共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
通过对有关项目研究成果的分析，总结了新疆流域水资源分配模拟系统设计的基本原理与方法。其中对模拟模型的建立、模拟系统的结构与各子模块的功能及寻求合理分水方案的方法进行了详细分析与说明。 相似文献
2.
黑河流域水资源的统一管理与承载能力的提高 总被引：16，自引：12，他引：16
黑河流域中、下游水资源利用矛盾十分尖锐，利益调整也极为复杂，1999年成立了黑河流域管理局，为实现以流域为单元，进行统一规划、统一调度、统一管理，建立权威、高效、协调的流域管理体制创造了条件，并在2000年和2001年实施“全线闭口、集中下泄”全流域水资源定量分配。实践证明只要掌握山区水资源动态、实施退耕还林还草与退水、从农业节水开发流域水资源潜力，完全可以取得成功。尽管在实施国务院批准的跨省区的分水方案时，还存在诸多困难，但只要加紧采取“保护上游、整治中游、拯救下游”的综合治理、强化全流域水资源统一管理、加快流域全面节水步伐、加大科技投入等四方面措施，就能突破流域水资源瓶颈障碍，力求不增加流域消耗水量，而达到经济增长，并使流域生态系统逐步走向良性循环。 相似文献
3.
Integrated water resource management and institutional integration: realising the potential of spatial planning in England 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper explores the various dimensions of integration that need consideration in developing appropriate institutional arrangements for integrated water resource management (IWRM), drawing upon both IWRM and spatial planning sources. As a result, a framework of integration in IWRM is set out. This is then used to consider the strengths and weaknesses of the new spatial planning system in England, and its potential to contribute to IWRM activities that are being developed, partly in response to the European Union Water Framework Directive. From this analysis it is argued that, taken overall, spatial planning is well placed to meet these challenges and it could in fact play a much more central role than is currently envisaged. An alternative model for IWRM in England is set out which sees the new river basin management plans as integral, rather than parallel, to the spatial planning system. 相似文献
4.
全球地缘政治竞争回潮与资源环境危机推动国际河流水资源开发利用成为影响国家地缘安全的关键变量。通过对既有文献的梳理,发现国际河流水资源开发利用在“稀缺-冲突”范式下激化流域各国的矛盾,引发的水资源冲突联合域外势力进一步作用于国家地缘安全;在地缘安全视角下,中国国际河流的水资源开发利用经历了从“弱安全化”到“强安全化”再到“去安全化”的演进;水环境治理、水量分配及水开发利益协调是水资源开发利用中的核心议题,涉及的跨境水资源污染、水权分配以及水电开发争议等问题与国家地缘安全密切相关;东北、西北及西南三大国际河流密集区水资源开发利用方式地域分异明显,在差异化的地缘环境下带来多元的地缘安全威胁;最后基于“一带一路”及“人类命运共同体”等背景对中国未来外交提出建议。 相似文献
5.
面向国土空间规划的乡村空间治理机制与路径 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
城乡国土空间统-用途管制背景下,乡村空间治理成为国土空间治理体系的重要组成部分.从乡村空间治理的理论内涵出发,构建了乡村空间治理理论分析框架,探讨了乡村空间治理作用于国土空间规划的内在机制和可行路径.结论 如下:①乡村空间治理是以乡村空间为治理对象,通过规划和协商等方式,实现乡村空间用途有效管制,空间权利有序配置,凸显... 相似文献
6.
基于公平合理利用视角,将多准则决策模型与破产理论相结合探讨跨境水资源分配问题。通过梳理国际水法,设计了跨境流域水资源公平合理分配的指标体系,采用投影法解决这一多准则决策问题,并依此加权调整流域国用水需求。在加权调整用水需求和考虑议价能力的基础上,基于破产博弈模型探讨跨境流域水资源分配问题,以提高分配方案的公平合理性和可接受性。最后以澜沧江-湄公河流域的水资源分配为例进行研究,得到了澜沧江-湄公河旱季的水资源分配方案,并分析了需求加权调整系数对各流域国水资源分配的影响,进一步验证了分配模型的可靠性。 相似文献
7.
The Mekong River Commission: transboundary water resources planning and regional security 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Jacobs JW 《The Geographical journal》2002,168(4):354-364
The Mekong River Commission (MRC) was established in 1995 and represents a third chapter in the Mekong Project's organizational history. The MRC's predecessors – the Mekong Committee (1957–78) and the Interim Mekong Committee (1978–95) – operated under difficult circumstances, yet made many contributions to transboundary river basin planning and international diplomacy. The MRC's 2001 Work Programme represents a shift in Mekong basin planning from the era of the Mekong Committee. This shift is largely embodied by a change from a project–oriented focus to an emphasis on better management and preservation of existing resources. The MRC is in a position to help address the related issues of population growth, environmental preservation and regional security. In doing so, the MRC will benefit from the programmes and international collaboration established by its predecessors. 相似文献
8.
塔里木河是我国最大的内陆河,也是南疆各族人民的母亲河,对其水资源研究的脉络梳理有助于指导当前和未来一段历史时期的水资源研究方向,为水资源合理优化配置提供理论依据,促进南疆经济发展与社会稳定。针对塔里木河流域水资源问题的研究从时间脉络上大致可划分为三个阶段。20世纪50年代之前,主要是中国的历史典籍、自然地理图志和近代国外探险家的探险历程,如实记录了塔里木河的水系变迁和自然风貌,间接反映了流域水资源受到自然-人类活动影响的缓慢变化;20世纪50年代-90年代,随着南疆大规模开发,水资源研究逐渐聚焦于水资源的合理配置与有效管理,其主要针对的是近几十年来人类活动加剧造成的流域内水资源短缺、生态恶化、水资源管理混乱等一系列相关问题;21世纪以来,由于气候变化和人类活动影响造成的塔里木河水文过程变化、水资源承载力及供需矛盾、地下水资源利用与保护等逐渐成为塔里木河水资源研究的新热点。本文在系统梳理三个阶段的研究成果后,进一步提出了未来塔里木河流域水资源研究应的重点关注方向,包括生态调度、水权配置与生态补偿、跨流域调水等。 相似文献
9.
10.
Peter Crabb 《The Australian geographer》1988,19(1):64-88
Within the Murray‐Darling Basin lie Australia's most important water and land resources as well as some of the country's most serious resource management problems. This paper summarises the importance of the resource‐based industries, especially agriculture. The major agricultural and water resource problems are outlined, with most attention being paid to salinity. Critical to the problems and their solution are the institutional arrangements for the management of this large interstate river basin. The River Murray Waters Agreement, dating from 1914, has had limited success in tackling the basin's problems, because of its limited geographical and functional scope, especially in the area of water quality. The growing severity of the latter problems, especially salinity, resulted in the 1987 signing of the Murray‐Darling Basin Agreement to promote and coordinate the management of the basin's water, land and environmental resources. As it is concerned with the basin as a whole, its success is dependent on the full cooperation of the Commonwealth and three state governments involved. 相似文献
11.
Planning for source water protection in Ontario 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Ontario began developing a drinking water source protection planning process in 2000, after a rural community's water supply was contaminated by pathogens from agricultural runoff. An expert committee report has recommended legislating a new source protection “sphere of jurisdiction” for municipalities; however, no specific new municipal tools or authorities have been proposed as yet. This paper reports findings from an evaluation of the extent to which existing institutional arrangements for land use planning and water management facilitate or constrain source protection by municipalities. A case study of the Regional Municipality of Waterloo suggests there is the potential to link land use planning more strongly to water management through creative use of existing tools, forgoing the need for major institutional changes. 相似文献
12.
基于塔里木河干流1957-2017年阿拉尔断面、英巴扎断面、恰拉断面来水量特征,首先初步分析塔里木河干流上、中、下游的耗水特征,并基于干流断流和生态输水时间节点,进一步分析1957-1972年、1973-2000年、2001-2017年上中下游各区间段耗水特征,根据这些历史数据变化,从管理角度判别上中下游较为合理的水量分配策略;其次,重点指出塔里木河干流在明确定位为生态河流背景下,未来水量调配精细化管理面临的主要三大基础性问题：灌区耕地面积不清、生态和农业用水量不清、水文数据存在偏差等,并指出问题产生的原因背景,以及从流域水资源管理体制机制上给出相关解决的建议。明确认识到目前塔里木河干流水资源分配利用存在的问题,是未来解决好流域生态环境的关键,通过这些问题的探讨藉此引起更多理性关注,对未来推动塔里木河流域生态环境改善的精细化管理具有重要意义。 相似文献
13.
Surface water quality assessment is a basic and critical tool for informing sustainable management of water resources. The
aim of this study is to evaluate the reservoir and river water quality of the Cauvery River in the vicinity of the Krishna
Raja Sagar Dam, Karnataka, India. The results will assist water management in the study area for varied future demands including,
irrigation, industries, and river conservation. Ecologically important parameters such as dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen
demand, biochemical oxygen demand, and physico-chemical parameters were analyzed. The results were compared with standard
permissible limits. The differences in various parameters were statistically significant (P < 0.01) when comparing the upstream and downstream stretches of the river, particularly in summer. To identify a good technique
for water quality assessment, all of the water quality parameters have been calculated by correlating various parameters and
comparing them over two critical dry seasons. The dendrogram of the water-quality parameters clearly indicate that river water
is safe for drinking, fishing, irrigation, and industrial purposes. 相似文献
14.
Runoff in the source region of a river makes up most of water resources in the whole basin in arid and semi-arid areas. It is very important for water resources management to timely master the latest dynamic changes of the runoff and quantitatively reveal its main driving factors. This paper aims to discover the variation heterogeneity of runoff and the impacts of climatic factors on this runoff in the source region of the Yellow River(SRYR) in China from 1961 to 2016. We divided SRYR into four sub-regions, and analyzed changes of their contributions to total runoff in SRYR. We also revealed the impacts of precipitation, temperature and potential evapotranspiration on runoff in each sub-region by constructing the regression relationships between them at multiple temporal scales. The changes of runoff in the four sub-regions and their contributions to the total runoff were not exactly consistent. The climatic variables’ changes also have heterogeneity, and runoff was mainly affected by precipitation compared to influences of temperature or potential evapotranspiration. Their impacts on runoff have spatiotemporal heterogeneity and can be reflected by very significant-linear regression equations.It provided a simple method to predict headwater runoff for better water management in the whole basin. 相似文献
15.
黄淮海平原河道基本环境需水研究 总被引：30，自引：3，他引：27
针对我国北方地区水环境中最突出的污染问题,以满足河流最基本的稀释自净功能为目的,提出了一种计算河道基本环境需水量的方法,即月(年)保证率设定法,并以黄淮海平原为例,进行实证分析。结果是黄淮海平原总的河道环境需水最小为2176亿m3,约占多年平均径流量的15%,其中海河流域309亿m3、黄河下游52亿m3、淮河流域片1347亿m3。通过Tennant法验证,说明计算结果可靠。本文的研究不仅丰富了生态(环境)需水的理论内涵,为河道生态(环境)需水的进一步研究打下了良好的基础,同时为研究区水资源规划、水环境保护提供了有力的依据 相似文献
16.
基于生态水文调控的流域综合管理研究综述 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
在全球气候变化与人类活动的双重影响下,流域水与生态等问题将更加突出、相互交织,是当前亟需解决的影响和制约世界各国可持续发展的瓶颈问题。基于对流域综合管理概念内涵的理解,以生态水文学理论和基于自然的水资源解决方案的理念为指导,提出了基于生态水文调控的流域综合管理概念与内涵,着重阐述了其核心内容：① 理论方法——流域生态水文调控原理与方法;② 应用实践——面向生态-社会协调可持续的流域水资源综合管理。将丰富和发展流域综合管理理论方法与技术体系,提升流域综合管理的实效性和整体水平。 相似文献
17.
石羊河流域水资源利用和生态环境保护对策 总被引：14，自引：5，他引：9
石羊河流域是我各国西北干旱地区的一个重要流域,由于流域水资源的过度开发利用与不合理配置,造成下游地区植被衰败,沙漠化问题十分突出,流域整治和生态环境保护迫在眉睫。本文通过对石羊河流域水资源利用、地下水位下降、土壤盐渍化、植被衰退和土地沙漠化之间的相互作用关系的分析,提出了保证石羊河流域生态用水以防止生态环境劣变和促进流域生态系统良性循环的水资源管理的具体对策建议。 相似文献
18.
Andrew F. Casper Barnali DixonEric T. Steimle Mike L. HallRobyn N. Conmy 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2012,32(2):455-464
While the spatial heterogeneity of many aquatic ecosystems is acknowledged, rivers are often mistakenly described as homogenous and well-mixed. The collection and visualization of attributes like water quality is key to our perception and management of these ecosystems. The assumption of homogeneity can lead to the conclusion that data collection from discrete, discontinuous points in space or time provide a comprehensive estimate of condition. To counter this perception, we combined high-density data collection with spatial interpolation techniques to created two-dimensional maps of water quality. Maps of four riverine transitions and habitats - wetland to urban, river to reservoir, river to estuary and a groundwater intrusion - were constructed from the continuous data. The examples provided show that the most basic water quality parameters - temperature, conductivity, salinity, turbidity, and chlorophyll florescence - are heterogeneous at spatial scales smaller than those captured by common point sampling statistical strategies. The 2-dimensional, interpolation-based maps of the Hillsborough River (Tampa, FL) show significant influences of a variety of geographic features including tributary confluences, submarine groundwater inflow, and riparian interfaces. We conclude that many sampling strategies do not account for the type of patchy heterogeneity observed. The integration of existing in-situ sensors, inexpensive autonomous sampling platforms, and geospatial mapping techniques provides high resolution visualization that can adds a more comprehensive geographic perspective needed for environmental monitoring and assessment programs. 相似文献
19.
A water management assessment for the Selenga basin is made. The territorial-sectoral utilization of water for separate areas of the basin is considered. The influence of discharged waste waters on the river runoff is demonstrated. 相似文献
20.
黑河“97”分水方案适应性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
黑河"97"分水方案自2000年实施以来,流入下游水量明显增加,缓解了下游生态环境恶化趋势,但在丰水年难以完成分水指标,其适应性受到各方关注。本文在分析"97"分水方案的技术特点及背景条件变化对分水方案适应性影响的基础上,通过构建黑河水资源配置模拟模型,对分水方案在不同需水条件和黄藏寺水库建成运行后长系列年(1958-2012年)实施情况进行了模拟,分析评价了黑河"97"分水方案的适应性。研究表明,由于分水方案制定和实施前后黑河经济社会、水系连通性等背景条件发生了较大变化,在现状工程和需水条件下,不能完成"97"分水方案的分水要求;在中游退耕至2000年水平和黄藏寺水库建成的情况下,虽然可以完成"97"分水方案的分水要求,但仍存在地下水超采情况,因此,基于20世纪80年代中期黑河经济社会和1955-1986年水文条件的"97"分水方案与黑河流域现状存在一定的不适应性。 相似文献