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工程岩体三维构模中钻孔数据处理方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
原始数据处理是工程岩体三维构模中存在的主要困难之一。从三维构模的角度,将工程岩体按几何特征抽象为4种结构单元类型。钻孔数据是描述工程岩体的重要原始数据,具有多尺度性。针对这个特点,提出钻孔数据纵向概化准则,解决工程岩体多尺度显示问题;根据地质学的地质数据解译方法,结合岩层层状分布的特点,提出层处理方法对钻孔数据进行概化处理,确定工程岩体所对应的结构单元类型,创建工程岩体结构单元三维构模数据,建立由钻孔数据所得到的工程岩体三维模型。 相似文献
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对湖北省西部某高速公路宜昌—恩施段主要岩体结构面(层面)的抗剪强度参数进行了较系统的试验研究,包括岩体结构面的野外地质调查、岩体结构面原位直剪试验、结构面室内模拟试验及岩体力学参数估值等。通过对各种试验数据进行整理、分析和对比,得到了岩体结构面强度参数。最后在岩体工程分类的基础上,利用Hoek-Brown经验方法对各类岩体结构面强度参数进行了估算。综合以上多种数据,并考虑岩体结构面所处具体地质条件,提出了各类岩体结构面强度参数建议值。 相似文献
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《物探化探计算技术》2017,(1)
花岗岩型铀矿床一般产在岩体内部或岩体周边,因此岩体发育情况的探测对铀矿勘查工作的进一步开展具有重要意义。为了解Occam反演方法处理花岗岩型铀矿勘查CSAMT数据时的应用效果,这里设计了隐伏岩体的理论模型,正演理论数据采用Occam反演方法进行反演。实验表明,Occam反演对隐伏岩体的CSAMT理论数据具有稳定收敛性,反演结果和理论模型能够很好的吻合。结合卫境地区的勘查实例验证了Occam反演方法的有效性,为以后CSAMT方法间接寻找花岗岩型铀矿提供了参考。 相似文献
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三峡水库周期性蓄水改变了岸坡内的地下水渗流场和应力场,降低岩土体的剪切强度,对库岸边坡、岩体稳定性影响很大。以往库区岸坡岩体形变监测主要通过设置固定点进行观测,难以发现岩体整体变化情况。地面三维激光扫描方法能获取岩体整体表面厘米精度的点云数据,具有无需接触目标、获取速度快、精度高等特点,非常适合库区高陡危岩体表面三维形变监测。以巫山箭穿洞危岩体为例,采用地面三维激光扫描方法对箭穿洞危岩体进行了为期2年（2017—2018年）共3期监测,以第一期观测目标周围稳定岩体数据为基准,对数据进行重叠点云迭代配准,点云配准精度优于±2.7 cm。针对箭穿洞危岩体在观测时段内的变化情况,构建危岩体区域的基准不规则三角网模型,以点到基准面最近距离法结合危岩体变化区间分析其变形。通过对比分析箭穿洞危岩体3期观测数据,发现相对于2017年,2018年箭穿洞危岩体左侧岩体有变形趋势;在库区蓄水阶段,危岩体局部多处存在明显凹陷变化,局部因蓄水影响发生约?0.03～?0.07 m变形。结果证明三维激光扫描技术在库岸高陡边坡形变监测中的有效性,为三峡库区高陡危岩体形变监测及地质灾害防治工作提供了参考。 相似文献
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对湖北省西部某高速公路宜昌-恩施段主要岩体结构面（层面）的抗剪强度参数进行了较系统的试验研究，包括岩体结构面的野外地质调查、岩体结构面原位直剪试验、结构面室内模拟试验及岩体力学参数估值等。通过对各种试验数据进行整理、分析和对比，得到了岩体结构面强度参数。最后在岩体工程分类的基础上，利用Hoek Brow n经验方法对各类岩体结构面强度参数进行了估算。综合以上多种数据，并考虑岩体结构面所处具体地质条件，提出了各类岩体结构面强度参数建议值。 相似文献
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岩体强度估算方法研究及应用 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
岩体强度问题在实际工程中是工程师关心的问题,由于受时间和经费的限制,难以进行大量现场原位试验,而其复杂性目前尚无破坏准则能较好满足实际要求。对于含有多组节理的岩体,结合收集的大量数据对国外基于节理化岩体强度估算经验公式进行了修正,从实测数据中拟合出弹性波波速与岩体强度的关系表达式,同时收集了国内外基于节理密度、岩体分类、弹性波的岩体强度估算公式,对这3种方法进行了对比研究,并应用于旧堡隧道,发现3种方法估算的强度值接近实际岩体强度,说明了在一定情况下岩体强度是可以粗略估计出来的。 相似文献
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高放废物地质处置阿拉善预选区巴彦诺日公地段位于阿拉善地块东部,主要由二叠纪侵入的花岗岩构成,地壳次稳定。通过踏勘,确定了2个钻孔,布置了若干条物探剖面。以这2个钻孔为中心,在17km×17km范围内进行了工程地质测绘,获得了地表结构面分布特征。地表岩体质量以III级岩体为主,地表以下3m~4m处多为I级和II级岩体。根据钻孔岩芯编录和力学试验数据,对岩芯质量进行评价,岩芯整体质量较好,以Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级岩体为主。对比岩体质量和测井数据,发现岩体质量与岩体的物理参数具有明显的相关性。通过和CSAMT剖面上对应位置的对比,建立了岩体质量与电阻率的关系。结合地表岩体质量、钻孔岩芯质量和物探剖面,对目标深度岩体进行了预测：目标深度（600m深左右）岩体质量以Ⅰ级岩体为主,局部有Ⅱ级岩体和Ⅲ岩体。 相似文献
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单纯形法及其在广蓄电站转岩变形反分析中的应用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Surrounding rocks of GPSH ( Guangzhou Pumped Storage Hydroplant) are treated as isotropic medium or orthotropic jointed rocks. Directed back analyses of measured displacements from observation section in access gallery and exhaust gallery of main transformer house are made by simplex acceleration method. A number of mechanical parameters of rock mass and in-situ ground stresses are obtained and compared with measured data. 相似文献
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Tetsuya Tokiwa Kimikazu Tsusaka Makoto Matsubara Taiki Ishikawa Daisuke Ogawa 《地学前缘(英文版)》2013,4(1):105-111
This paper focuses on the formation mechanism of fractures induced by excavation of a gallery in soft sedimentary rocks in the Horonobe area of Japan.Detailed fracture mapping of the gallery indicates that the fractures consist of both pre-existing shear fractures and excavation damaged zone(EDZ) fractures. EDZ fractures correspond to weak planes associated with bedding planes or transgranular cracks.The EDZ fractures terminate against pre-existing shear fractures.Therefore,even for excavations in soft sedimentary rocks,formation of the EDZ fractures are controlled by pre-existing fractures and earlier weak planes. 相似文献
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An assessment of the creep behaviour of Brazilian salt rocks using the multi-mechanism deformation model 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Salt rocks are geomaterials that exhibit several peculiarities, which require a particular approach in rock mechanics. In the field, those rocks are usually found in layered/bedded deposits and in domes or similar structures. Creep is one of the main deformation mechanisms associated with salt rocks, and this phenomenon is highly dependent on the stress state, temperature and mineralogy. Salt rock mechanics for engineering applications requires the definition of a powerful constitutive model and this is an ongoing challenge. Among the many available models, one of the most sophisticated physical constitutive models for salt rocks is the multi-mechanism deformation creep model (MD model). The main contribution of this work is to present a first effort in the use of the MD model for Brazilian salt rocks. Material-sensitive parameters have been calibrated for the Brazilian halite through two methodologies. Salt is modelled as an elasto-viscoplastic material. Numerical simulations using the finite element method have been carried out for triaxial creep tests, Pre-salt wellbore closure and mining gallery convergence in order to validate the parameter set and the methodologies. Excellent results have been observed in most of the applications for validation. Even so, validation efforts should continue to consolidate the parameters and identify possible limitations. 相似文献
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Samples of Opalinus Clays from Mont Terri Underground Research Laboratory in the Swiss Jura were analyzed repetitively relative to the duration of their exposure to atmosphere. The objective was the evaluation of such a progressive exposure on the chemical composition of whole-rock samples, and on the chemical and Sr isotopic compositions of leachates obtained by leaching the rock powders with dilute acetic acid. This chemical study was complemented by scanning electron microscope observations to identify the related mineral alterations. The chemical data for the rock powders remained quite constant whatever the duration of the storage, whereas significant changes were observed for the leachates. Similar changes were observed in the leachates of samples collected progressively closer to the walls of a previously excavated niche. When storage time or distance to gallery wall increases, the main variations are: (1) a progressive decrease of the element contents and of the 87Sr/86Sr ratio in the leachates, (2) an alteration of pyrite followed by precipitation of Ca-sulfate in the rocks, both observed by SEM, and (3) a probable precipitation of new mineral phases in the rocks, such as Fe-oxyhydroxides and/or jarosite that could not be visualized by electron microscopic observation because of their very limited amount and very small grain size. The modifications call for an oxidation of pyrite that probably induced also an oxidation of the organic matter. It could also be shown that the reactions were enhanced by temperature increase, and that they were less pronounced in the samples behind the gallery wall than in the cores stored in laboratory conditions. 相似文献
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The Mont Terri rock laboratory, a new international research project in a Mesozoic shale formation, in Switzerland 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
In many countries, argillaceous formations are being considered as potential host rocks for repositories of radioactive waste. Therefore, in 1995 several organisations decided to start an international research project in the reconnaissance gallery of the Mont Terri motorway tunnel, in north-western Switzerland, in a Mesozoic shale formation, the Opalinus Clay (Aalenian).
This project is under the patronage of the Swiss National Hydrological and Geological Survey. The following organisations are also partners in the project: ANDRA and IPSN (France), BGR (Germany), ENRESA (Spain), Nagra (Switzerland), JNC and Obayashi (Japan), SCKCEN (Belgium).
The aims of the project are to analyse the hydrogeological, geochemical and rock mechanical properties of an argillaceous formation, the changes of these properties induced by the excavation of galleries and to evaluate and improve appropriate investigation techniques. In January, 1996, eight niches were excavated for the project and 15 experiments were started in boreholes of no more than 30 m in length. In the winter of 1997–1998 a new research gallery was excavated to host further experiments. Different excavation, drilling and investigation techniques have been tested and improved. Significant results of the different experiments are already available. Some of those dealing with hydrochemistry, porewater pressure measurements and the evolution of the excavation disturbed zone (EDZ) are reported in this paper. 相似文献
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贵州平寨水库左岸底层灌浆廊道大型充填溶洞及其形成机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
平寨水库坝址区以碳酸盐岩为主,岩溶较发育,水库左岸底层灌浆廊道大型充填溶洞,是水库地下工程施工开挖中揭露的规模最大、对水库渗漏影响最大、设计及施工处理难度最大的溶洞。本文以工程前期地质勘察工作为基础,在区域地貌、地质构造格局、地层岩性、地表及地下水系发育特征研究的基础上,结合工程防渗施工揭露的岩溶水文地质现象、洞穴充填物研究等,从可溶性岩层、地下水来源及运移途径、暗河冲刷与洞顶坍塌作用4个方面,对溶洞发育形成机制进行了研究。分析认为,鸡场背斜北西翼纵向张裂隙和横张裂隙及层间滑脱、断裂破碎带,为五里大洞鸡场洼地上坝洼地地下水向三岔河的径流提供了运移的原始空间与通道,形成溶洞的地下水为五里大洞鸡场洼地上坝洼地地下暗河,长期溶蚀作用使裂隙通道变为溶蚀宽缝并最终转化为岩溶管道,岩溶水沿此通道在左岸底层灌浆廊道桩号0+238～0+296m附近下中部岩体呈虹吸状循环,地下水的强烈冲刷与洞顶坍塌在溶洞形成过程中的作用巨大,后因深部径流条件改变,岩溶管道被逐渐堵塞,形成如今的大型充填溶洞。 相似文献
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The velocity of elastic waves has been measured along the principal fabric directions in 110 Alpine rocks, and these data are analyzed in conjunction with previously measured data on density, porosity, specific heat, and thermal diffusivity for the same rocks. Particular attention is given to the anisotropy in the thermal and elastic properties which are up to three times larger in the direction of lineation than in the direction perpendicular to the foliation. The correlations among the various scalar properties and the average thermal and elastic properties are in general weak and are overshadowed by variations due to mineralogy. However, relative thermal and elastic properties show a significant positive correlation, and for gneisses, schists, ultramafic rocks and carbonate rocks it is meaningful to predict thermal anisotropy on the basis of elastic anisotropy. 相似文献