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1.
Carbon dioxide-rich fluid and carbonate-rich aluminosilicate melt inclusions in tantalite-(Mn) from the Alto do Giz pegmatite in the Borborema Pegmatite Province, northeastern Brazil were investigated to constrain the formation of the host crystals. The results demonstrate that in the Alto do Giz pegmatite, water- and alkaline carbonate-rich fluids and melts are responsible for the transport and deposition of tantalite-(Mn) at temperatures around 600°C and about 4 kbar. Moreover, evidence is presented to show that during crystallization of the tantalite-(Mn), three different components coexisted, which are now trapped as separate inclusions: two immiscible silicate melts (types A and B melt inclusions) and a CO2-rich aqueous fluid. We hypothesize that immiscible fluid separation may have been a critical factor in producing the water- and alkaline carbonate-rich fluids and melts necessary for Ta and Nb transport. Since the tantalite-(Mn) crystallized during pegmatite formation, this mechanism must also have implications for pegmatite genesis in general.  相似文献   

2.
近期我们对我国不同成因伟晶岩进行了地质地球化学研究［１～３］,证明湖南幕阜山伟晶岩属岩浆分异成因,云南哀牢山伟晶岩属变质深熔成因。本文就两地伟晶岩中绿柱石及海蓝宝石矿物学、形成物理化学条件作对比研究,以探讨不同成因伟晶岩特性。１　地质背景幕阜山位于江南古陆中段,区内出露中元古界冷家溪群变质岩,岩浆活动强烈,广泛出露燕山期花岗岩岩类。冷家溪群地层强烈褶皱,普遍发生浅—中深变质作用,形成板岩、云母片岩,是幕阜山花岗岩体的主要围岩［４］。含铍花岗伟晶岩在二长花岗岩中广泛分布,部分在冷家溪群变质岩中产出…  相似文献   

3.
We evaluated the crystallization regime of a zoned pegmatite dike and the degree of magma undercooling at the onset of crystallization by analyzing coeval fluid and melt inclusion assemblages. The liquidus temperature of the pegmatite magma was ~720°C, based on re-melting of crystallized-melt inclusions in heating experiments. The magma crystallized sequentially starting with a thin border zone, which formed in less than one day at an average temperature of ~480°C based on primary fluid inclusions, meaning 240°C undercooling. The primary inclusions from the outer zones were postdated by secondary inclusions trapped between 580 and 720°C, representing fluid exsolved from hotter, still crystallizing inner pegmatite units. The huge temperature contrast between the pegmatite’s inner and outer zones was simulated by conductive-heat numerical modeling. A 2.5 m wide dike emplaced in 220°C rocks cools entirely to <400°C in less than 50 days. Unidirectional and skeletal textures also indicate rapid, disequilibrium crystallization.  相似文献   

4.
Pegmatite deposits commonly occur in the 1500 km long, N-S-trending, tungstentin-bearing granitoid belt in Myanmar. Pegmatites are emplaced as veins and dikes that cut granitoid, migmatite, granitoid gneiss, gneiss, and schist. The pegmatite veins and dikes are mostly 2 to 5 meters wide and 30 to 150 meters long, and some are traceable over a distance of 300 meters.

The pegmatites are composed of quartz, orthoclase, albite, microcline microperthite, and muscovite, with minor biotite, tourmaline, beryl, garnet, topaz, lepidolite, magnetite, wolframite, cassiterite, and rare columbite. They are commonly zoned, feldspars and muscovite being more abundant in the center and quartz more common at the margin. The zoning pattern is rather distinct in the pegmatite body, where tourmaline is present. The light-colored felsic minerals are confined to the core zone and the dark-colored tourmaline crystals to the outer zone.

Numerous fluid inclusions have been found in quartz, topaz, and beryl. Most of the inclusions are rounded to elliptical, with a variable degree of liquid filling. All inclusions are aqueous, two-phase (liquid and vapor) inclusions with no daughter minerals. Homogenization temperatures of 173 fluid inclusions were measured in this study.

Geothermometric studies indicate that the pegmatites were formed over a homogeniza-tion temperature range of 230° to 410°C. Salinities of fluid inclusions in pegmatite minerals yielded from 1.0 to 10.8 NaCl equiv. wt‰. Topaz and quartz single crystals (several cm across) from the Sakangyi pegmatite provide an opportunity to extract the fluids trapped in these minerals. The Na/K ratios of the fluid inclusions in two topaz samples were 3.0 to 4.9, and those of two quartz samples were 2.9 to 10.5, suggesting the presence of substantial potassium in the pegmatite-forming fluids. In this study, evidence for phase separation of the pegmatite-forming fluids was not observed. The post-magmatic, hydrothermal fluids responsible for the pegmatite veins evidently emanated from cooling S-type granitoids, with which they are spatially associated.  相似文献   

5.
随着战略性新兴产业的快速发展,稀有金属等关键金属资源的地位日益不可或缺。花岗伟晶岩是最重要的稀有金属矿床成因类型,该类型矿床的成矿流体特征和成因机制是矿床学的热门研究话题。文章主要对花岗伟晶岩型矿床的成矿流体特征和成矿机制进行了探讨。花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床成矿流体普遍富集挥发分（B、P、F和H2O）和成矿元素,具有低黏度、低成核率、强元素溶解能力和强迁移性。花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床成矿流体形成温压条件存在争议,部分研究者认为形成于高温高压条件,也有研究者认为可能形成于过冷却条件下,温度可能低至350℃。花岗质岩浆高度结晶分异演化和富成矿元素地壳物质小比例深熔是形成成矿花岗伟晶岩的两种主要机制。流体不混溶和组成带纯化是岩浆热液演化过程中稀有金属进一步富集的重要手段。中国规模最大的甲基卡花岗伟晶岩型锂矿是研究该类矿床的理想实验室。   相似文献   

6.
Information from a database, which was compiled and continuously updated by the authors of this paper and now includes information from 19500 publication on fluid and melt inclusions in minerals, is used to summarize results on the physicochemical formation parameters of hydrothermal Au, Ag, Pb, and Zn deposits. The database provides information on fluid inclusions in minerals from 970 Pb-Zn, 220 Au-Ag-Pb-Zn, and 825 Au-Ag deposits in various settings worldwide. Histograms for the homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusion are presented for the most typical minerals of the deposits. In sphalerite, most homogenization temperatures (1327 measurements) of fluid inclusions lie within the range of 50–200°C with a maximum at 100–200°C for this mineral from Pb-Zn deposits and within the range of 100–350°C (802 measurements) with a maximum at 200–300°C for this mineral from Au deposits. Data are presented on fluid pressures at Au (1495 measurements) and Pb-Zn (180 measurements) deposits. The pressure during the preore, ore-forming, and postore stages at these deposits ranged from 4–10 to 6000 bar. The reason for the high pressures during preore stages at the deposits is the relations of the fluids to acid magmatic and metamorphic processes. More than 70% of the fluid pressures values measured at Pb-Zn deposits lie within the range of 1–1500 bar. Au-Ag deposits are characterized by higher fluid pressures of 500–2000 bar (61% of the measurements). The overall ranges of the salinity and temperature of the mineral-forming fluid at Au-Ag (6778 measurements) and Pb-Zn (3395 measurements) deposits are 0.1–80 wt % equiv. NaCl and 20–800°C. Most measurements (～64%) for Au-Ag deposits yield fluid salinity <10 wt % equiv. NaCl and temperatures of 200–400°C (63%). Fluids at Pb-Zn deposits are typically more saline (10–25 wt % equiv. NaCl, 51% measurements) and lower temperature (100–300°C, 74% measurements). Several measurements of the fluid density fall within the range of 0.8–1.2 g/cm3. The average composition of volatile components of the fluids was evaluated by various techniques. The average composition of volatile components of fluid inclusions in minerals is calculated for hydrothermal W, Au, Ag, Sn, and Pb-Zn deposits, metamorphic rocks, and all geological objects. The Au, Ag, Pb, and Zn concentrations in magmatic melts and mineral-forming fluids is evaluated based on analyses of individual inclusions.  相似文献   

7.
兰坪盆地多金属矿床碳、氧和氢同位素组成特征表明,成矿流体中的CO2源自海相碳酸盐岩(或蚀变海相碳酸盐岩)的热解作用和沉积有机物的氧化作用或脱羧基作用;成矿流体为古大气降水在一定地质条件下与盆地和基底岩石发生水-岩作用而形成的盆地热卤水,其中金顶铅锌矿床的成矿流体尚有变质水的混入.这表明盆地内多金属矿床的成矿物质应源自地壳(基底和盆地地层),喜马拉雅期盆地周缘碱性岩浆活动对盆地内多金属矿床的成矿作用贡献是间接的,沉积有机物直接参与了成矿作用.  相似文献   

8.
The formation of the Mufushan granopegmatite was closely related to the Late Yenshanian multiphase and multistage magmatic activities,More than one generation of beryl and aquamarine occur in different types of pegmatite in the granites.The presence of melt and melt-fluid inclusions strongly indicates a melt-solution character of the pegmatitic magma.Forming temperatures of the different generations of beryl in a Na^ -K^ ,Ca^2 -CO3^2--Cl^--SO4^2- solution ranges from 990℃to 200℃.Aquamarine was formed at 720-180℃.The contents of alkali metals(Na^ K^ )in th ore-formming solution of aquamarine are lower than those in the beryl,but the contents of alkali earths(Ca) and salinity are higher,The granite was generated by remelting of the basement formation(meta-sedimentary rocks of the Lengjiaxi Group)which also served as the source of ore-forming material.Beryllium in the pegmatite was transported mainly in the form of Na[Be(CO3)2],with part of it being complexed with Cl^- and SO4^2-.During the generation and evolution of the pegmatite,equilibrium might have been reached in the solid-melt-fluid or solid-fluid system.The intergranular solutions may have reacted with the early crystallized minerals,resulting in potash-feldsparization,albitization and muscovitization during which the ore-forming elements were mobilized and transported in favour of ore deposition.  相似文献   

9.
The fractionation of lithium isotopes between synthetic spodumene as representative of Li-bearing clinopyroxene and Cl- and OH-bearing aqueous fluids was experimentally determined between 500 and 900°C at 2.0 GPa. In all the experiments, 7Li was preferentially partitioned into the fluid. The fractionation is temperature dependent and approximated by the equation Δ7Li(clinopyroxene–fluid)=−4.61×(1,000/T [K]) + 2.48; R 2=0.86. Significant Li isotopic fractionation of about 1.0‰ exists even at high temperatures of 900°C. Using neutral and weakly basic fluids revealed that the amount of fractionation is not different. The Li isotopic fractionation between altered basalt and hot spring water (350°C) in natural samples is in good agreement with our experimentally determined fractionation curve. The data confirm earlier speculations drawn from the Li isotopic record of dehydrated metamorphic rocks that fluids expelled from a dehydrating slab carry heavier Li into the mantle wedge, and that a light Li component is introduced into the deeper mantle. Li and Li isotopes are redistributed among wedge minerals as fluids travel across the wedge into hotter regions of arc magma production. This modifies the Li isotopic characteristics of slab-derived fluids erasing their source memory, and explains the absence of cross-arc variations of Li isotopes in arc basalts.  相似文献   

10.
Detailed melt and fluid inclusion studies in quartz hosts from the Variscan Ehrenfriedersdorf complex revealed that ongoing fractional crystallization of the highly evolved H2O-, B-, and F-rich granite magma produced a pegmatite melt, which started to separate into two immiscible phases at about 720°C, 100 MPa. With cooling and further chemical evolution, the immiscibilty field expanded. Two conjugate melts, a peraluminous one and a peralkaline one, coexisted down to temperatures of about 490°C. Additionally, high-salinity brine exsolved throughout the pegmatitic stage, along with low-density vapor. Towards lower temperatures, a hydrothermal system gradually developed. Boiling processes occurred between 450 and 400°C, increasing the salinities of hydrothermal fluids at this stage. Below, the late hydrothermal stage is dominated by low-salinity fluids. Using a combination of synchrotron radiation-induced X-ray fluorescence analysis and Raman spectroscopy, the concentration of trace elements (Mn, Fe, Zn, As, Sb, Rb, Cs, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ta, Ag, Sn, Ta, W, rare earth elements (REE), and Cu) was determined in 52 melt and 8 fluid inclusions that are representative of distinct stages from 720°C down to 380°C. Homogenization temperatures and water contents of both melt and fluid inclusions are used to estimate trapping temperatures, thus revealing the evolutionary stage during the process. Trace elements are partitioned in different proportions between the two pegmatite melts, high-salinity brines and exsolving vapors. Concentrations are strongly shifted by co ncomitant crystallization and precipitation of ore-forming minerals. For example, pegmatite melts at the initial stage (700°C) have about 1,600 ppm of Sn. Concentrations in both melts decrease towards lower temperatures due to the crystallization of cassiterite between 650 and 550°C. Tin is preferentially fractionated into the peralkaline melt by a factor of 2–3. While the last pegmatite melts are low in Sn (64 ppm at 500°C), early hydrothermal fluids become again enriched with about 800 ppm of Sn at the boiling stage. A sudden drop in late hydrothermal fluids (23 ppm of Sn at 370°C) results from precipitation of another cassiterite generation between 400 and 370°C. Zinc concentrations in peraluminous melts are low (some tens of parts per million) and are not correlated with temperature. In coexisting peralkaline melts and high-T brines, they are higher by a factor of 2–3. Zinc continuously increases in hydrothermal fluids (3,000 ppm at 400°C), where the precipitation of sphalerite starts. The main removal of Zn from the fluid system occurs at lower temperatures. Similarly, melt and fluid inclusion concentrations of many other trace elements directly reflect the crystallization and precipitation history of minerals at distinctive temperatures or temperature windows.  相似文献   

11.
Auriferous quartz veins in the Bankuan gold deposit occur in the interlayer broken zone of the basal conglomerate of the Tietonggou Formation or at the unconformity between the Tietonggou Formation and the crystalline basement.The composition of fluid inclusions in the minerals indicates that the nature and composition of ore-forming hydrothermal solutions show a drastical change soon after the solutions reached the Tietonggou Formation from the crystalline basement,resulting in gold precipitation.So the Bankuan gold deposit can be assigned to the conglomerate stata-bound-type deposits.137 thermometric data are concentrated in the three ranges 400-340℃,330-220℃ and 180-160℃,representing three episodes of metalogenesis,Oxygen isotope studies demonstrate the evolution of ore-forming hydrothermal solutions from early metamorphic to late meteoric,Diversity of ore-forming materials dominated by deep-source material is supported by sulphur and lead isotope data.From the above discussions it may be concluded that the deposit formed by metamorphism induced as a result of Mesozoic northward intracontinental subduction along the Machaoying fault.  相似文献   

12.
Deposition of quartz–molybdenite–pyrite–topaz–muscovite–fluorite and subsequent hübnerite and sulfide–fluorite–rhodochrosite mineralization at the Sweet Home Mine occurred coeval with the final stage of magmatic activity and ore formation at the nearby world-class Climax molybdenum deposit about 26 to 25 m.y. ago. The mineralization occurred at depths of about 3,000 m and is related to at least two major fluid systems: (1) one dominated by magmatic fluids, and (2) another dominated by meteoric water. The sulfur isotopic composition of pyrite, strontium isotopes and REY distribution in fluorite suggest that the early-stage quartz–molybdenite–pyrite–topaz–muscovite–fluorite mineral assemblage was deposited from magmatic fluids under a fluctuating pressure regime at temperatures of about 400°C as indicated by CO2-bearing, moderately saline (7.5–12.5 wt.% NaCl equiv.) fluid inclusions. LA-ICPMS analyses of fluid inclusions in quartz demonstrate that fluids from the Sweet Home Mine are enriched in incompatible elements but have considerably lower metal contents than those reported from porphyry–Cu–Au–Mo or Climax-type deposits. The ore-forming fluid exsolved from a highly differentiated magma possibly related to the deep-seated Alma Batholith or distal porphyry stock(s). Sulfide mineralization, marking the periphery of Climax-type porphyry systems, with fluorite and rhodochrosite as gangue minerals was deposited under a hydrostatic pressure regime from low-salinity ± CO2-bearing fluids with low metal content at temperatures below 400°C. The sulfide mineralization is characterized by mostly negative δ34S values for sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, and tetrahedrite, highly variable δ18O values for rhodochrosite, and low REE contents in fluorite. The Pb isotopic composition of galena as well as the highly variable 87Sr/86Sr ratios of fluorite, rhodochrosite, and apatite indicates that at least part of the Pb and Sr originated from a much more radiogenic source than Climax-type granites. It is suggested that the sulfide mineralization at the Sweet Home Mine formed from magmatic fluids that mixed with variable amounts of externally derived fluids. The migration of the latter fluids, that were major components during late-stage mineralization at the Sweet Home Mine, was probably driven by a buried magmatic intrusion.  相似文献   

13.
流体不混溶性和流体包裹体   总被引：16，自引：4，他引：12  
卢焕章 《岩石学报》2011,27(5):1253-1261
大多数流体包裹体是捕获于均匀体系,但有一部分包裹体捕获自非均匀体系(不混溶体系)。在自然界存在着许多不混溶的过程,这包括基性岩浆和酸性岩浆之间,岩浆与热液,岩浆与CO2,盐水溶液与CO2等。液体的不混溶性对于成矿作用十分重要,这方面有3个典型的例子,第一个是金矿的成矿作用与NaCl-H2O-CO2体系流体的不混溶有着重大的关系;第二个例子是斑岩铜矿;第三个例子是伟晶岩,发现在伟晶岩演化和成矿作用中存在着岩浆和热液的不混溶作用。实际上不混溶的大部分证据是从流体包裹体的研究中获得的。现在的问题是如何来确定哪些包裹体是从不混溶过程中捕获的。这种捕获于不混溶过程中的流体包裹体怎么来确定他的Th和成分。这种捕获于不混溶过程中的流体包裹体怎么与"卡脖子"拉伸作用"中捕获的包裹体和捕获自均匀体系的流体包裹体相区分。  相似文献   

14.
锂同位素在地质学、地球化学研究中有着广阔的应用前景。简单介绍了锂同位素研究已取得的进展,并在四川甲基卡伟晶岩型锂多金属矿床研究中开展应用。研究表明,四川甲基卡锂矿床中2件锂辉石的锂含量非常高,分别为33 592×10-6和34 264×10-6,相应的δ7Li值分别为-0.6‰和-0.4‰,平均值为-0.5‰,而二云母花岗岩中黑云母的锂含量为7 350×10-6,δ7Li值为+0.6‰,两者在误差范围内具有非常好的一致性,证明锂辉石来源于二云母花岗岩,这与其他包裹体、同位素地球化学和年代学证据等相一致。  相似文献   

15.
Basal hydraulic breccias of alpine thin-skinned Muráň nappe were investigated by means of cathodoluminescence petrography, stable isotope geochemistry and fluid inclusions analysis. Our study reveals an unusual dynamic fluid regime along basal thrust plane during final episode of the nappe emplacement over its metamorphic substratum. Basal thrusting fluids enriched in 18O, silica, alumina, alkalies and phosphates were generated in the underlying metamorphosed basement at epizonal conditions corresponding to the temperatures of 400–450°C. The fluids fluxed the tectonized nappe base, leached evaporite-bearing formations in hangingwall, whereby becoming oversaturated with sulphates and chlorides. The fluids further modified their composition by dedolomitization and isotopic exchange with the host carbonatic cataclasites. Newly formed mineral assemblage of quartz, phlogopite, albite, potassium feldspar, apatite, dravite tourmaline and anhydrite precipitated from these fluids on cooling down to 180–200°C. Finally, the cataclastic mush was cemented by calcite at ambient anchizonal conditions. Recurrent fluid injections as described above probably enhanced the final motion of the Muráň nappe.  相似文献   

16.
中酸性岩浆体系成矿流体及微量元素地球化学特征   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文
从流体成矿作用角度出发，与酸性岩浆体系有关的成矿流体可以分为：酸性岩浆硅酸盐熔融体，岩浆一热液过渡阶段硅酸盐熔融体及其分异的流体，酸性岩浆熔体分异形成的热水成矿溶液。酸性岩浆体系主要提供热源和部分矿质，其提供的热源驱动地下水淋滤、萃取围岩中的成矿物质形成地下水热液成矿流体。变质岩混合岩化形成花岗质岩浆过程中所形成的混合岩化成矿流体。在此基础上，讨论了上述不同成矿流体的微量元素地球化学特征及其对成矿的控制作用。  相似文献   

17.
Fluid inclusions in the Merensky Reef quartz and later pegmatite veins crosscutting the Platreef rocks of the Bushveld Complex are studied by a suite of advanced high-precision methods. Based on the conducted studies, we identify a few types of fluids, some having been separated during the crystallization of volatile matter-rich residual melt of original basic magma, while others are derivatives of later felsic (granite) melts that formed crosscutting veins in fully devitrified ultrabasic and basic rocks. The earliest fluid is captured by quartz in symplectitic intergrowths with intercumulus plagioclase from the Merensky Reef pyroxenite occurs as a homogenous dense dry reduced gas (CH4–N2 ± CO2) mixture separated from the aluminosilicate melt at 800–900°C and 3050 bar. The following heterophase highly concentrated fluids (60–80 wt % NaCl eq.) separated at over 550°C and below 3050 bar transport a large number of metals. Major saline components of such fluids included Na, K, Fe, Ca, and Mn chlorides, Ca and Na sulphates and carbonates. According to LA ICP-MS analysis data, inclusions of these fluids contain high concentrations of Fe, Cr, K, and Na at the level of a few wt % and also significant contents of Cu, Sn, Sb, Mo, Au, Ag, Bi, and Ni in a concentration range from a few to thousands of ppm. Relatively lower-temperature (much higher than 450°C) fluids accompanying the crystallization of crosscutting quartz–feldspar pegmatite veins at the Platreef are also highly concentrated (from 70–80% to 40–14 wt % NaCl eq.), oxidized and metal-bearing. High concentrations of metals such as Na, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, and Pb at the level of wt % and also Ni, Co, Cu, As, Mo, Sn, Sb, and Bi (1–500 ppm) in inclusions in quartz of later pegmatite veins suggest the possible participation of magmatogene fluids related to later felsic intrusions in the redistribution of primary magmatic concentrations of metals. The oxidation of reduced heterophase fluids may be the most important geochemical barrier invoking the crystallization of solid mineral phases from heterophase fluids.  相似文献   

18.
云南哀牢山变质流体特征   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
李文  李光麟 《岩石学报》2000,16(4):649-654
对云南哀牢山的变质岩、混合岩及脉岩中包裹体的化学成分及碳、氢、氧进行研究,结果表明,哀牢山变质流体有多种来源,流体成分复杂,有互不混溶的流体水、ＣＯ２有机物。水主要来源于古海水和大气降水,少部分来源于深部岩降水;有机质来源于沉积岩生物质;ＣＯ２多数来源于碳酸盐岩,少数来源于有仙质的氧化分解,这些流体受构造运动的驱动而活化迁移,成为成矿物质的搬运介质,参与了本区岩石的改造,是形成本区伟晶岩的重要流体  相似文献   

19.
《China Geology》2023,6(2):252-268
The Liwu stratiform copper deposit is located in the northwestern Jianglang dome, western China. Current studies mainly focus on the genetic type and mineralization of this deposit. Detailed fluid inclusion characteristics of metallogenic period quartz veins were studied to reveal the ore-forming fluid features. Laser Raman analysis indicates that the ore-forming fluids is a H2O-NaCl-CH4 (-CO2) system. Fluid inclusions microthermometry shows a homogenization temperature of 181–375°C and a salinity of 5.26%–16.99% for the disseminated-banded Cu-Zn mineralization; but a homogenization temperature of 142–343°C and a salinity of 5.41%–21.19% for the massive-veined Cu-Zn mineralization. These features suggest a medium-high temperature and a medium salinity for the ore-forming fluids. H-O isotopic data indicates that the ore-forming fluids were mainly from the metamorphic and magmatic water, plus minor formation water. And sulfur isotopic data indicates that sulfur was mainly derived from the formation and magmatic rocks. Metallogenesis of the disseminated-banded mineralization was mainly correlated with fluid mixing and water-rock reaction; whereas that of the massive-veined mineralization was mainly correlated with fluid boiling. The genetic type of the deposit is a medium-high temperature hydrothermal deposit related to magmatism and controlled by shear zones. This study is beneficial to understand the stratiform copper deposit.©2023 China Geology Editorial Office.  相似文献   

20.
Quartz–carbonate–chlorite veins were studied in borehole samples of the RWTH-1 well in Aachen. Veins formed in Devonian rocks in the footwall of the Aachen thrust during Variscan deformation and associated fluid flow. Primary fluid inclusions indicate subsolvus unmixing of a homogenous H2O–CO2–CH4–(N2)–Na–(K)–Cl fluid into a H2O–Na–(K)–Cl solution and a vapour-rich CO2–(H2O, CH4, N2) fluid. The aqueous end-member composition resembles that of metamorphic fluids of the Variscan front zone with salinities ranging from 4 to 7% NaCl equiv. and maximum homogenisation temperatures of close to 400°C. Pressure estimates indicate a burial depth between 4,500 and 8,000 m at geothermal gradients between 50 and 75°C/26 MPa, but pressure decrease to sublithostatic conditions is also indicated, probably as a consequence of fracture opening during episodic seismic activity. A second fluid system, mainly preserved in pseudo-secondary and secondary fluid inclusions, is characterised by fluid temperatures between 200 and 250°C and salinities of <5% NaCl equiv. Bulk stable isotope analyses of fluids released from vein quartz, calcite, and dolomite by decrepitation yielded δDH2O values from −89 to −113 ‰, δ13CCH4 from −26.9 to −28.9‰ (VPDB) and δ13CCO2 from −12.8 to −23.3‰ (VPDB). The low δD and δ13C range of the fluids is considered to be due to interaction with cracked hydrocarbons. The second fluid influx caused partial isotope exchange and disequilibrium. It is envisaged that an initial short lived flux of hot metamorphic fluids expelled from the epizonal metamorphic domains of the Stavelot–Venn massif. The metamorphic fluid was focused along major thrust faults of the Variscan front zone such as the Aachen thrust. A second fluid influx was introduced from formation waters in the footwall of the Aachen thrust as a consequence of progressive deformation. Mixing of the cooler and lower salinity formation water with the hot metamorphic fluid during episodic fluid trapping resulted in an evolving range of physicochemical fluid inclusion characteristics.  相似文献   

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