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雷达反射率因子垂直廓线研究和多种遥感资料综合估计降水 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
利用同一Ｚ－Ｉ关系下地面降水与雷达回波强度的空间最佳匹配思想,提出了一种定量降水的新方法：考察Ｉ－Ｈ曲线,确定与地面的雨量计资料最相近的Ｉ值的所在高度,然后此用此高度上的Ｉ值反演降水。发现降水与很多因子有关,而云顶温度,反照率及云顶温度的时间梯度最为明显。研究表明用多因子方程估计降水效果较好。 相似文献
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利用辽宁阜新国家站(121.7458°E,42.0672°N)的毫米波云雷达(8 mm)和微雨雷达(12.5 mm)对2020年8月12-13日东北冷涡影响下的一次降水过程进行了观测,分析了云降水的垂直结构特征并探讨了降水机制。结果表明：本次过程中,云水平方向发展不均匀,以层状云和层积混合云为主,云内有时还嵌有对流泡。云降水阶段性变化明显,先后出现了层状云降水、层积混合云降水和对流云降水。层状云降水和层积混合云降水均表现出明显的亮带特征,但层积混合云降水的雷达回波强度、回波顶高和降水强度明显大于层状云降水。对流云降水的雷达回波会因强降水而产生明显衰减,因此回波顶高不能表示出实际的云顶情况。层状云降水阶段,云雷达反射率随高度降低增长缓慢,雨滴在下落过程中受蒸发和碰并的共同作用,反射率降低。与层状云降水相比,层积混合云降水的碰并效应强,且由于前期降水对近地面的增湿作用,使云下蒸发弱。对流云降水阶段,反射率的增长主要发生在冰水混合层,有利于大滴的产生,拓宽了云滴谱,提高了碰并效率。 相似文献
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使用中尺度数值模式WRF中的双参数云微物理方案WDM6针对2008年台风“凤凰”登陆过程中造成的强降水进行数值模拟,通过卫星模拟器利用MTSAT-1R和TRMM卫星观测的红外云顶黑体亮温TBB、PR雷达反射率资料使用统计方法验证模拟结果。通过修改云水向雨水自动转化过程、冰晶核化过程、雪和霰的下落末速度、雪和霰的截距进行敏感性试验,减小模拟结果和卫星观测结果的差异。研究结果表明:WDM6方案模拟的台风“凤凰”登陆后的降水,强对流云系及对流柱状雷达回波基本符合实况,但模拟结果局部偏强。WDM6方案模拟产生了较多的浅对流云,低估了对流云系的出现频率。不同云类型模拟的雷达回波均偏强,对流云系雷达回波垂直分布接近观测。敏感性试验结果说明修改WDM6方案中云水向雨水自动转化率有效地改善了模拟效果。同时发现云滴初始数浓度影响云水向雨水自动转化率并最终影响云系结构和雷达反射率的模拟结果,过高的云滴初始数浓度会使模拟结果变差。 相似文献
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借鉴美国CAPS开发的中尺度ARPS模式的资料分析系统ADAS,设计了基于GRAPES_Meso的云分析系统,实现了地面云观测资料、卫星云图、多普勒雷达反射率资料在GRAPRS模式中的综合融合应用。通过对登陆台风莫拉菲 (0906) 数值模拟检验云分析系统的性能。结果表明:云分析系统通过地面云观测资料、卫星红外云图、可见光云图、多普勒雷达反射率的同化,能够反演出合理的三维云覆盖状况;在三维云覆盖的基础上结合云底云顶高度,进而反演出云水、云冰、雨水、雪、霰等云微物理量,并显著改善模式初始湿度场;在台风登陆过程的模拟中,虽然对台风路径的预报有所偏差,但对比控制试验,在台风登陆地点、台风强度、路径的预报中云分析发挥了正作用;通过对云分析后初始场反演的雷达回波进行检验,验证了云分析的可行性与正确性,对整体的降水预报效果也有明显改善。 相似文献
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T. W. Krauss A. A. Sin’kevich R. Burger N. E. Veremei Yu. A. Dovgalyuk V. D. Stepanenko 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2011,36(10):643-652
Changes are analyzed of a Cb cloud characteristics due to its merging with feeder clouds, on the data on a long-living Cb cloud in Saudi Arabia on July 4, 2008. Continuous radar and satellite observations of the cloud are carried out during 6 h. The Cb cloud development is also numerically simulated using a nonstationary 1½ model. It is found that the processes of Cb cloud merging with feeder clouds developing in its vicinities affect significantly the Cb cloud development. This impact demonstrates itself in longer duration of the Cb cloud life span, increasing top height, reflectivity, precipitation duration and intensity. Modification of the feeder clouds can accelerate their development, which eventually can affect notably the Cb cloud. 相似文献
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利用FY-4卫星云顶亮温（Cloud Top Temperature,CTT）资料和雷达回波资料,分析了2019年6-9月大连地区的闪电活动特征,重点分析了该地区2019年9月4日的一次强对流天气闪电活动特征与雷达回波及CTT之间的相关性。结果表明：此次过程雷暴起始于大连东南方向。在雷暴初始阶段,以云闪为主,云闪高度主要集中在7-12 km。闪电活动主要集中在雷达回波强度>30 dBz的区域,对应的云顶高度超过了8 km。闪电活动与FY-4卫星CTT之间存在较好的相关性,闪电主要发生在CTT为240-250 K左右区域。对2019年5-8月大连地区雷达与闪电活动进行量化分析,发现闪电活动主要集中于雷达组合反射率39.38 dBz附近区域,对应的云顶高度为8.21 km。 相似文献
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使用CMA-GD模式及云分析系统,引入云南C波段多普勒雷达反射率因子资料,对2019年7月9日过程进行模拟试验,分析引入反射率资料对模式初始场和降水过程预报的影响。（1）引入反射率后,云中和底部的云量有所增加。水汽在900~200 hPa有大范围增加,能有效地调整降水区域的水汽分布。对模式顶层温度的调整较大,而对风场的影响较小。（2）引入反射率后,对3 h内降水强度及落区有较大改善,4~6 h的预报有所改善,7 h以后改善不明显。（3）引入反射率资料后,1~4 h大气可降水量增量较明显,5~9 h增量较前4 h明显减小。（4）在河口上空云水和水汽在950~400 hPa增加,霰、云冰和云雪在600~400 hPa增加,雨滴在1 000~500 hPa增加。水凝物增加,有利于河口站降水的发生。 相似文献
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A. A. Sinkevich T. W. Krauss S. D. Pavar N. E. Veremei Yu. A. Dovgalyuk A. B. Kurov V. Gopalakrishnan 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2014,39(9):577-589
Considered is a case of the development of the cumulonimbus cloud (Cb) in the southwestern part of Saudi Arabia under the conditions of heavy pollution of atmosphere with natural aerosol. Using the ground-based radar and satellite radiometric instruments, the characteristics of the Cb are obtained for the cloud top height of more than 14 km and maximum reflectivity of 58 dBZ. To measure the precipitation rate using the radar data, the Z-I ratio obtained for the area under study was applied. To compute the precipitation rate, the results of the sounding with the SEVERI radiometer installed on the Meteosat-8 satellite were also used. Carried out are numerical experiments on the simulation of aerosol effects on the evolution of the cloud under study. The development of the cloud at the presence of background aerosol was simulated as well as at high aerosol concentration. Three cases are considered: aerosol is a passive admixture; aerosol has hygroscopic properties; aerosol has ice-forming properties. It is demonstrated that the most considerable effects on the cloud evolution are caused by the intensification of ice formation under the influence of aerosol; not only the time distribution of precipitation rate changes but also the amount of precipitation increases. 相似文献
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A. A. Sin’kevich Yu. P. Mikhailovskii Yu. A. Dovgalyuk N. E. Veremei E. V. Bogdanov A. Kh. Adzhiev A. M. Malkarova A. M. Abshaev 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2016,41(9):610-619
The results of synchronous radar, radiometric, and lightning-detection measurements are analyzed to reveal interrelations between the parameters of electric discharges and the parameters of cumulonimbus clouds developing in the North Caucasus. The dependences of electric activity of the cloud on radar parameiers as well as on the parameiers reirieved from Meteosat SEVIRI radiometer measurements are considered. Electric discharges (intracloud discharges and lightnings) were registered for 1 hour 40 minutes (the maximum frequency was equal to 448 discharges per minute). The relation ships are identified that connect the parameters of electric discharges with the precipitation rate and with the field of cloud top temperaiure. It was found that the frequency of eleciric discharges increases as the precipitation rate increases. The maximum frequency is reached at the precipitation rate equal to 70 mm/hour. Normalized autocorrelation functions ofthe field ofcloud top temperature retrieved from the satellite data are constructed. The high correlation is revealed between the scale of inhomogeneity of the field of cloud top temperature and the frequency of electrical discharges. 相似文献
12.
A. A. Sin’kevich V. B. Popov I. A. Tarabukin E. V. Dorofeev Yu. A. Dovgalyuk N. E. Veremei Yu. P. Mikhailovskii V. S. Snegurov A. V. Snegurov 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2018,43(8):506-515
The results of investigation of convective cloud merging observed near Saint Petersburg are presented. Data obtained with a set of remote sensing instruments (radar, radiometer, and lightning location system) were analyzed. Rain gage network data are used. Clouds simulation is performed using a 1.5-dimensional nonstationary model. A method to calibrate the radar measurements to obtain precipitation characteristics using rain gage network data is developed. According to radar data, a 2-km increase in the cloud top height was observed after Cu merging, the maximum reflectivity of clouds increased at 10 dBZ, maximum rain intensity and rain flux increased by about two times. The increase in rainfall intensity is also corroborated by rain gage observations and numerical simulations. An increase in the intensity of lightning discharges during the merging is registered. 相似文献
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M. Bolliger P. Binder H. P. Roesli H. Wanner 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2004,87(4):219-234
Summary In autumn 1999 during the field phase of the Mesoscale Alpine Programme (MAP), the geostationary satellite Meteosat-6 performed 5-minute rapid scan imagery over central Europe. The rapid scan data of 11 heavy precipitation events are investigated by analyzing the spatial and temporal characteristics of cloud top structures. The objectives are to separate convective from stratiform cloud regions by satellite data alone and to gain insight into the life cycle of heavy precipitation systems. For verification of the satellite-based results, radar data from the operational Mt. Lema C-band radar is interpolated on the spatial grid of the infrared and visible Meteosat images. The interpolated radar data of each single grid cell is then classified by a convective-stratiform algorithm and compared to the analysed rapid scan imagery.The satellite- and radar-based approaches do only rarely produce matching classifications concerning the identification of convective areas. Since convection during the field phase of MAP occurred mostly embedded within stratiform cloud regions, no temporal and spatial characteristics of convective activity within clouds can be systematically derived from satellite imagery. This lack of characteristic cloud top structures prevented the unambiguous identification of typical cloudiness associated with stratiform precipitation. It is one of the major findings of this study, that in several cases being classified as stratiform by radar, strong cloud development is observed in satellite imagery. The preferred area of strong cloud development is located ahead of the Alpine barrier in a precipitation-free atmosphere. Two contrasting examples of life cycles of heavy precipitation systems are given based on the complementary information extracted from satellite and radar data. 相似文献
14.
三维雷达反射率资料用于层状云和对流云的识别研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
基于层状云和对流云的雷达反射率分布的三维形态特征，提出了识别层状云和对流云的6个候选识别参数，它们分别是:组合反射率及其水平梯度，反射率因子等于35 dBZ的回波顶高及其水平梯度、垂直累积液态水含量及其密度。通过分析候选识别参数分布图和选取的反射率垂直剖面图，用人机交互方式挑选“真实的”层状云和对流云区，统计这6个候选识别参数分布的概率密度特征；最后确定把分布概率密度更集中的组合反射率水平梯度、35 dBZ的回波顶高的水平梯度和垂直累积液态水含量密度作为识别参数，利用模糊逻辑法进行层状云和对流云的识别。用三个个例进行了识别试验，并把用模糊逻辑法识别的结果与用改进的巅峰值法识别的结果进行了比较，结果表明:用模糊逻辑法和改进的巅峰值法都能合理地识别大部分层状云和对流云；由于改进的巅峰值法只考虑了反射率分布的二维形态特征，它容易把对流核的外围识别成层状云，把厚实的层状云识别成对流云，而考虑了反射率分布的三维形态特征的模糊逻辑法在这两个方面有很大改善。 相似文献
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FU Yunfei 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):965-982
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2012年盛夏山东西部一次短时强降水天气的形成机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用常规观测资料、自动站加密观测资料、卫星云图和雷达资料,对2012年7月4日山东省西部一次短时强降水的天气形势、物理量条件、云图和雷达回波特征进行分析。结果表明：在有利降水的大尺度天气系统背景下,低层冷空气和中尺度天气系统造成了本次短时强降水天气;低层925hPa和1 000 hPa的充沛水汽和辐合上升运动有利于强降水天气的发生,正涡度中心对应强降水中心;地面辐合线和低压环流造成本次短时强降水天气;中尺度对流云团和地面中尺度系统相对应,其位置和维持时间与强降水的落区和时间基本一致。雷达组合反射率因子〉45 dBZ的强回波区与强降水落区基本吻合;雷达平均径向速度产品逆风区中辐合流场的出现和维持及回波顶高的上升对应地面中尺度气旋式环流的形成和维持;逆风区中辐散流场的出现和维持及回波顶高的下降,对应地面中尺度气旋式环流的减弱;短时强降水出现的初期,垂直累积液态水含量出现了一个峰值,峰值出现时间提前于较强降水时段。 相似文献
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Cloud properties were investigated based on aircraft and cloud radar co-observation conducted at Yitong, Jilin, Northeast China. The aircraft provided in situ measurements of cloud droplet size distribution, while the millimeter-wavelength cloud radar vertically scanned the same cloud that the aircraft penetrated. The reflectivity factor calculated from aircraft measurements was compared in detail with simultaneous radar observations. The results showed that the two reflectivities were comparable in warm clouds, but in ice cloud there were more differences, which were probably associated with the occurrence of liquid water. The acceptable agreement between reflectivities obtained in water cloud confirmed that it is feasible to derive cloud properties by using aircraft data, and hence for cloud radar to remotely sense cloud properties. Based on the dataset collected in warm clouds, the threshold of reflectivity to diagnose drizzle and cloud particles was studied by analyses of the probability distribution function of reflectivity from cloud particles and drizzle drops. The relationship between reflectivity factor (Z) and cloud liquid water content (LWC) was also derived from data on both cloud particles and drizzle. In comparison with cloud droplets, the relationship for drizzle was blurred by many scatter points and thus was less evident. However, these scatters could be partly removed by filtering out the drop size distribution with a large ratio of reflectivity and large extinction coefficient but small effective radius. Empirical relationships of Z-LWC for both cloud particles and drizzle could then be derived. 相似文献
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Cloud is essential in the atmosphere, condensing water vapor and generating strong convective or large-scale persistent precipitation. In this work, the relationships between cloud vertical macro- or microphysical properties, radiative heating rate, and precipitation for convective and stratiform clouds in boreal summer over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are analyzed and compared with its neighboring land and tropical oceans based on CloudSat/CALIPSO satellite measurements and TRMM precipitation data. The precipitation intensity caused by convective clouds is twofold stronger than that by stratiform clouds. The vertical macrophysics of both cloud types show similar features over the TP, with the region weakening the precipitation intensity and compressing the cloud vertical expansion and variation in cloud top height, but having an uplift effect on the average cloud top height. The vertical microphysics of both cloud types under conditions of no rain over the TP are characterized by lower-level ice water, ice particles with a relatively larger range of sizes, and a relatively lower occurrence of denser ice particles. The features are similar to other regions when precipitation enhances, but convective clouds gather denser and larger ice particles than stratiform clouds over the TP. The atmospheric shortwave (longwave) heating (cooling) rate strengthens with increased precipitation for both cloud types. The longwave cooling layer is thicker when the rainfall rate is less than 100 mm d?1, but the net heating layer is typically compressed for the profiles of both cloud types over the TP. This study provides insights into the associations between clouds and precipitation, and an observational basis for improving the simulation of convective and stratiform clouds over the TP in climate models. 相似文献
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地基云雷达是云的重要探测手段，但随着运行时间的增加，雷达发射机、接收器等参数的变化，会使观测数据产生漂移偏差，从而对云物理特性的反演产生显著影响，因此云雷达数据的校准是一个重要的基础问题。针对KAZR（Ka Band Zenith Radar，K波段云雷达）云雷达特征，本文在Pavlos等提出的雷达数据校准方法基础上进行改进，优化了对弱云和降水的信号识别，利用CloudSat星载雷达观测的反射率因子，气体衰减校正等数据，对兰州大学半干旱气候环境监测站（Semi Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University，SACOL）KAZR云雷达2013年8月至2017年5月反射率因子数据进行了校准，建立了KAZR雷达反射率因子46个月的历史资料校准数据库，并对校准周期的变化进行了对比分析。校准数据库的建立对SACOL站云的长期观测研究具有重要意义，同时为不同波段地基雷达的对比增加了可行性。 相似文献
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降雨型滴谱与反射率因子及雨强关系研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用C＋＋Builder对激光降水粒子谱仪的原始雨滴谱数据进行解码,应用M-P分布对2008年6月8—9日庐山的一次降雨过程进行拟合。结果表明,M-P分布的拟合曲线与雨强有关,但不利于对比分析雨滴谱。以无量纲粒子直径和无量纲粒子密度分布的自然对数为自变量和因变量,建立M-P分布、线性最小二乘拟合、Γ分布的雨滴谱拟合关系式,通过误差分析得到Γ分布相对最优。比较雨滴谱反演的回波强度和南昌雷达观测取样点上的回波强度,发现它们随时间的变化趋势大体一致,但反演的回波强度略大于雷达观测。按平均直径、中数体积直径对降雨进行分类,分别建立层状云和对流云降雨的反射率因子和雨强之间的关系式（Z-I关系式）,2种降雨类型关系式的系数存在明显的不同。 相似文献