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1.
西湖硅藻对桡足类浮游动物繁殖的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本文报道从杭州西湖筛选分离的两种淡水硅藻,即尖针杆藻Ｓｙｎｅｄｒａａｃｕｓ和谷皮菱形藻Ｎｉｔｚｓｃｈｉａｐａｌｅａ对西湖两种淡水浮游桡足类,即近亲拟剑水蚤Ｐａｒａｃｙｃｌｏｐｓａｆｆｉｎｉｓ和大尾真剑水蚤Ｅｕｃｙｃｌｏｐｓｍｕｃｒｒｏｉｄｅｓ卵孵化率的影响。结果表明,在较高密度的硅藻培养液（１．２×１０４～５．４×１０４个／ｃｍ３）中培养的桡足类动物,其卵的孵化率比生活在自然水体中的有明显降低,并发现该密度的实验硅藻对其摄食者——桡足类的母体也产生一定的毒害作用。该实验结果与已报道的某些海洋硅藻对海洋桡足类存在毒害作用的结果,对水域生态系食物链（网）中硅藻作用的传统概念提出了挑战,对水域生态学研究提出了新课题。 相似文献
2.
在室内水池中观察了黑鲷（Ｓｐａｒｕｓｍａｃｒｏｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓ）和青石斑鱼（Ｅｐｉｎｅｐｈｅｌｕｓａｗｏａｒａ）对孔径０．５ｍｍ、孔距５．０ｃｍ，空气压力０．２５ｋｇ／ｃｍ２固定气泡幕的反应。结果表明，气泡幕对两种海水鱼都有显著的阻拦作用，平均阻拦率分别为黑鲷７５．１％、青石斑鱼８２．４％。分析显示，气泡幕对两种鱼的阻拦率间无显著差异。在本实验中，该两种鱼对气泡幕均无明显的适应现象 相似文献
3.
烟台不同海域潮间带Pb污染的生物监测 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
所调查的烟台海域潮间带无脊椎动物群落的５种优势种或常见种中（摺牡蛎Ｐｙｃｎｏｄｏｎｔａｐｌｉｃａｔｕｌａ、红条毛肤石鳖Ａｃａｎｔｈｏｃｈｉｔｏｎｒｕｂｒｏｌｉｎｅａｔｕｓ、笠贝Ｐａｔｅｌｌｉａｏｄａｓｐｐ、短滨螺Ｌｉｔｔｏｒｉｎａｂｒｅｖｉｃｕｌａ、紫贻贝Ｍｙｔｉｌｕｓｅｄｕｌｉｓ）, 相似文献
4.
定量分析了南海３３个１０００ｍ水深线以内的现代表层沉积样品中的硅藻,发现主要的种有菱形海线藻Ｔｈａｌａｓｓｉｏｎｅｍａｎｉｔｚｓｃｈｉｏｉｄｅｓ、短刺角毛藻Ｃｈａｅｔｏｃｅｒｏｓｍｅｓｓａｎｅｎｓｉｓ、结节圆筛藻Ｃｏｓｃｉｎｏｄｉｓｃｕｓｎｏｄｕｌｉｆｅｒ、长海毛藻Ｔｈａｌａｓｓｉｏｔｈｒｉｘｌｏｎｇｉｓｓｉｍａ、海洋菱形藻Ｎｉｔｚｓｃｈｉａｍａｒｉｎａ和条纹小环藻Ｃｙｃｌｏｔｅｌｌａｓｔｒｉａｔａ。根据硅藻主要种的百分含量、各站位硅藻丰度的变化以及其它一些特征,将３３个样品划分为５个硅藻组合,并着重研究这些组合与环境因素之间的关系。 相似文献
5.
１海平面变化特征１．１全新世中期海侵根据地层中所含硅藻属种雷州半岛海康南田乡一１５ｍ钻孔岩芯，含有丰富的硅藻，主要属种是①：具槽直链藻（Ｍｅｌｏｓｉｒａ ｓｕｌｃａｔａ（Ｅｈｒ）Ｋｕｔｚ）、范氏回箱藻（Ｐｙｘｉｃｌｉｃｕｌａ ｗｅｙｐｒｅｃｈｔｉｉＧｒｕｎ）、条纹小环藻（Ｃｙｃｌｏｔｅｌｌａｓｔｒｉａｔａ（Ｋｕｔｚ）Ｇｒｕｎ）、流水双菱藻（ＳｕｒｉｒｅｌｌａｆｌｕｍｉｎｅｎｓｉｓＧｒｕｎ）。上述硅藻主要是海相生活属种，今日南田乡已距离海岸线５ｋｍ。徐闻海安西侧一１８．５ｍ钻孔岩芯中的硅藻除上述属… 相似文献
6.
文昌鱼Ｂｒａｎｃｈｉｏｓｔｏｍａｂｅｌｃｈｅｒｉ属于脊索动物门 (Ｃｈｏｒｄａｔａ)、头索亚门(Ｃｅｐｈａｌｏｃｈｏｒｄａｔａ)、文昌鱼纲(Ａｍｐｈｉｏｘｉ)。文昌鱼目Ａｍｐｈｉｏｘｉｆｏｒｍｅｓ计有两个科 ,即文昌鱼科Ｂｒａｎｃｈｉｏｓｔｏｍａｔｉ ｄａｅ（仅文昌鱼Ｂｒａｎｃｈｉｏｓｔｏｍａ１属约１５种）和偏文昌鱼科Ｅｐｉｇｏｎｉｃｈｔｈｙｉｄａｅ（亦仅１属５种）。我们此次在金城水域发现的文昌鱼幼体系隶属于白氏文昌鱼的一个亚种Ｂ．ｂｅｌｃｈｅｒｉｔｓｉｎｇｔａｕｅｎｓｅＴｃｈａｎｇｅｔｋｏｏ。该亚种已记… 相似文献
7.
大鹏湾几种赤潮甲藻的分类学研究 总被引：24，自引：3，他引：24
对采自深圳大鹏湾的５种赤潮甲藻进行了分类学研究。其中海洋原甲藻属ｐｒｏ－ｒｏｃｅｎｔｒｕｍ２种：Ｐ．ｍｉｃａｎｓ Ｅｈｒｅｎｂｅｒｇ，Ｐ．ｍｉｎｉｍｕｍ（Ｐａｖｉｌｌａｒｄ）Ｓｃｈｉｌｌｅｒ；亚历山大属Ａｌｅｘａｎｄｒｉｕｍ２种：Ａｔａｍａｒｅｎｓｅ（Ｌｅｂｏｕｒ）Ｂａｌｅｃｈ，Ａ．ｃａｔｅｎｅｌｌａ（Ｗｈｅｄｏｎ＆Ｋｏｆｏｉｄ）Ｂａ－ｌｅｃｈ；施克里普藻属Ｓｃｒｉｐｐｓｉｅｌｌａ１种：Ｓ．ｔｒｏ 相似文献
8.
ＣｙｔｏｃｈａｌａｓｉｎＢｉｎｄｕｃｅｄｔｒｉｐｌｏｉｄｙｉｎＰｅｎａｅｕｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ￥ＢａｏＺｈｅｎｍｉｎ，ＺｈａｎｇＱｕａｎｑｉ，ＷａｎｇＨａｉａｎｄＤａｉＪｉｘｕｎ（ＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＡｐｒｉｌ５，１９９３；ａｃｃｅｐｔｅｄＡｕｇｕｓｔ１... 相似文献
9.
Ｐｈｉｌｌｉｐｓｉｔｅｉｎｄｅｅｐ－ｓｅａｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔｓ￥ＰｅｎｇＨａｎｃｈａｎｇａｎｄＬｉｕＺｈｅｎｇｋｕｎ（ＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＭａｒｃｈ５，１９９３；ａｃｃｅｐｔｅｄＡｕｇｕｓｔ１４，１９９３）Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ：──Ａｐｈｉｌｌｉｐｓｉｔｅａｓ... 相似文献
10.
不同海产动物和烟台海域不同海区的紫贻贝（Mytilus edulis）对重金属（Cr）富集的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
产于烟台的５种海产经济动物对Ｃｒ的富集存在明显差异。底栖的滤食性贝类（紫贻贝Ｍ．ｅｄｕｌｉｓ、栉孔扇贝Ｃｈｌａｍｙｓｆａｒｒｅｒｉ、菲律宾蛤仔Ｒｕｄｉｔａｐｅｓｐｈｉｌｉｐｐｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）的富集量远远超过自游泳的种类（中华马鲛Ｓｃｏｍｂｅｒｏｍｏｒｕｓｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ，长额七腕虾Ｈｅｐｔａｃａｒｐｕｓｐａｎｄａｌｏｉｄｅｓ）。紫贻贝为理想的海洋重金属Ｃｒ污染的指示动物．烟台海域各海区紫贻贝体内Ｃｒ含量最高，向边远海区逐渐降低。５种海产动物体内Ｃｒ的含量均在食品允许范围之内。 相似文献
11.
在添加浒苔和紫菜干体的条件下,通过测定藻细胞数量,观察藻细胞形态,分析海藻干体对米氏凯伦藻、中肋骨条藻和塔玛亚历山大藻的半抑制和完全抑制浓度以及半抑制和完全抑制浓度有效作用的起始藻细胞数量范围,研究了浒苔和紫菜干体对3种赤潮微藻生长的影响.在此基础上,设定海藻干体的添加量为其完全抑制浓度,通过监测微藻培养液中总氮(硝酸态氮、氨态氮和亚硝酸态氮)和总磷等变化,分析海藻干体添加对培养液营养化程度的影响.结果表明:(1)当浒苔和紫菜干体浓度分别大于0.8 g/L 和1.0 g/L 时,海藻干体能显著抑制3种赤潮微藻的生长,它们对赤潮微藻的生长抑制率超过60%(第12 d).(2)浒苔和紫菜干体对3种实验微藻的半抑制浓度(IC50)接近,在0.71~1.22 g/L 之间;但完全抑制浓度(IC10)差别较大,浒苔干体对3种赤潮微藻的完全抑制浓度在2.4~2.8 g/L 范围,其数值约为紫菜干体对它们的完全抑制浓度的2倍.(3)3种赤潮微藻起始藻细胞数量不超过40伊104·mL-1(对于米氏凯伦藻和中肋骨条藻来说,起始藻细胞数量可增大至60伊104·mL-1),海藻干体对3种实验微藻的半抑制浓度和完全抑制浓度均有效.(4)添加海藻干体的实验组培养液中总氮和总磷含量均明显高于对照培养液中总氮和总磷含量.其中,实验组培养液中总氮浓度为382滋g/L,总磷浓度明显低于100滋g/L.综上所述,浒苔和紫菜干体具有强烈的抑藻作用,且不会造成培养液营养加剧现象,可尝试应用于赤潮微藻的控制与治理中. 相似文献
12.
Abstract. Ingestion rates and absorption efficiencies in Gibbula umbilicaris and Jujubinus striatus feeding on green algal films, diatoms, macro-epiphytes, and dead Posidonia ocean/'ca-Ieaves have been investigated in laboratory experiments.
For both gastropod species, ingestion rates were highest in diatoms and thin green algal films as food source. G. umbilicaris exhibited significant lower consumption rates when feeding on seagrass debris or macro-epiphytes, J. striatus consumed neither Posidonia-debris nor macro-epiphytes.
Highest carbon absorption efficiencies were found in both gastropod species when feeding on diatoms and green algal films. Significantly lower efficiencies were found in G. umbilicaris when consuming seagrass debris or macro-epiphytes.
Analyses of fecal material confirmed these findings. Highest organic carbon contents were measured in fecal pellets produced after consumption of seagrass debris or macro-epiphytes reflecting the presence of structural carbohydrates. SEM examinations of feces revealed mainly diatom frustules, refractory parts of macroalgal and other plant material. Analyses of gut contents gave similar results suggesting a basically microphagous herbivory for both gastropod species.
Since seagrass debris and macro-epiphytes are not used very effectively, the high absorption efficiencies when animals feed on the microfloral component of the periphyton are discussed as possible adaptation to limited food availability. 相似文献
For both gastropod species, ingestion rates were highest in diatoms and thin green algal films as food source. G. umbilicaris exhibited significant lower consumption rates when feeding on seagrass debris or macro-epiphytes, J. striatus consumed neither Posidonia-debris nor macro-epiphytes.
Highest carbon absorption efficiencies were found in both gastropod species when feeding on diatoms and green algal films. Significantly lower efficiencies were found in G. umbilicaris when consuming seagrass debris or macro-epiphytes.
Analyses of fecal material confirmed these findings. Highest organic carbon contents were measured in fecal pellets produced after consumption of seagrass debris or macro-epiphytes reflecting the presence of structural carbohydrates. SEM examinations of feces revealed mainly diatom frustules, refractory parts of macroalgal and other plant material. Analyses of gut contents gave similar results suggesting a basically microphagous herbivory for both gastropod species.
Since seagrass debris and macro-epiphytes are not used very effectively, the high absorption efficiencies when animals feed on the microfloral component of the periphyton are discussed as possible adaptation to limited food availability. 相似文献
13.
Alain Duran Thomas C. Adam Laura Palma Shalimar Moreno Ligia Collado‐Vides Deron E. Burkepile 《Marine Ecology》2019,40(4)
Feeding behavior of coral reef fishes often determines their species‐specific ecological roles. We studied the two most common Caribbean surgeonfishes (Acanthurus coeruleus and Acanthurus tractus) to examine their species‐specific grazing rates and feeding preferences and how these differed with environmental context. We quantified the feeding activity of both surgeonfishes at four spur and groove reefs in the Florida Keys, USA, that varied in fish abundance, rugosity, algal community composition, and sediment loading. Overall, A. tractus fed twice as fast as A. coeruleus. Both species selected for turf algae but avoided feeding on turf algae that had become laden with sediment. Selectivity for upright macroalgae was more complex with A. tractus targeting Dictyota spp., while A. coeruleus avoided Dictyota spp. relative to the alga's abundance. Both species selected for epiphytes growing on other organisms such as macroalgae and sponges. However, several of these feeding patterns changed with ontogeny. For example, larger individuals of both species fed more frequently on long, sediment‐laden algal turf and less frequently on Dictyota spp. compared to smaller sized individuals. In addition, A. tractus also increased its preference for upright calcareous algae as they attained larger sizes. Overall, the disparity in feeding preferences of surgeonfishes likely indicates subtle differences in species‐specific ecological roles. Both A. coeruleus and A. tractus likely prevent development of turf algae and thus maintain algal communities in the early stages of succession. Additionally, A. tractus may also help reduce macroalgal abundance by targeting common macroalgal species. 相似文献
14.
Yukio Agatsuma Nobuyasu Nakabayashi Nobuaki Miura & Kazuya Taniguchi 《Marine Ecology》2005,26(2):100-109
To clarify the differences in the growth and gonad size of the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus among algal sere, the study was conducted in June and July, and September 1998 at three fucoid beds in Oga and at three algal turfs in Hachimori, Akita Prefecture in northern Japan. The most rapid growth was observed in a large perennial fucoid bed at the climax stage. Growth in a small perennial Chondrus ocellatus‐dominated bed in algal turfs in the seral stage was then high. The slowest growth was observed in the small perennial Dictyopteris divaricata‐ and Laurencia spp.‐dominated beds which are known to possess chemicals which act as feeding deterrents against the sea urchins. The gonad index (gonad wet weight × 100/body wet weight) at a fucoid bed was high where standing crops exceeded 3 kg·m?2. The gonad index in the Laurencia bed was lower than those at fucoid beds. These results suggest that growth and gonad production are affected by algal sere and differ among species of small perennial algae in the seral stage with or without chemical defense. 相似文献
15.
Ian Bell 《Marine Ecology》2013,34(1):43-55
This paper describes the food selection of hawksbill turtles, Eretmochelys imbricata, using reefs of the Far Northern Section of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (nGBR) during 2006 and 2007. A total of 467 gastric lavage and 71 buccal cavity ingesta items were collected from 120 individual E. imbricata, comprising adult female and immature turtles of both sexes. Nineteen E. imbricata that were captured in 2006 were recaptured and sampled again in 2007. Within the total pooled buccal and lavage sample (n = 538), the occurrence of food items was dominated (72.7%) by only three algal taxonomic divisions: Rhodophyta (red algae; 53.7%, n = 289); Chlorophyta (green algae; 11.0%, n = 59) and algae from the division of Phaeophyceae (brown algae; 8.0%, n = 43). The remaining total (buccal and lavage) ingesta sample comprised sponges (10.4%, n = 56), soft corals and a wide variety of possibly nutritionally important invertebrate species (12.6%, n = 68), and a small percentage (5.4%, n = 22) of inorganic material. Generally, E. imbricata were considered to be primarily a sponge‐feeding specialist and secondarily an omnivorous species; within coral reef habitats and in various parts of the world this is the case. However, this study has shown that E. imbricata found foraging on reefs of the nGBR are primarily algivorous and secondarily omnivorous. A feeding strategy that relies on a predominantly algal diet may infer important benefits to the species if the impacts of climate change and ocean acidification inhibit coral growth, while promoting algal density and distribution within the Great Barrier Reef ecosystem. 相似文献
16.
Chryssanthi Antoniadou 《Marine Ecology》2014,35(3):281-291
Ecological succession has been scarcely investigated on sublittoral rocky cliffs. The few relevant studies deal with the structure of the developing community and are limited to higher taxa or sessile forms. The objective of the present study was to examine succession patterns on algal‐dominated rocky cliffs both at the structural (species composition) and functional (feeding guild composition) level, using Polychaeta, a dominant taxon in this marine habitat, as a reference group. Cement panels were seasonally installed on the rocky substratum (25–30 m depth) and sampled every 3 months over a 1‐year period. Twenty‐nine polychaete species were recorded, previously reported from the surrounding benthic community, and classified into eight feeding guilds. Most species were assigned as sessile filter‐feeders; this guild dominated in abundance and biomass. A strong effect of the length of immersion and of the seasonal onset of succession on the developed communities was assessed: species composition analyses suggested convergence into a similar organization as succession proceeds, whereas the impact of starting season on succession was stronger when analysing feeding guilds. In both cases succession was faster on panels installed in winter. The main emerging patterns were in agreement with relevant surveys of the entire benthic fauna, thus supporting the efficacy of polychaetes as a surrogate group for studying ecological succession in the benthic marine environment. 相似文献
17.
于2006年5—11月对东海泉州湾赤潮监控区设定4个采样站位,进行赤潮常规监测。结果表明,泉州湾藻类优势种由中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)、太平洋海链藻(Thalassiosira pacifica)、微小原甲藻(Prorocentrum minimum)、尖刺拟菱形藻(Pseudo-nitzschia pungens)、丹麦细柱藻(Leptocylindrus danicus)及旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curvisetus)等赤潮生物组成,虽然中肋骨条藻为最主要的优势种,但有3个站位出现了上述优势种的演替。通过深入分析该海域水质营养盐含量及组成结构的动态变化对赤潮藻类优势种演替的影响,发现由于不同的赤潮藻类种群具有各自的生态习性及适应环境的生长增殖策略,海域水质营养盐含量和组成结构的变化,会引起赤潮藻类种群增殖竞争力间强弱的相对变化,而种群增殖竞争力强的种类有可能迅速增殖取代原有的优势种而演替为新的优势种,这是一个动态的过程。 相似文献
18.
Chryssanthi Antoniadou Chariton Chintiroglou 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2005,62(4):637-653
The spatial dispersion of zoobenthos from sublittoral hard substrate communities in the northern part of the Aegean Sea has been studied during summer 1997 and 1998. Material was collected by SCUBA diving, by totally scraping off five replicate quadrates (400 cm2 each) at three depth levels (15, 30, 40 m) from six sites located in Chalkidiki peninsula, plus one in Kavala Gulf. The examination of the 19,343 living specimens collected revealed the presence of 314 species. Though the multivariate analyses showed high similarity between stations, the structure of this sciaphilic algal community seems to have an increased spatial heterogeneity. Four distinct facies were recorded in accordance with the occurrence of different algal forms, the degree of hard substrate inclination and the water clarity. A short review on the biodiversity of sublittoral communities in the Mediterranean revealed the affinity between the western and the eastern basin and also among the photophilic and the sciaphilic algal communities. 相似文献
19.
Juan Emilio Sánchez-Moyano Isabel García-Asencio & José Carlos García-Gómez 《Marine Ecology》2007,28(2):324-337
The aim of this study was to establish the effect of temporal variation of the alga Caulerpa prolifera cover on the composition and stability of the associated crustacean community. Forty‐five crustacean species were found, amphipods and tanaidaceans being the most abundant groups. The stations were grouped mainly based on the gradient of algal cover, independently of location or sampling period (MDS analyses). Considering separately epifaunal and infaunal species, the epifauna occurred mainly at high cover (HC) and medium–low cover (MLC) stations, while the infauna occurred at MLC and unvegetated (UV) stations. Infaunal species were predominant in all stations and sampling periods, and the abundance and numbers of epifaunal species showed a clear dependence of algal cover. To quantify the loss of biodiversity due to the plant cover variations, we applied the average and variation in taxonomic distinctness (Δ+ and Λ+, respectively). The HC stations, especially those with fewer algal cover variations along the study period, showed few fluctuations of Δ+,and Λ+ was usually located near mean; however, UV stations tended to fall in the area where the statistical power of the test is reduced and showed more oscillations of Λ+. The ability of these indices to test the fauna composition in function of the alga presence is discussed. 相似文献
20.
《Oceanologica Acta》1998,21(5):695-708
This study deals with the colonisation of experimental Porites blocks by epilithic and endolithic algal community in two atoll lagoons and two high-island lagoons in French Polynesia, exposed to different environmental conditions during a 5-year period. A qualitative analysis of the community (cyanobacteria and micro-algae) was carried out, and the relationship between the epilithic and endolithic strata observed. HPLC analysis of chlorophyll pigments was used to quantitatively determine the plant biomass, which was then compared to that of the algal turf of neighbouring reefs. The results show that these blocks are colonised according to two factors: the reef structure (atoll or high-island) and the degree of human disturbance. The epilithic and endolithic population dynamics differ.The density of the epilithic algal community and the species diversity increase with the degree of eutrophication and the amount of borers (sea-urchins, parrotfish), while the proportion of endolithic species remains low (34 %–59 %). This is especially marked in the high-island lagoons, where leaching has caused enhanced nutrient levels. An extreme case is the station at Faaa, a highly polluted harbour, where increased sea-urchin levels (44 ind. m−2) meant that the blocks disappeared completely in less than five years due to bioerosion. In the oligotrophic waters of the atoll lagoons, the losses of CaCO3 by bioerosion do not exceed 35 % per block, and the algal community is made up mainly of endolithic species (66 %–85 %). The algal biomass is lowest in the Takapoto atolls (10–11 μg cm−2) and maximum in Tikehau atoll (23 and 56 μg cm−2). The first microborers to settle in the ecological succession of the community are the cyanobacteria. These are gradually replaced by Ostreobium (Chlorophyceae borers), which become dominant in the blocks exposed to the lowest bioerosion rate. The richness and the density of the algal turf reflect the convergence of many ecological factors: it seems that the covering of epilithic algae or the richness of endolithic flora could be used as a global indicator of the quality and the health of a reef. 相似文献