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1.
The uplift is a positive structural unit of the crust. It is an important window for continental dynamics owing to its abundant structural phenomena, such as fault, fold, unconformity and denudation of strata. Meanwhile, it is the very place to store important minerals like oil, natural gas, coal and uranium. Giant and large-scale oil and gas fields in China, such as the Daqing Oilfield, Lunnan-Tahe Oilfield, Penglai 19-3 Oilfield, Puguang Gas Field and Jingbian Gas Field, are developed mainly on uplifts. Therefore, it is the main target both for oil and gas exploration and for geological study. The uplift can be either a basement uplift, or one developed only in the sedimentary cover. Extension, compression and wrench or their combined forces may give rise to uplifts. The development process of uplifting, such as formation, development, dwindling and destruction, can be taken as the uplifting cycle. The uplifts on the giant Precambrian cratons are large in scale with less extensive structural deformation. The uplifts on the medium- and small-sized cratons or neo-cratons are formed in various shapes with strong structural deformation and complicated geological structure. Owing to changes in the geodynamic environment, uplift experiences a multi-stage or multi-cycle development process. Its geological structure is characterized in superposition of multi-structural layers. Based on the basement properties, mechanical stratigraphy and development sequence, uplifts can be divided into three basic types--the succession, superposition and destruction ones. The succession type is subdivided into the maintaining type and the lasting type. The superposition type can he subdivided into the composite anticlinal type, the buried-hill draped type, the faulted uplift type and the migration type according to the different scales and superimposed styles of uplifts in different cycles. The destruction type is subdivided into the tilting type and the negative inverted type. The development history of uplifts and their controlling effects on sedimentation and fluids are quite different from one another, although the uplifts with different structural types store important minerals. Uplifts and their slopes are the main areas for oil and gas accumulation. They usually become the composite oil and gas accumulation zones (belts) with multiple productive formations and various types of oil and gas reservoirs. 相似文献
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2013年以来,在四川盆地周缘黄陵隆起南部斜坡带的下寒武统、震旦系取得页岩气勘查的重大发现和突破,开拓了盆外复杂构造区页岩气勘查新方向。依据已有研究成果、区域地质资料、物探资料和钻井资料等,提出黄陵隆起从元古界以来经历了前震旦纪结晶基底形成、震旦纪初的岩体侵入、震旦纪—中侏罗世沉降沉积与隆升剥蚀交替发展、晚侏罗世—古近纪快速隆升削顶4个构造演化阶段。黄陵隆起独特的构造演化史对页岩气成藏起到了重要作用,其中震旦纪—中侏罗世沉降沉积与隆升剥蚀交替发展使早期烃源岩埋深适当,热演化程度和孔隙度适中;而强硬基底则保护了沉积盖层的相对完整性和连续性。考虑构造演化史、基底特征、盖层发育以及烃源岩等因素,对中、下扬子地区类似古隆起进行系统梳理分析,发现四川盆地外围的雪峰隆起、黔中隆起与南华北盆地的霍邱隆起石油地质条件较好,通过进一步的地质地球物理和钻探工作,有望取得油气调查的发现和突破。 相似文献
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ZHANGKang WANGDarui 《《地质学报》英文版》2004,78(3):866-872
Almost all the oil and gas reservoirs developed in marine sedimentary strata of China have undergone processes of multi-phase reservoir formation and later modification. The irregular reservoirs are classified into three types as the Naxi, Tahe and Renqiu ones, increasing successively in the development degree of karstificated pores and fissures and the connection degree of independent reservoirs. In these reservoirs, the unity in the fluid feature, pressure and oil-gaswater interface also increases successively from the Naxi to the Renqiu type. The main body of Ordovician reservoirs of the Tahe Oilfield in the Tarim Basin is a network pool rather than a stratified, massive, stratigraphically-unconformed or weathering-crust one. The fluid nature of oil, gas and water, the interface positions and the pressures, as well as the dynamic conditions of fluids within the reservoirs during the production are all different from those in stratified or massive oil and gas reservoirs. Carbonates in the Akekule uplift and the Tahe Oilfield are assemblages of various types of reservoirs, which have an overall oH-bearing potential and obvious uneven distribution. Testing and producing tests are the major means to evaluate this type of reservoirs and acid fracturing improvement is a key link in petroleum exploration and development. 相似文献
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由于受地表沙漠和巨厚新生界覆盖,塔里木盆地西南部开展的基础地质调查较少,特别是对深部地质结构认识还比较模糊。笔者根据近年来在塔西南实测的高精度无人机航空磁测数据资料,对塔西南的地质构造、磁性基底隆坳格局、构造格架等较模糊的地质问题进行了深入研究。本文应用三维欧拉反褶积反演方法计算磁性基底深度显示,在伽师北部存在一近东西向的凹陷带,在磁性基底- 10 km等深线上前陆中部坳陷带自西向东展现出由喀什凹陷、英吉沙凸起等9个凹陷和凸起相间构成,凸起或凹陷受基底断裂控制,凹陷内存在多个局部洼陷中心具逆冲推覆断裂前缘局部洼陷构造规律。根据基底深度差异,提出前陆中部凹陷与麦盖提斜坡西段之间基底断裂构造边界认识,中新生界下伏的基性火山岩主要分布在岳普湖-色力布亚和叶城南部,其形成受近东西、北东向深断裂控制等地质认识。研究成果对塔西南深坳盆地的深部地质构造研究及深层油气调查具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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LI Qiming WU Guanghui PANG Xiongqi PAN Wenqin LUO Chunshu Wang Chenglin LI Xinsheng ZHOU Bo 《《地质学报》英文版》2010,84(5):1180-1194
<正>Based on comprehensive analysis of reservoir-forming conditions,the diversity of reservoir and the difference of multistage hydrocarbon charge are the key factors for the carbonate hydrocarbon accumulation of the Ordovician in the Tarim Basin.Undergone four major deposition-tectonic cycles, the Ordovician carbonate formed a stable structural framework with huge uplifts,in which are developed reservoirs of the reef-bank type and unconformity type,and resulted in multistage hydrocarbon charge and accumulation during the Caledonian,Late Hercynian and Late Himalayan. With low matrix porosity and permeability of the Ordovician carbonate,the secondary solution pores and caverns serve as the main reservoir space.The polyphase tectonic movements formed unconformity reservoirs widely distributed around the paleo-uplifts;and the reef-bank reservoir is controlled by two kinds of sedimentary facies belts,namely the steep slope and gentle slope.The unconventional carbonate pool is characterized by extensive distribution,no obvious edge water or bottom water,complicated oil/gas/water relations and severe heterogeneity controlled by reservoirs. The low porosity and low permeability reservoir together with multi-period hydrocarbon accumulation resulted in the difference and complex of the distribution and production of oil/gas/water.The distribution of hydrocarbon is controlled by the temporal-spatial relation between revolution of source rocks and paleo-uplifts.The heterogenetic carbonate reservoir and late-stage gas charge are the main factors making the oil/ gas phase complicated.The slope areas of the paleo-uplifts formed in the Paleozoic are the main carbonate exploration directions based on comprehensive evaluation.The Ordovician of the northern slope of the Tazhong uplift,Lunnan and its periphery areas are practical exploration fields.The Yengimahalla-Hanikatam and Markit slopes are the important replacement targets for carbonate exploration.Gucheng,Tadong,the deep layers of Cambrian dolomite in the Lunnan and Tazhong-Bachu areas are favorable directions for research and risk exploration. 相似文献
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古今湿热气候条件下典型碳酸盐岩缝洞系统结构模式及发育特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
碳酸盐岩地层在湿热气候条件下可形成典型的裂缝-溶洞系统。塔里木盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩存在3大构造隆起,与上覆志留系、石炭系地层存在沉积间断,具备了岩溶缝洞形成的基础条件;在泥盆纪、志留纪时塔里木古陆位于低纬度地区,具有与现代中国南方相似的热带、亚热带湿热海洋性气候条件,岩溶作用强烈,为大型岩溶缝洞储层的形成提供了水热条件。为了更好地揭示塔河油田岩溶缝洞储层的发育和分布规律,文章基于对塔北露头区古岩溶的调查分析,结合地震、岩心、测井等资料,并与我国西南岩溶区现代岩溶研究成果相比较,总结了古今湿热气候条件下典型碳酸盐岩缝洞系统的空间结构和发育特征,将其划分为地下河、岩溶洞穴、溶蚀孔洞、溶蚀缝等4种缝洞类型,地下河又细分为单支管道、多支管道、廊道型管道3个亚类,洞穴细分为厅堂型、溶洞型和竖井型洞穴3个亚类,分别建立了这些缝洞类型的地质结构模式,并对其发育特征和地球物理响应特征进行了归纳,为深入认识岩溶缝洞储层油气富集规律和油田地质建模提供科学依据。 相似文献
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沉积盆地古隆起对油气成藏起到明显控制作用,对砂岩型铀矿成矿的制约也不可忽视。砂岩型铀矿通常就位于盆地边缘构造斜坡带和盆地内部隆起附近。隆起对砂岩型铀矿成矿的控制具体体现在:控制地下水补-径-排体系、控制层间氧化作用、控制沉积相带发育、伴生断裂促进物质输运以及为成矿供给铀等。中国北方沉积盆地中新生代以来经历复杂的构造活动,盆地域内非均衡发展而多形成隆起,因此我国铀矿找矿尤其需要重视隆起对铀成矿的控制。其中,盆地内部找矿应重点关注被大幅抬升的隆起,而盆地边缘构造斜坡带上找矿需重视微隆起以及基底上覆地层的褶皱。将隆起作为关键控矿要素,优选适用的攻深找盲方法,精细刻画盆地基底隆升形成的背斜、褶皱及伴生断裂,可有效提高铀矿找矿效率并拓展铀矿找矿空间。 相似文献
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基于德令哈地区最新1∶25万重力数据,结合相关已知资料,进行了重力异常新提取和反演解释,研究表明,德令哈地区现今的重力异常特征能够反映基底构造。本文通过小波断裂分析方法,解释了14条区域性断裂构造,通过帕克法密度界面反演计算,划分了德令哈地区“五凹三隆”基底结构,明确了德令哈现今区域基底的隆凹格局,推断了基底隆起凹陷起伏变化及深度,并和部分前人认识成果做了归属及补充完善。笔者希望通过本次研究,对后续德令哈地区特别是柴东盆地深部构造分析、成矿作用、油气资源预测等研究起到相应的指导意义。 相似文献
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生油层、储油层和盖油层的存在、它们之间的组合关系以及它们在空间上的分布和时间上的变化,对于油气藏的形成有决定性的作用。其中,生油层是主要的。生油层形成的条件为:第一,要有大的水体,即,有大型盆地或大型凹陷区;第二,这个水体需要在一定时期封闭,处于还原环境,以使大量生油母质得以保存并进行厌氧细菌的发酵及化学作用;第三,生油盆地应具有持续的大幅度的沉降及快速堆积。从我国一些生油盆地的生油层位来看,其堆积速度都是相当大的(表1)。大幅度的沉降和快速堆积,不仅提供了巨大的生油岩体积,而且使有机质在上覆沉积岩的厚度及荷重不断增大的情况下,具有足够的温度(主要条件)和压力,导致了生油母质的热裂化反应而得烃类。本文第一作者早已指出,深的内陆凹陷、海陆交替相的泻湖盆地以及滨海古河口三角洲是生物大量繁殖并成为油源的地区;而沉积环境的快速和突然变化以及适当的地温梯度和压力是生物大量死亡和快速埋藏并向油气转化的主要条件。所以,我们勘探油气藏必须首先确定生油凹陷,恢复原生古盆地面貌。“定凹”就是这样提出来的。 相似文献
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北大巴山凤凰山基底隆起晚中生代构造隆升历史 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
对采自于北大巴山凤凰山基底隆起8个样品的磷灰石裂变径迹年代学分析和热历史模拟表明,凤凰山基底隆起陆内造山运动结束后的隆升历史大致可以划分为2个阶段：早白垩世中晚期（135±5～95±5 Ma）缓慢隆升,晚白垩世（95±5～65±5 Ma）快速隆升。大巴山北缘韧性剪切带黑云母40Ar/39Ar坪年龄证实大巴山北缘中晚侏罗世（165.7±1.9 Ma～161.2 Ma）存在快速隆升剥蚀,其与大巴山强烈陆内造山作用阶段有关; 早白垩世中晚期缓慢隆升代表了陆内造山结束后的稳定阶段; 晚白垩世快速隆升为一次区域性隆升事件,在秦岭、大别和武当等地区均有反映,隆升过程中伴随着强烈的伸展垮塌作用,沿秦岭造山带发育一系列伸展断陷盆地。区域对比分析表明,凤凰山基底隆起隆升历史与黄陵、汉南地块接近,但与武当地块存在明显区别,反映了秦岭造山带的不均一隆升过程。南大巴山前陆带1个样品的热史模拟结果显示,南大巴山前陆带自早白垩世以来与凤凰山基底隆起经历了一致的隆升过程。 相似文献
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鸡西、勃利盆地白垩纪砂岩骨架矿物成分的模式分析显示：下白垩统城子河组和穆棱组砂岩的源区主要为切割型岛弧,结合古水流方向和砂岩地球化学特征研究,物源区主要为小兴安岭-张广才岭;上白垩统猴石沟组砂岩的源区主要为基底隆升和切割型岛弧。结合古水流方向和砾石的统计结果认为,鸡西、勃利盆地物源区主要为桦南隆起和密山隆起,以及小兴安岭-张广才岭。据白垩纪砂岩物源,晚白垩世砾岩成分,以及区域地质资料分析,下白垩统城子河组和穆棱组时期,鸡西盆地、勃利盆地和黑龙江东部各盆地为统一的原型盆地,早白垩世末期随着桦南隆起和密山隆起的隆升而破坏。并在晚白垩世早期已隆升,并为周缘盆地提供物源,形成现今黑龙江东北部地区的盆岭格局。 相似文献
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博格达南、北缘成盆过程演化及其对油气形成影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以博格达地史演化为主线,探讨博格达构造域成盆—成烃—成藏的演化过程。研究认为,博格达构造域时空演化具有明显的分期性、分段性,其演化历程大体经历三个阶段:①泥盆纪—早二叠世西博格达为陆内裂谷阶段,东博格达经历泥盆纪—石炭纪裂谷演化阶段后于石炭纪末期裂谷回返形成褶隆;②晚二叠世—侏罗纪西博格达为裂谷后坳陷阶段,东博格达褶隆进一步隆升形成界山雏形,南缘进入弱压陷—挠曲沉降阶段;③侏罗纪末期—第四纪西博格达裂谷开始回返隆升成山,北缘形成阜康前陆,东博格达界山雏形再度隆起,南缘形成前陆。成盆—成烃—成藏演化史表明,西博格达经历裂谷后期坳陷阶段湖相烃源岩发育（P2）,后期（T-J）深埋,晚期（J末-Q）裂谷回返隆升造山致使油气破坏阶段,造山前期远源运聚成藏较为有利;东博格达南缘经历多期压陷-挠曲沉降,发育湖-沼相多套泥质、煤系烃源岩（P2-J2）互层,前侏罗纪构造格局控制上二叠统油气系统远源运聚成藏,侏罗纪末期以来造山运动所形成的构造格局控制中、下侏罗统油气系统源内（或近源）垂向运聚成藏。 相似文献
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为了建立断陷盆地的低煤阶煤层气成藏模式,从二连盆地群的霍林河盆地地质条件与煤层气地质特征入手,探讨该类盆地煤层气富集规律。研究结果显示:霍林河盆地煤层厚度可达80 m,煤层含气量为1.6~5.62 m3/t,瓦斯风化带深度为450~500 m;煤层的分布特征受同沉积构造与沉积环境控制,盆地内部小型凹陷与隆起决定着煤层的发育位置和煤层埋藏深度,基底的整体抬升确定了瓦斯风化带的位置;翁能花向斜与西南部向斜处,煤层厚度和埋藏深度均较大,煤层顶底板岩性为泥岩,其受到后期构造影响小,是煤层气成藏的有利地带。 相似文献
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塔里木盆地中央隆起带下奥陶统构造调整定量研究及其对油气成藏的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
构造调整对油气藏起着重要的控制作用。采用定量方法研究构造调整强度及其对油气形成与调整的影响是对成藏研究定量化的有益探索。下奥陶统地层是塔里木中央隆起带的重要储层,具有统一的原始构造和沉积环境,而后期构造调整相差巨大,最终形成了塔中和巴楚地区在成藏及含油气性上的巨大差别,塔中为加里东晚期形成的古隆起,后期构造稳定,变动小;巴楚隆起经历了多期的构造变革和改造,一直到喜山期才最终定型。构造调整控制了烃源岩的发育和油气运移的方向,制约着油气藏的形成与改造,并最终决定了油气藏在时空上的分布。塔中隆起从加里东期开始到喜山期发生继承性成藏,油气兼聚,圈闭的发育制约油气藏的发现;巴楚则多为晚期成藏,聚气为主,喜山期形成的气藏是巴楚地区勘探的首选目标。 相似文献
16.
YU Yixin ZHANG Tianlong ZHANG Zhongtao ZHANG Gongcheng ZENG Jianhui YANG Haizhang ZHAO Zhao LIANG Weiwei 《《地质学报》英文版》2021,95(1):21-29
The Yunkai low uplift with low exploration degree is close to the Baiyun sag,and has hydrocarbon exploration potential in the deepwater area of the Pearl River Mouth Basin.Based on seismic and drilling data,balanced profiles and growth strata,this paper mainly discusses geological structures and formation processes of the Yunkai low uplift,and also analyzes the characteristics of fault system and their influence on hydrocarbon migration and accumulation.The EWtrending basement faults divide the Yunkai low uplift into two parts,i.e.the southern sector and the northern sector.The northern sector is a relatively wide and gentle uplift,while the southern sector is composed of two secondary half-grabens with faulting in the south and overlapping in the north.The Yunkai low uplift experienced three major formation stages,including the rapid uplifting stage during the deposition period of the Eocene Wenchang Formation,the slow uplifting stage during the deposition period of the Late Eocene-Middle Miocene Enping-Hanjiang formations,and the whole burial stage from the Middle Miocene to present.The extensional faults in the Yunkai low uplift and its adjacent areas strike mainly along the NW,NWW and near-EW directions.Also,the strikes of faults present a clockwise rotation from the deep to the shallow strata.According to effects of faults on hydrocarbon accumulation the faults in the Yunkai low uplift and its adjacent areas can be divided into trap-controlled faults and source-controlled faults.The trap-controlled faults control trap development and can effectively seal oil and gas.The source-controlled faults connect directly source rocks and reservoirs,which are highly active during the rifting stage and weakly active since the Miocene.This activity features of the source-controlled faults is beneficial to migration of the early crude oil from the Baiyun sag to the high part of the Yunkai low uplift,but is not good for migration of the late natural gas.In the Yunkai low uplift and its adjacent areas,the traps in the deep Zhuhai and Enping formations that are close to source rocks in the Baiyun sag should be the favorable exploration objectives. 相似文献
17.
近年来取得的油气勘探突破多与古构造活动区密切相关,如渤海湾盆地大港油田千米桥潜山凝析气藏、鄂尔多斯盆地靖边气田、塔里木盆地和田河气田及塔河油田的发现等。多年来的勘探实践证明,适时的古构造隆起对油气运移、聚集和成藏起着十分关键的作用。研究认为构造活动还直接控制着古风化壳岩溶裂缝—洞穴型、裂缝型等多种类型储层或储集体的发育。提出了岩石构造相的概念及分类体系;指出岩石构造相是岩石固结成岩后在不同时期所受构造作用的物质体现,可以按照岩石地层单元、构造运动期次及构造运动方式对其进行分类。分别以冀中坳陷任丘雾迷山组古潜山油藏及四川盆地赤水地区须家河组气藏为例,分析了抬升岩溶构造相及节理构造相储层的特征;认为前者多见于碳酸盐岩,各种溶蚀孔、洞、缝为储集空间,而后者见于不同岩类,构造裂缝及其伴生孔隙为储集空间,它们的物性特征都比较复杂。建议加强储层岩石构造相的研究,开展相关识别技术的开发。 相似文献
18.
鄂尔多斯盆地基底结构特征及其对古生界天然气的控制 总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26
鄂尔多斯盆地位于华北克拉通西部，是我国大型含油气盆地之一。基底结构复杂，具有显著的下均匀性，基底断裂数量多，规模大，基底顶面表现为两个大型隆起，北部为伊盟隆起，中南部为中央古隆起，盆地基底结构对上覆沉积盖怪岩性，岩相具明显控制作用，从而间接影响到油气的生成，运移与聚集。伊盟隆起地抽侧斜坡及中央古隆起四周斜坡地带，是寻找古生界天然气的有利场所；盆地中南部几条ＮＥ向大型韧性剪切带，可能地油气分布产生重要影响，在油气勘探中也应给予重视。 相似文献
19.
准噶尔盆地车排子-莫索湾古隆起的形成演化与成因机制 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
准噶尔地块是在前寒武纪"微"地块与环绕它的早古生代陆缘增生褶皱带的基础上经历石炭—二叠纪过渡阶段的构造演化之后固结形成的新克拉通地块。准噶尔盆地是在这一"新克拉通"之上发展起来的克拉通内坳陷盆地(T—E)与前陆盆地(N—Q)相叠加而成的叠合沉积盆地。周缘边界断裂带的多期活动与基底的非均一性使该"新克拉通地块"在后期活动强烈,集中表现在准噶尔盆地腹部于中—晚侏罗世形成了一个大型的SWW-NEE向的车排子-莫索湾隆起。该隆起经历了燕山早期(J1s)初始发育、燕山中期(J2x,J2t)强烈发育并定型、燕山晚期埋藏隐伏和喜马拉雅期掀斜消亡的完整过程。它是在中—晚侏罗世区域压扭背景之下,受周缘边界断裂带活动的控制,侏罗—白垩系构造层和石炭—三叠系构造层上下拆耦,发生镜像旋转而形成的压扭性构造带,为一形态不规则的复合性质隆起。车排子-莫索湾隆起对沉积与油气成藏有明显的制约作用,其两翼发育了一系列岩性、地层圈闭,目前发现了石南21、石南31、莫北、莫西庄和永丰等多个大中型油气田。车排子-莫索湾隆起将是准噶尔盆地腹部下一步岩性、地层油气藏勘探的重要领域。 相似文献
20.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(16):2029-2045
ABSTRACTThe Mesozoic–Cenozoic Gunsan Basin is the northeastern part of the Northern South Yellow Sea Basin between eastern China and the Korean Peninsula. On the basis of seismic interpretation, this study presents and interprets geologic features of regionally uplifted structures, the Haema Arch, located in the central western part of the basin. The Haema Arch is defined as dome-shaped uplift complexes, 95 km long and 60 km wide. It is characterized by prominent basement uplifts along its margin and plunging syncline inside the arch. The marginal large-scale uplifts are bounded by outward-dipping faults. The uplift-related strata are identified on the hanging wall block of the bounding faults and within the Haema Arch, which can be divided into pre-, syn-, and post-uplift units. The pre-uplift unit rests on the acoustic basement and shows an upturned stratal pattern near the marginal large-scale uplift. The syn-uplift unit locally occurs on the hanging wall block of the bounding faults along the northern and southern margins. The uplift of the Haema Arch and its coeval fault-controlled subsidence possibly occurred during the late Oligocene. The post-uplift unit initially formed on remnant topographic lows during the early Miocene and subsequently covered the overall area of the Haema Arch and the Gunsan Basin. The late Oligocene uplifting of the Haema Arch can be interpreted as an isostatic response to tectonic unloading by the arch-bounding faults that possibly extend to detachment faults. We suggest that the Gunsan Basin underwent crustal thinning and extensional deformation during the late Oligocene, which accounts for the coeval uplifting and fault-controlled subsidence in the study area. 相似文献