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通过温度、相对湿度和风速等气象因素与不同粒径大气气溶胶粒子数浓度和质量浓度的相关性,分析气象条件对大气气溶胶的影响和作用机制。结果表明：气象因素对0.2—0.6 μm的气溶胶影响最大。温度升高既有利于增强大气扩散作用也有利于二次气溶胶生成,因此温度与超细气溶胶(小于0.1μm)呈正相关性,而与粒径较大的气溶胶呈负相关。风速主要影响气溶胶的水平扩散,对超细气溶胶无显著影响,而与粗粒径气溶胶呈负相关。相对湿度会促进超细气溶胶的聚积,使之生成较大粒径气溶胶。因此相对湿度与超细气溶胶呈较强的负相关,而与较粗粒径气溶胶呈正相关。 相似文献
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大气气溶胶研究的前沿问题 总被引：60，自引：3，他引：57
从4个方面对大气气溶胶研究的前沿问题作了总结和分析：气溶胶的基本特征、气溶胶的气候效应、沙尘气溶胶以及气溶胶对健康环境的影响。介绍了当前国际上有关的大气气溶胶研究计划,讨论了未来大气气溶胶研究的主要领域及研究方向。 相似文献
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《干旱气象》2021,(4)
利用2011年和2013年青海格尔木地区机载DMT仪器观测的气溶胶资料,对气溶胶粒子数浓度及气溶胶数谱分布特征进行分析。结果表明,格尔木低层主要为局地气溶胶,高层为输入型气溶胶;气溶胶数浓度随高度升高呈减小趋势,且各高度层气溶胶数浓度均小于500 cm~(-3);气溶胶粒子有效粒径随高度升高先增大后减小,3500～5000 m气溶胶有效粒径最大;气溶胶数谱呈多峰分布。对格尔木第1模态(0.1～0.2μm)、第2模态(0.2～1μm)和第3模态(1～3μm)的气溶胶数谱进行对数正态拟合,发现气溶胶数谱谱宽第2模态第1模态第3模态,其与北京、天津拟合的谱宽分布特征存在差异;对比格尔木与北京和天津地区相同模态的气溶胶数谱发现,气溶胶第1模态数谱谱宽天津最宽、北京最窄,第2模态格尔木最宽、北京最窄,气溶胶粒子平均粒径在第1模态和第2模态北京均最大,格尔木均最小。 相似文献
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从归一化植被指数提取气溶胶光学信息 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用卫星遥感和改进归一化植被指数(NDVI)算法,在最大值合成的MVC-NDVI与监测日NDVI差值中提取气溶胶浑浊度信息,形成新的气溶胶光学指数产品,通过监测珠三角地区细粒子气溶胶扩散过程的验证,表明方法是成功的。基于理论和实例分析,提出气溶胶研究应当从本地区地理环境和气溶胶特征的实际出发,重视细粒子气溶胶作为稳定的胶体系统对空气质量、天气系统和气候变化的影响,重视卫星遥感在气溶胶监测中的不可替代的作用。 相似文献
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在2005-05-03——05-27期间,用Anderson九级采样器在南京市两个采样点采集大气气溶胶样品,同时进行了部分排放源的采集。用X射线—荧光光谱仪(XRF)分析得到气样及源样中PM10的化学成分,分析了南京市大气气溶胶的元素质量谱分布,进行了PM10的富集因子分析,并应用化学质量平衡法(CMB)计算各类源对气溶胶PM10的贡献。结果表明,各类污染源对南京市气溶胶PM10的贡献率分别为:建筑尘(35.45%)、煤烟尘(22.13%)、土壤尘(20.27%)、硫酸盐(5.43%)、汽车尘(4.61%)、海盐(1.91%)、冶炼尘(1.69%)、其它源(8.51%)。文中还结合了南京市TSP和PM2.5的来源解析结果,分析了南京市不同粒径气溶胶颗粒物的污染特征。 相似文献
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利用中子活化及PIXE和可见光灰度仪, 对青海瓦里关大气本底基准监测站的大气气溶胶样品进行了测量。通过元素相对浓度、富集因子和主因子分析等数据统计分析, 并结合同期的气团后退轨迹分布资料, 讨论了瓦里关大气气溶胶元素的组成及来源。结果表明, 位于青藏高原偏远地区的瓦里关大气气溶胶以土壤及地壳等自然来源为主, 因子分析的方差百分数给出瓦里关气溶胶中自然源的贡献率平均在70%以上。燃煤、交通及冶炼等人为源也占有一定比例。大气黑碳气溶胶的观测也表明人类活动影响的存在。人为源的影响多与来自东部及河西走廊等经济发达地区的气流有关。 相似文献
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ZHANG Ren-Jian 《大气和海洋科学快报》2010,3(1):31-35
Atmospheric aerosol samples collected in Beijing during 17-21 September 2004 were analyzed using the proton-induced X-ray emissions (PIXE) method, yielding concentrations of 20 elements. Analyzing the aerosol element size-spectrum distribution, enrichment factor (EF) and source over Beijing showed that under strong wind weather conditions, there were double peak distributions in the element size-spectra of Cu, S, K, Mn, As, Br, and Pb: one in fine mode and another in coarse mode. The peak in fine mode resulted from local emissions related to human activities, while the peak in coarse mode was caused by long range transport. The EF values of elements Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, and Pb were relatively high, suggesting an evident characteristic polluted by regional aerosol. Results from factor analysis indicated that soil dust, coal-burning, industry and vehicle emissions contributed considerably to the autumn aerosol pollution in Beijing. 相似文献
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Trace elements in aerosol particles from Bermuda and Barbados: Concentrations,sources and relationships to aerosol sulfate 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
R. Arimoto R. A. Duce D. L. Savoie J. M. Prospero 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1992,14(1-4):439-457
The concentrations of selected trace elements and non-sea salt sulfate were determined for aerosol particle samples collected over the open North Atlantic Ocean as part of the Atmosphere/Ocean Chemistry Experiment (AEROCE). The concentrations of atmospheric sea salt and mineral aerosol, which together dominate the mass of particulate material in the atmosphere, were higher at Barbados than at Bermuda. In contrast, the impact of pollution sources on trace element concentrations was more evident at Bermuda than at Barbados. At both sites Sb and Se were enriched significantly over the concentrations expected from mineral dust or from atmospheric sea salt. Moreover, the concentrations of Sb and Se were correlated, and the observed Sb/Se ratios often were similar to those resulting from anthropogenic emissions. At Bermuda, the concentrations of Sb and Se co-varied with non-sea salt sulfate, suggesting that a significant fraction of the non-sea salt sulfate is anthropogenic. In a broader context, the synthesis of results demonstrates that trace element data are useful for evaluating the relative contributions of anthropogenic vs. natural sources to the budgets of non-sea salt sulfate in acrosol particles. 相似文献
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通过采集武汉市土壤风沙尘、建筑水泥尘、城市扬尘、餐饮源、生物质燃烧源、工业煤烟尘和电厂煤烟尘等7类源样品,并分析其碳组分、水溶性离子组分和无机元素组分,建立PM10和PM2.5源成分谱.研究表明,地壳元素Si、Ca、Al以及Fe等是土壤风沙尘的主要特征组分,其中Si是含量最高的成分,也是土壤风沙尘的标识组分.无组织建筑水泥尘中Si和Ca元素含量较高,将Ca元素作为无组织建筑水泥尘区别其他源类的重要元素,而有组织建筑水泥尘中OC、SO42-含量比无组织建筑水泥尘高.城市扬尘中Ca的含量相对较高,表明城市扬尘受到建筑水泥尘影响较多.生物质燃烧源成分谱中OC的含量远高于成分谱中其他组分,另外Cl-和K的平均含量也较高,K一般为生物质源的特征元素. 相似文献
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A comparison analysis of chemical composition of aerosols in the dust and non-dust periods in Beijing 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Dust events occurred frequently in Beijing in recent years. In this work, 120 aerosol samples werecollected in two typical dust events (21-22 March and 15 May) and a non-dust period in Beijing fromMarch to May 2001. Samples were analyzed for major elemental components by the Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) method. Results show that the enrichment factors of crustal elements such as Mg,A1, and Ti had little differences between the dust period and the non-dust period in Beijing, while theenrichment factors of other elements that have a relation to anthropogenic emissions were very low duringthe dust period. The results derived by using multivariate factor analysis from the observation data showthat the sources such as soil dust, industry, and fuel combustion were among the major contributors tothe particles in Beijing. 相似文献
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During the ACE-Asia field campaign, 41 aerosol filter samples were obtained by airborne sampling over the ocean to the north, south and west of Japan, generally under conditions of outflow from the Asian continent. These samples were analyzed for their water-soluble chemical components, particularly organic species. Suites of inorganic anions, carbohydrates, organic acids and metallic elements were identified and quantified (21 distinct species). Simultaneously, measurements were made of the aerosol hygroscopicity and light scattering. A factor analysis performed on the compositional data identified several sources for the aerosols sampled during the field campaign. Regression of the light-scattering data onto tracers for each of these factors suggests that the aerosol light scattering could be largely attributed to three of these factors: anthropogenic emissions, biomass burning, and soil dust. Similarly, the aerosol hygroscopicity was largely consistent with an empirical mixing model based on past measurements of the hygroscopicity of these individual aerosol types. Limited size-resolved , aerosol composition measurements were also obtained and suggested different sources for various chemical species. 相似文献
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Aerosol sampling was carried out at a city centre site and a suburb site in Beijing in January 1983. PIXE (Proton Induced X-ray Emission) compatible cascade impactors were employed. The samples were analysed for 20 elements by PIXE in Fudan University. It has been found that most of the elements have bi-mode size distributions with a gradual progression from mainly coarse mode Ca, Ti and Al to mainly fine mode Zn, As and Pb. Elements Cl, K, S and Si show most obvious bi-mode, of which Si and S are particularly interesting. The concentrations of coarse mode aerosol in the city centre are about 1.4 times as large as that in the suburb for most of the elements, while the concentrations of fine mode aerosol in the city centre differ greatly from that in the suburb and vary significantly among elements, indicating some industrial sources. The enrichment factors of elements indicate that the coal smoke has a large-scale influ-ence in North China. 相似文献
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T. Novakov Timothy S. Bates Patricia K. Quinn 《Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology》2000,52(2):228-238
Mass concentrations of total, organic and black carbon were derived by analyzing the supermicron and submicron aerosol fractions of shipboard collected samples in the easternAtlantic Ocean as part of the second Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE‐2). These analyses were complemented by experiments intended to estimate the water‐soluble fraction of the submicron carbonaceous material. Our results can be summarized as follows. Depending on the sample, between 35% and 80% of total aerosol carbon is associated with the submicron fraction. Total submicron carbon was well correlated with black carbon, a unique tracer for incomplete combustion. These correlations and the approximately constant total to black carbon ratios, suggest that the majority of submicron total carbon is of primary combustion derived origin. No systematic relationship between total submicron aerosol carbon and sulfate concentrations was found. Sulfate concentrations were, with a few exceptions, significantly higher than total carbon. Our experiments have demonstrated that water exposure removed between 36% and 72% of total carbon from the front filter, suggesting that a substantial fraction of the total submicron aerosol organic carbon is water‐soluble. An unexpected result of this study is that water exposure of filter samples caused substantial removal of, nominally insoluble, submicron black carbon. Possible reasons for this observation are discussed. 相似文献