to characterize global surface drought conditions. This is done using the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) products, AVHRR-NDVI products from the Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) group, and National Centers for Environmental Prediction Reanalysis-2 (NCEP-2) datasets. We randomly divided 22 flux towers into two groups and performed a series of cross-validations using ground measurements collected from the corresponding flux towers. The validation results from the second group of flux towers using the data from the first group for calibration show that the daily bias varies from −6.72 W/m2 to 12.95 W/m2 and the average monthly bias is −1.73 W/m2. Similarly, the validation results of the first group of flux towers using data from second group for calibration show that the daily bias varies from −12.91 W/m2 to 10.26 W/m2 and the average monthly bias is −3.59 W/m2. To evaluate the reliability of the hybrid ET model on a global scale, we compared the estimated ET from the GEWEX, AVHRR-GIMMS-NDVI, and NECP-2 datasets with the latent heat flux from the Global Soil Wetness Project-2 (GSWP-2) datasets. We found both of them to be in good agreement, which further supports the validity of our model's global ET estimation. Significantly, the patterns of monthly EDI anomalies have a good spatial and temporal correlation with the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) anomalies from January 1984 to December 2002, which indicates that the method can be used to accurately monitor long-term global land surface drought. 相似文献
8.
9.
In semiarid regions the occurrence of alternating long drought and heavy rainfall periods directly impacts water availability, affecting human water supply, agriculture development and the provision of ecosystem services. Because of that, research on the water input and output fluxes at the basin scale is of paramount importance. In this sense, rainfall-evapotranspiration (ET) dynamics play a critical role in water, soil and vegetation interactions, in hydrometeorological modelling and in the energy fluxes dynamics of semiarid regions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to quantify daily ET during a wet year and a dry year in a watershed located in the Brazilian Semiarid, by using remote sensing data and formulations based on the Simplified Surface Energy Balance Index (S-SEBI) and the Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) algorithms. Land surface temperature, albedo and NDVI data from MODIS sensor and solar radiation data from weather stations located in the basin were used. Rainfall analysis indicated 2009 and 2012 as being representatives of anomalously wet and dry years respectively, which were selected for the quantification of ET. The proposed algorithm was adjusted and verified with data from a flux tower equipped with eddy covariance system. Daily remote sensing ET estimates showed good agreement with observed values (RMSE = 0.79 mm.d−1) and the annual ET relative error was of 7.7% (35.4 mm.year−1). Results showed that the native vegetation can delay its dormant state for five months during wet years. During the wet year, ET differences between land cover classes were less noticeable due to soil saturation and the urgency of vegetated surfaces to meet their physiological needs. In dry year, however, differences were more evident, with bare soil presenting lower ET rates and vegetation classes showing higher ET values. 相似文献
10.
遥感反演蒸散发的日尺度扩展方法研究进展 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
遥感技术能够提供卫星过境时刻地表参量的瞬时值,进而通过模型构建可反演得到瞬时蒸散发。相对于瞬时蒸散发,日尺度蒸散发在实际生产生活中具有更重要的应用价值。本文系统地总结分析了遥感反演瞬时蒸散发的代表性日尺度扩展方法,包括蒸发比不变法、解耦因子不变法、辐射能量比不变法、参考蒸发比不变法、地表阻抗不变法和数据同化法,并对各方法的基本原理、估算精度、适用性等进行了对比分析。在此基础上,进一步综述了日尺度扩展方法存在的不确定性和主要问题,包括扩展方法本身误差、云覆盖、气象数据获取、夜间蒸散发估算、遥感反演同扩展误差累积及真实性检验等,并指出今后应从加强有云天及夜间蒸散发扩展机理和方法等方面的研究来提升瞬时蒸散发日尺度扩展精度。 相似文献
11.
基于MODIS产品影像及陆面能量平衡系统(SEBS)的河北平原区域蒸散估算 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
地表蒸散是区域水文循环的重要组成部分之一,传统的地表蒸散估算一般基于点上的气象观测数据,当用于区域地表蒸散评价时,具有一定的局限性.随着遥感技术的发展,利用遥感影像能够对大区域进行观测的优势进行区域地表蒸散估算已成为可能.地表能量平衡系统(SEBS)是根据地表能量平衡估算地表蒸散量的一种方法,该方法由于提出了地表能量传输过程中关键制约因素热传导粗糙度的估算模型而在遥感蒸散计算方面具有较高的精度.本文在SEBS模型的基础上,以河北平原为例,采取中分辨率成像光谱辐射仪(MODIS)产品影像,根据研究区下垫面的实际情况进行了参数估算,进行了区域实际蒸发蒸腾量计算及模型精确度评价,并在SEBS模型的基础上,提出了新的"标准化温度差-反照率"特征空间分析方法,对研究区内地表土壤水分现状进行了评价;最后,对河北平原地表蒸散时空分布进行了分析.计算结果表明,在所选取的晴空乌云条件下,根据SEBS模型计算所得的地表蒸散与研究区内利用大型承重式蒸渗仪所测量的地表实际蒸散量具有很好的一致性,说明SEBS模型在遥感蒸散计算方面据有较高的可信度.然而,由于地表蒸散的遥感估算是以所获取的遥感影像单元为基础,计算误差不可避免,尤其是使用低分辨率遥感影像的时候,每个影像单元所反映的地表蒸散为单元内各种地表覆盖的综合反映,当与只反映一种地表覆盖蒸散的大型承重式蒸渗仪测量结果进行比较时,误差是显而易见的,因此,若着重考虑模型精度验证,尚需在以后的研究中考虑使用高分辨率的遥感影像.地表土壤水分或湿度状况是地表能量交换及蒸散发生的主要控制因素.利用地表温度与植被指数的关系对区域地表湿度状况进行监测在实践中被广泛利用,然而,由于不用地区地表属性的千差万别,当利用这种方法进行区域地表湿度评价时,"地表温度-植被指数"特征空间的边界很难确定.本文在SEBS模型的基础上,提出新的"标准化温度差-反照率"特征空间分析方法,对研究区内地表土壤水分现状进行评价,结果显示,由于在SEBS模型中考虑了干限和湿限两种极端情况下的能量平衡,"标准化温度差.反照率"特征空间的边界问题很容易被确定,利用修正的特征空间,可以对区域土壤水分或湿度状况进行客观的评价.下垫面的几何特征参数的精确反演是进行地表能量平衡模拟的基础,目前多根据有关经验公式利用遥感影像进行下垫面几何特征参数估算,由于已有的经验公式多基于不同研究区域获得,当应用到新的研究区时,其具体参数需要进一步调整,以获得对下垫面的几何特征的精确描述.由于缺乏相关实测资料,本研究中利用经验公式进行下垫面几何特征参数,误差不可避免,需要在以后的研究中进行深入探索.另外,地表蒸散的计算只是进行区域水资源评价、农业节水措施评价以及全球变化等研究的一个中间环节,需要在以后的研究中根据具体研究目的进行进一步研究. 相似文献
12.
Sanjay Kumar Jain Sharad K. Jain V. Hariprasad Anju Choudhry 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2011,39(2):259-270
Water balance of a basin involves estimation of input precipitation, runoff, infiltration and evapotranspiration (ET). Although
ET may have large variations over a big basin, it is commonly estimated using a few point measurements and this makes the
estimation error prone. Satellite based remote sensing data provides few parameters for estimation of energy fluxes, at the
land surface and atmosphere interaction in a distributed manner using the meteorological parameters. These parameters through
surface energy balance equation have been used for the estimation of ET in this study. Various spatially distributed variables
required for ET estimation; viz. NDVI, surface albedo, surface temperature etc. have been derived using remote sensing and
ancillary data for Tapi basin located in western India. Beside this field data such as rainfall, air temperature, relative
humidity, sunshine hours etc. have been used. For computation of runoff, Soil Conservation Services (SCS) approach has been
considered. Tapi basin up to Ukai dam has been selected as the study area. Satellite data from National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA), Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellite, which carries the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer
(AVHRR), have been used for preparation of various maps required for runoff and ET analysis. The results of runoff and ET
have been compared with observed data for 2 years, 2002–2003 and the results have been found in good agreement with observed
data. 相似文献
13.
Yunqiao Shu Simon Stisen Karsten H. Jensen Inge Sandholt 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2011
Data from the first operational Chinese geostationary satellite Fengyun-2C (FY-2C) satellite are applied in combination with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite products for the assessment of regional evapotranspiration over the North China Plain. The approach is based on the improved triangle method, where the temperature–vegetation index space includes thermal inertia. Two thermal infrared channels from FY-2C are used to estimate surface temperature (Ts) based on a split window algorithm originally proposed for the MSG-SEVIRI sensor. Subsequently the high temporal resolution of FY-2C data is exploited to give the morning rise in Ts. Combined with the 16 days composite MODIS vegetation indices product (MOD13) at a spatial resolution of 5 km, evaporative fraction (EF) is estimated by interpolation in the ΔTs–NDVI triangular-shaped scatter space. Finally, regional actual evapotranspiration (ET) is derived from the evaporative fraction and available energy estimated from MODIS surface albedo products MCD43. Spatial variations of estimated surface variables (Ts, EF and ET) corresponded well to land cover patterns and farmland management practices. Estimated ET and EF also compared well to lysimeter data collected for the period June 2005–September 2007. The improved triangle method was also applied to MODIS products for comparison. Estimates based on FY-2C products proved to provide slightly better results than those based on MODIS products. The consistency of the estimated spatial variation with other spatial data supports the use of FY-2C data for ET estimation using the improved triangle method. Of particular value is the high temporal frequency of image acquisitions from FY-2C which improves the likelihood of obtaining cloud free image acquisitions as compared to polar orbiting sensors like MODIS. 相似文献
14.
基于蒸渗仪的蒸散量时间尺度扩展方法对比 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
蒸散量（ET,Evapotranspiration）时间尺度扩展方法模拟效果受多种因素影响。本文利用蒸渗仪实测的冬小麦生育期ET数据,对比分析基于蒸发比、作物系数和冠层阻力的不同ET时间尺度扩展方法的估算效果。结果表明,对小时到日尺度的ET时间扩展而言,利用上午时段（10：00-11：00）的ET实测数据,基于冠层阻力的日ET尺度扩展值估算效果要优于基于蒸发比和作物系数的效果,而利用下午时段（14：00-15：00）的ET实测数据,基于作物系数的日ET尺度扩展值估算效果要优于基于蒸发比和冠层阻力的效果,对于从典型日到生育期尺度的ET时间扩展,基于作物系数的生育期ET尺度扩展值估算效果要好于基于蒸发比和冠层阻力的效果。应根据当地的气候气象条件、作物种植状况、时间尺度扩展类型、土壤水分、ET观测设施种类等因素,择优适宜的ET时间尺度扩展方法。 相似文献
15.
P. K. Shrivastava M. P. Tripathi S. N. Das 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2004,32(2):145-157
A distributed parameter model Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) has been tested on daily and monthly basis for estimating surface runoff and sediment yield from a small watershed “Chhokeranala” in eastern India using satellite data and Geographical Information System (GIS). Several maps like watershed and sub-watershed boundaries, drainage network, landuse/cover and soil texture have been generated. The SWAT model has been verified for the initial phase of monsoon season in the year 2002 using daily rainfall and air temperature. Performance of the model has been also evaluated to simulate the surface runoff and sediment yield on sub-watershed basis for two months (July-August 2002). The results show a good agreement between observed and simulated runoff and sediment yield during the study period. Capability of the model for generating rainfall has been evaluated for 10 years (1992 - 2001) period. The model simulated daily rainfall shows close agreement with the observed rainfall. The present results show that the SWAT model can be used for satisfactory simulation of daily and monthly rainfall, runoff and sediment yield. 相似文献
16.
准确反演区域尺度的蒸散发对于水资源循环、气候变化、科学灌溉及干旱与洪涝监测等方面的研究具有重要的科学意义,本文以漳河灌区为典型案例,构建了遥感蒸散发的SEBS模型,验证了其精度,分析了其时空规律。结果表明：①2009—2018年钟祥、荆门、团林站点的（蒸散发） ET观测值与模拟值的平均相关系数分别为0.86、0.84和0.83,RMSE平均值分别为0.61、0.67和0.62 mm/d。年际间的ET观测值与模拟值变化幅度均小于10%,相关系数范围为0.7～0.9,RMSE范围为0.4～0.8 mm/d,标准差比率范围为0.8～1.5。②研究区2009—2018年ET的平均值为427.34 mm,整体呈上升趋势。③年尺度、季尺度和月尺度ET与气温和降水在时间序列上均有较好的一致性。多时间尺度ET均呈东北和西南部高、西部低的空间分布特征。研究结果能够较好地呈现ET的高时空异质特征和年际间空间差异,本文将为漳河灌区水资源开发管理和科学灌溉提供科学依据。 相似文献
17.
Evapotranspiration (ET) is a vital process in land surface atmosphere research. In this study, Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) for the assessment of ET (for 23 December 2010, 8 January 2011, 24 January 2011, 9 February 2011, 25 February 2011, 29 March 2011 and 14 April 2011) from LANDSAT7-ETM+ and validation with Lysimeter data set is illustrated. It is based on the evaporative fraction concept, and it has been applied to LANDSAT7-ETM + (30 m resolution) data acquired over the Indian Agricultural Research Institute’s agricultural farm land. The ET from SEBAL was compared with Lysimeter ET using four statistical tests (root-mean-square error (RMSE), relative root-mean-square error (R-RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and normalized root-mean square error (NRMSE)), and each test showed a good correlation between the predicted and observed ET values. Results from this study revealed that the RMSE of crop-growing period was 0.51 mm d?1 for ETSEBAL, i.e. ETSEBAL having good accuracy with respect to observed ETLysimeter. Results were also validated using R-RMSE test, which also proved that ETSEBAL data are having good accuracy with respect to observed ETLysimeter as R-RMSE of crop-growing period is 0.19 mm d?1. MAE (0.19), NRMSE (0.21) and r2 (0.91) tests indicated that model prediction is significant, and model can be effectively used for the estimation of ET from SEBAL as input of remote sensing data sets. Finally, the SEBAL has been useful for remote agricultural land where ground-based data (Lysimeter data) are not available for daily ET (ET24 h) estimation. The temporal study of the ET24 h values analysed has revealed that the highest ET24 h values are owing to the higher development (high greenness) of crops, whereas the lower values are related to the lower development (low greenness) or null crop. 相似文献
18.
以亚洲地区46个IGS站2008-2011年实测的高精度天顶对流层延迟（ZTD）数据为参考值,通过对2008-2010年EGNOS模型计算ZTD的日均偏差进行频谱分析,建立了亚洲地区EGNOS模型的单站修正模型（SSIEGNOS）,对EGNOS和SSIEGNOS模型在亚洲地区的精度和适用情况进行了评估,结果表明：（1）EGNOS模型偏差和RMS在时间分布上呈现明显的季节变化规律,而SSIEGNOS模型偏差和RMS变化较小且平稳;（2）在空间分布上,两种模型的偏差随着经纬度和高程的变化均无明显规律,但随着高程或者纬度的增加RMS总体上都有递减的趋势;（3）SSIEGNOS模型预测ZTD的精度相对于EGNOS模型有明显提高。 相似文献
19.
Procedures to calculate mean sea surface heights and gravity anomalies from altimeter-derived sea surface heights and along-track
sea surface slopes using the least-squares collocation procedure are derived. The slope data is used when repeat track averaging
is not possible to reduce ocean variability effects. Tests were carried out using Topex, Geosat, ERS-1 [35-day and 168-day
(2 cycle)] data. Calculations of gravity anomalies in the Gulf Stream region were made using the sea surface height and slope
data. Tests were also made correcting the sea surface heights for dynamic ocean topography calculated from a degree 360 expansion
of data from the POCM-4B global ocean circulation model. Comparisons of the anomaly predictions were carried out with ship
data using anomalies calculated for this paper as well as others.
Received: 19 August 1996 / Accepted: 14 April 1997 相似文献
20.
遥感估算地表蒸散发真实性检验研究进展 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
地表蒸散发是连接土壤—植被—大气连续体的纽带,结合遥感技术估算地表蒸散发已成为获取区域乃至全球尺度时空连续地表蒸散发量的有效手段。由于遥感估算地表蒸散发容易受到地表空间异质性和近地层气象条件复杂性的影响,在模型机理与变量参数化方案、输入数据和时间尺度扩展等方面存在不确定性,影响了其准确度的提高和应用范围的拓展,因此需要开展真实性检验。本文综述了当前遥感估算地表蒸散发(包括植被蒸腾和土壤蒸发)真实性检验研究的相关成果,重点归纳并总结了应用于遥感估算地表蒸散发真实性检验的直接检验法和间接检法的主要原理、适用性和优缺点,在此基础上阐述了当前遥感估算地表蒸散发真实性检验研究所面临的挑战。分析表明：由于地表空间异质性的普遍存在,遥感估算地表蒸散发真实性检验研究在理论和方法方面还受到诸多挑战,今后应打破地表蒸散发遥感产品真实性检验局限在均匀地表的传统思路,发展非均匀地表遥感估算地表蒸散发真实性检验的理论框架,包括地表水热状况空间异质性的度量、非均匀地表验证场的优化布设、非均匀下垫面地表蒸散发的多尺度观测试验、卫星像元/区域尺度地表蒸散发相对真值的获取、验证过程中的不确定性分析以及遥感估算地表蒸散发的实证研究等,并构建一个多源、多尺度、多方法、多层次的真实性检验技术流程,以期把遥感估算地表蒸散发真实性检验作为突破口,提升相应遥感产品的应用水平,推动定量遥感科学的发展。 相似文献