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从环流背景、卫星云图、雷达回波、诊断物理量、稳定度参数、群指数等方面,揭示了2003年6月5日河南北中部地区出现的强对流天气成因.分析结果表明,群指数对预报强对流天气有很好的指示意义. 相似文献
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数值预报特别是集合预报技术大大提高了对极端天气的预报能力,目前对于温度、风、降水等要素,欧洲中心基于集合预报产品计算的极端指数产品为其极端性提供了定量化依据。但目前尚没有应用于业务预报的强对流天气极端指数产品,本文统计了与强对流天气密切相关的物理量,并计算了其极端天气指数,统计了极端天气指数在不同强对流天气中的阈值分布。结果表明,极端天气指数与强对流天气有密切的关系,且不同类型的强对流天气极端指数的分布和阈值具有各自的特点。基于上述结果,利用极端指数和模式降水资料,使用支持向量机方法,建立了不同类型强对流天气的客观预报方法,为业务预报极端强对流天气提供客观支持产品。 相似文献
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对2005-2007年4-9月安徽省冰雹、雷雨大风等强对流天气日数进行统计,分析了基于探空资料计算的不稳定指标与强对流天气发生的关系。结果表明：K指数、A指数、沙氏指数和对流有效位能、归一化对流有效位能和对流抑制能量这几个指标对于强对流天气指示意义较好。基于此结果,挑选K指数、沙氏指数和对流有效位能针对不同季节划分闽值,建立强对流天气潜势预警指标,并利用中尺度模式MM5的数值预报产品计算该指标,对2005—2010年13个强对流天气过程预报结果进行对比检验表明。MM5模式给出的强对流天气潜势预警产品对大多数过程均能起到预警作用。对其中两次强对流天气过程分析表明,模式具备预报强对流发生潜势的能力,预报结果对强对流天气发生的时间、落区有预警意义。 相似文献
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对2005－2007年4-9月安徽省冰雹、雷雨大风等强对流天气日数进行统计,分析了基于探空资料计算的不稳定指标与强对流天气发生的关系。结果表明：K指数、A指数、沙氏指数和对流有效位能、归一化对流有效位能和对流抑制能量这几个指标对于强对流天气指示意义较好。基于此结果,挑选K指数、沙氏指数和对流有效位能针对不同季节划分阈值,建立强对流天气潜势预警指标,并利用中尺度模式MM5的数值预报产品计算该指标,对2005-2010年13个强对流天气过程预报结果进行对比检验表明,MM5模式给出的强对流天气潜势预警产品对大多数过程均能起到预警作用。对其中两次强对流天气过程的进一步分析表明,模式具备预报强对流发生潜势的能力,预报结果对强对流天气发生的时间、落区有预警意义。 相似文献
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利用实况资料，分析了2003年6月5日登封市局地出现的大风、冰雹等强对流天气高低空形势、地面要素特征、稳定度参数，揭示了此次强对流天气的成因。 相似文献
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2003年5月18日开封市强对流天气环流形势分析结果表明：500hPa横模是产生这次强对流天气的大尺度环流背景，强化流天气发生在500hPa横槽转竖的过程中。 相似文献
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选取四川省强对流大风灾害天气个例,利用2009~2019年自动气象站2min平均风速数据,基于最大熵原理,推导出表征强对流大风灾害天气过程时间、空间、强度的概率分布函数。根据其分布函数,确定可以完整表征强对流大风灾害天气过程时间、空间、强度的气象参量。利用灰色关联度法,以强对流大风灾害的直接经济损失为参考,计算气象参量关联度,确定参量权重,构建出表征强对流大风灾害天气过程的致灾能力指数。结果表明:该指数可以正确反映强对流大风灾害过程的致灾能力强度,指数越大,致灾能力越强,反之越弱。 相似文献
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2003年5月18日开封市强对流天气环流形势分析结果表明500 hPa横槽是产生这次强对流天气的大尺度环流背景,强对流天气发生在500 hPa横槽转竖的过程中. 相似文献
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Some recent studies presented two existing types of ENSO events, one is the Eastern-Pacific(EP) type and the other the Central-Pacific(CP) type. This study examined the monitoring ability of several current operational ENSO indices. The results indicated that a single index could not distinguish the EP and CP in the historical ENSO events during 1950-2009. The Nio 3 index may only be suitable for monitoring the EP-type ENSO, while the Nio 4 index works only for the CP-type ENSO. In order to capture the occurrence of ENSO events and distinguish the type, we considered a new monitoring index group using Nio 3 and Nio 4 indices. Further analysis confirmed that this index group can monitor different types of historical ENSO events with different spatial distribution of sea surface temperature. It has a good performance in determining the characteristics of the ENSO events, including peak intensity, onset,decay, and mature phase. 相似文献
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南半球环流与西太平洋副热带高压和台风群中期活动的关系 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：10
通过对南北半球环流6年资料的分析,发现在北半球夏季5～8月,南半球中纬西风指数、低纬西风指数、赤道气压指标与北半球西太平洋副热带高压和台风群的中期活动均有较好的关系。在台风群活跃的年份,台风群生成阶段前后,环流变化由南半球中纬先开始,随后南半球低纬和赤道地区环流也出现变化,赤道气压指标到达低值,此后,北半球西太平洋副热带高压的特征产生一系列的变化,上述南北半球环流系统变化的传播过程为准二周周期。 相似文献
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基于贝叶斯模式平均方法(Bayesian Model Averaging),发展了一个NINO3.4指数的多模式客观权重集合预报方法(简称OBJ)。该方法基于训练期内单个模式的预报结果,用线性回归订正单个预报的偏差,依据模式的预报效果估计单个模式的权重。利用2002年2月—2015年10月美国哥伦比亚大学国际气候与社会研究所(IRI)提供的7个单一模式对NINO3.4指数的预报结果进行OBJ试验,并采用均方根误差对多模式集合平均预报(简称ENS)和OBJ的预报结果进行检验和评估。结果表明,ENS的预报效果优于7个单一模式的预报效果,而OBJ预报效果优于ENS预报效果,其NINO3.4指数的均方根误差比ENS方法降低了4%。将单一模式预报结果按时间划分为训练期和预报期,利用独立样本估计OBJ的参数并进行预报试验,这些试验也表明,OBJ能进一步提高预报精度。 相似文献
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论证了东亚冬季风环流指数IG与冬季蒙古高压强度和南北位置存在显著的同时相关,故IG本质上也是蒙古高压指数。在此基础上,构造了与IG结构相同的环流指数,从中筛选出一批优化的东亚冬季风指数IM。IM保持了IG结构简单、环流意义清晰的优点,且其格点选择更为合理,与中国同期气温负相关联系更强。因为定义IM的格点与蒙古高压关系密切,故IM也可称为蒙古高压指数。 相似文献
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Using the output of 12 models from the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project Phase 3, we investigate the feedback process responsible for changes in El Niño-Southern Oscillation activity during the mid-Holocene based on a linear stability index (Bjerknes stability index; BJ index) analysis. The multi-model ensemble mean (MME) variance of the Niño-3.4 index (sea surface temperature anomalies averaged over 5°S–5°N, 170°–120°W) simulated for 6000 years ago (6 kya) was 13% lower than that for the pre-industrial era (0 kya), while changes in the MME BJ index were negligible. This is due to a balance between enhanced damping by anomalous thermal advection by mean currents (MA) and enhanced positive thermocline feedback (TH). Seven of the models show that MME variance of the Niño-3.4 and BJ indexes for the 6 kya run is 21 and 70% lower, respectively, than the 0 kya run. However, two models show the opposite change. Interestingly, MA in both model groups increases, especially due to the mean meridional current associated with enhanced trade winds, indicating a robust mechanism. The opposite tendency between the two groups is mainly due to large TH in the second group 6 kya, as a result of enhanced air-sea coupling and strongly reduced ocean stratification due to subsurface warming, which led to increased sensitivity of the zonal thermocline contrast to surface zonal wind stress. 相似文献
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The occurrence of first hurricane in early summer signifies the onset of an active Atlantic hurricane season. The interannual variation of this hurricane onset date is examined for the period 1979-2013. It is found that the onset date has a marked interannual variation. The standard deviation of the interannual variation of the onset day is 17.5 days, with the climatological mean onset happening on July 23.A diagnosis of tropical cyclone (TC) genesis potential index (GPI) indicates that the major difference between an early and a late onset group lies in the maximum potential intensity (MPI). A further diagnosis of the MPI shows that it is primarily controlled by the local SST anomaly (SSTA). Besides the SSTA, vertical shear and mid-tropospheric relative humidity anomalies also contribute significantly to the GPI difference between the early and late onset groups.It is found that the anomalous warm (cold) SST over the tropical Atlantic, while uncorrelated with the Niño3 index, persists from the preceding winter to concurrent summer in the early (late) onset group. The net surface heat flux anomaly always tends to damp the SSTA, which suggests that ocean dynamics may play a role in maintaining the SSTA in the tropical Atlantic. The SSTA pattern with a maximum center in northeastern tropical Atlantic appears responsible for generating the observed wind and moisture anomalies over the main TC development region. A further study is needed to understand the initiation mechanism of the SSTA in the Atlantic. 相似文献
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利用额济纳旗1960—2017年9月21日—10月31日气象资料,分析了最佳观赏期内人体舒适度指数、温湿指数、风寒指数、着衣指数、旅游气候舒适度。结果表明,近58 a来,研究区平均气温和最低气温呈上升趋势,相对湿度和风速呈减小趋势;胡杨林景区最佳观赏期人体舒适度指数、温湿指数、旅游气候舒适度指数呈上升趋势,风寒指数、着衣指数呈下降趋势;旅游气候舒适度、人体舒适度指数、温湿指数均与平均气温、最低气温呈极显著正相关关系,与风速呈极显著负相关关系,风寒指数、着衣指数分别与平均气温、最低气温呈极显著负相关关系,与风速呈极显著正相关关系(P0.01),气温升高是人体舒适度和旅游气候舒适度变化的主导因子。 相似文献
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Dana Micu 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2009,105(1-2):1-16
Snow pack characteristics and duration are considered to be key indicators of climate change in mountain regions, especially during the winter season (herein considered to last from the 1st of November to the 30th of April). Deviations recorded in the regime of the main explanatory variables of snow pack changes (i.e. temperature and precipitation) offer useful information on winter climate variability, in the conditions of the winter warming trend already seen in some areas of the Romanian Carpathians. The present work focuses on changes and trends in snow pack characteristics and its related parameters, registered at the 15 weather stations located in the alpine, sub-alpine and forest belts in all the three Romanian Carpathian branches (>1,000 m) over the 1961–2003 period. Changes in the snow pack regime were investigated in relation with the modifications of winter temperature and precipitation having been detected mostly at the end of the twentieth century. A winter standardized index was calculated to group winters over the 43-year period into severity classes and detect the respective changes. Links between the number of snow cover days and seasonal NAO index were also statistically analysed in this study. The general results show large regional and altitudinal variations and the complex character of the climate in the Romanian Carpathians, leading to the idea of an ongoing warming process associated with a lower incidence of snow cover, affecting to a large extent the forested mountain areas located below 1,600–1,700 m altitude. Also negative and weak correlations were found, particularly over the December–March interval, between the number of snow cover days and seasonal NAO index values. 相似文献
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使用空气污染指数资料和气象资料,对南宁市2002年10月6～15日的较高空气污染指数过程的气象条件进行了分析研究,找出了南宁市高空气污染指数与气象条件的一些规律,为南宁市的空气污染指数预报提供参考。 相似文献