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本实验室于2004年采样自广东深圳下沙鲍鱼场变白掉板杂色鲍苗以及官湖养殖场健康鲍苗,各分离到16和34株弧菌,并对其胞外产物进行了比较分析。结果表明,官湖场健康鲍苗弧菌与下沙场患病鲍苗弧菌相比,前者20.59%(7株)菌株虽不分泌胞外酶但具溶血活性,余之菌株(64.71%,22株)或分泌酶和/或具溶血活性,但同时兼具蛋白酶、明胶酶、卵磷脂酶、脂肪酶和溶血活性的极少(5.88%,2株);后者则所有菌株均分泌胞外酶和/或具溶血活性,25.00%(4株)菌株能分泌四种酶及具溶血毒性,其余菌株(68.75%,11株)可分泌多种酶和/或具溶血活性。结果揭示,下沙鲍鱼场患病鲍苗弧菌分泌胞外酶和具溶血活性的能力明显强于官湖场健康鲍苗弧菌的,同时认为菌株X99-2和X100-8与下沙鲍苗病害潜在相关。 相似文献
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自1999～2001年在三亚市渔业贸易公司龙坡鲍鱼基地对热带、亚热带暖水型杂色鲍(Haliotisdiversicolor)三倍体诱导进行了初步探索研究 ,采用冷休克抑制第二极体方法获得MII三倍体杂色鲍的胚胎、鲍苗及成鲍 ,并比较了低温 :3 ,9 ,13 ,15℃及低温与药物相结合两种方式的变化情况 ,结果表明在水温13℃并结合药物刺激方法产生的三倍成活率、倍化率都比较高 ,适合于产业化推广。在2001年3～4月用此方法共培育MII三倍体杂色鲍1.4×105粒。三倍体与二倍体杂色鲍相比 ,在生长速度、成活率及出肉率方面都有明显的优势 相似文献
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研究了杂色鲍(Haliotis diversicolorReeve)鲍苗脱落死亡周期中水质、硅藻和细菌变化情况。结果显示,鲍苗脱落前各水质指标无明显变化,脱落前硅藻数量大幅度增加,以卵形藻(Cocconeisspp.)和舟形藻(Naviculaspp.)为主要种类。同时发现一株可疑致病菌,初步鉴定为溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)。实验表明水质等相关因子与鲍苗脱落无直接关系,而硅藻很可能是致病菌的“载体”,整个附着膜微环境与鲍苗存亡息息相关。 相似文献
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厦门沿岸海域杂色鲍中产琼胶酶菌株的筛选及其酶学性质的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
琼胶酶在食品工业中的多糖降解中有着重要的作用,其经济价值日益凸显,从海洋生物中筛选琼胶酶菌株是获得琼胶酶的一种重要途径.从厦门沿岸海域养殖杂色鲍鱼体内分离得到5株产高效琼胶酶的菌株,其中最高的酶活力达到133.5 U/dm3.经16S rRNA序列分析表明这5株菌株分别属于弧菌属（Vibrio）和假交替单胞菌属（Pseudoa lteromonas）.采用DNS法对这些菌株所产的琼胶酶进行酶学性质研究,结果显示这些酶的最适作用温度均为50℃,最适作用pH值为7.0;Na＋可使A017菌株所产的琼胶酶酶活力提高5倍,Fe2＋对A007、A008、A010、A021菌株所产的琼胶酶酶活力有明显的抑制作用. 相似文献
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Chen Mu Lu Haokui Zhuang Qiqian Gao Shangwu Chen Shijie Chen Bingneng Xie Kaien and Wu Xiuyu 《海洋科学集刊》1976,(11):185-200
鲍是一类经济价值很高的海产软软体动物,也是我国海产药用生物的重要种类之一。鲍的足部相当发达,占体重40%左右;堪称海味之冠。鲍売又名石决明,是我国医药史上应用很早的药品,具有平肝明目的显著功效。
杂色鲍(Haliotis diversicolor Reeve)在我国广东、福建、台湾都有分布,但数量不大；福建沿海主要分布于东山和平潭两地,漳浦、龙海、晋江近海也有,数量亦很少。杂色鲍对栖息环境有一定的选择能力,一般栖息于低潮区至水深20米左右,潮流畅通、水色清晰、海藻繁茂的岩礁地带;有淡水注入、透明度低的河口或泥沙质底则不适于鲍的生长,因而鲍的分布比较集中于某些特殊海区。
由于鲍的经济价值高,产鲍国家十分重视研究鲍的增殖。在这方面,日本的有关工作者做了较多的工作,他们已由自然采捕发展到蓄养、移殖以至近10年来的人工控制采苗和重要种的养殖。日本的村山(1935)研究了Haliotis gigantean的早期幼体发育过程,猪野(1953)研究了H. discus和H. sieboldii的增殖生物学,大场(1964)报告了H.diversicolor supertexta 的增殖基础,同年菊地对皱纹盘鮑H. discus hannai 的生活史及幼鲍的饲养也进行了研究。
我国过去对鲍的研究做的较少,1958年,沿海产鮑区渔民和有关研究机构曾经开展过鲍的人工育苗、移殖以及人工养殖试验,为进一步开展鲍的养殖工作积累了宝贵的经验。无产阶级文化大革命以来,在毛主席的革命路线指引下,鲍的研究工作有了新的进展。1970年6月,在福建省商业局、水产局和东山县革命委员会的领导下,在东山县开展了杂色鲍人工育苗和养殖试验,于1971年首次在国内培育出杂色鲍苗;1972-1973年进一步探索了杂色鲍的繁殖规律、生态习性,同时对辽宁产的皱纹盘鲍进行了南移和人工育苗的研究。本文即是这些研究工作中的一部分,其它部分今后将陆续发表。 相似文献
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为研究青鱼暴发性死亡原因,从病症典型青鱼(Mylopharyngodon piceus)肌肉、肝脏和肾脏处进行细菌接种,分离获得一株细菌(HZ2015),对其进行了形态观察、生化特性检测和16S r RNA序列分析,通过动物回归实验、毒力检测和药敏试验了解其对青鱼的致病性、毒力及药物敏感性。所得菌株为类志贺邻单胞菌(Plesiomonas shigelloides),动物回归实验能复制出类似症状,且能从体内再次分离到该菌株;分离株对小鼠的半数致死量(LD50)为106.6 CFU;对头孢呋辛、头孢哌酮、庆大霉素、卡那霉素、复达欣高度敏感。研究表明,菌株HZ2015为青鱼体表溃烂病病原,本研究系类志贺邻单胞菌致青鱼体表溃烂病的首次报道。 相似文献
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《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(4):383-394
Abalone feed in South Africa is mainly produced from locally sourced grains and has soy or fishmeal as a protein source. Contamination with fungal species associated with grain-based animal feed is, therefore, a predictable risk. Various Fusarium, Penicillium and Aspergillus species are known to produce mycotoxins when colonising grains. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of toxigenic fungal species in the ingredients of compound abalone feeds as well as in final abalone-feed products. In this study, 248 fungal isolates were obtained from feed ingredients and compound abalone feeds collected from three different South African abalone farms and one feed supplier. Morphological and multigene phylogenetic analyses were used to identify the fungi isolated. Fusarium, Penicillium and Aspergillus species were consistently isolated. The presence of these species does not always result in mycotoxin contamination. 相似文献
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《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(2):207-236
The management of abalone stocks worldwide is complicated by factors such as illegal fishing combined with the difficulties of assessing a sedentary (but not immobile) resource that is often patchily distributed. The South African abalone Haliotis midae fishery is faced with an additional problem in the form of a relatively recent movement of rock lobsters Jasus lalandii into much of the range of the abalone. The lobsters have heavily reduced sea urchin Parechinus angulosus populations, thereby indirectly negatively impacting juvenile abalone which rely on the urchins for shelter. A model is developed for abalone that is an extension of more standard age-structured assessment models because it explicitly takes spatial effects into account, incorporates the ecosystem change effect described above and estimates the magnitude of substantial illegal (‘poached’) catches. The model is simultaneously fitted to catch per unit effort and Fishery-Independent Abalone Survey abundance data, as well as to several years of catch-at-age (cohort-sliced from catch-at-size) data for the various components of the fishery and different spatial strata. It constitutes the first quantitative approach applied to the management of this commercially valuable resource in South Africa and has provided a basis for management advice over recent years by projecting abundance trends under alternative future catch levels. 相似文献
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九孔鲍肠道及其养殖水体中异养细菌产酶能力的分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2002年5月从汕尾健生鲍鱼场养殖水体和成鲍肠道中分离筛选到26株异养细菌,其中11株来自成鲍肠道,15株来自养殖水体。对它们产胞外酶的能力进行了比较分析。结果表明肠道异养细菌中有72.7%能分泌蛋白酶、淀粉酶或明胶酶,9.1%分泌脂肪酶,45.5%分泌卵磷脂酶;水体异养细菌中则有46.7%能分泌蛋白酶或脂肪酶,66.7%分泌卵磷脂酶、淀粉酶或明胶酶。比较发现,肠道中脂肪酶或卵磷脂酶生产菌的比例小于水体异养细菌的比例;而蛋白酶、淀粉酶或明胶酶生产菌的比例却高于水体中异养细菌的比例。另外,水体异养细菌分泌多种胞外酶的能力强于肠道异养细菌。由此揭示现有鲍鱼肠道菌群结构的不完善,进而为通过添加有益菌而提高鲍鱼饲料利用率提供了可能。 相似文献
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高温胁迫下皱纹盘鲍不同养殖群体心率变化比较 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
高温是海水贝类度夏死亡的环境诱因之一。本研究应用一种非损伤性的心率检测方法,检测两个皱纹盘鲍养殖群体在高温胁迫条件下心率等生理指标的变化,尝试以心率变化指标比较这两个群体高温耐受能力。由于高温胁迫下皱纹盘鲍的心率随温度变化的关系符合阿伦尼乌斯(Arrhenius)公式,且心率随温度上升呈先上升后下降趋势,该研究通过计算两者直线拟合拐点即阿伦尼乌斯拐点温度(ABT,Arrhenius break temperatures)指标,用以指示皱纹盘鲍温度耐受程度。以此法对皱纹盘鲍两个群体(高温耐性,对照)各17个个体进行了测定分析,结果表明:两个群体间的ABT存在显著差异,高温耐性组的皱纹盘鲍的ABT显著高于对照组(P0.05);个体ABT指标的高低与测定个体的壳高呈正相关(P0.05)。本研究首次将探讨了高温胁迫下皱纹盘鲍心率变化规律,并以ABT为指标分析比较了两个皱纹盘鲍养殖群体间高温耐受能力,结果对研究皱纹盘鲍和其它贝类温度胁迫下生理响应及抗逆选育具一定借鉴意义。 相似文献
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T Horiguchi N Takiguchi H S Cho M Kojima M Kaya H Shiraishi M Morita H Hirose M Shimizu 《Marine environmental research》2000,50(1-5):223-229
Histological examination of gonads as well as chemical analysis of organotin compounds in tissues of the giant abalone, Haliotis madaka, was conducted to evaluate possible endocrine disruption and to consider the causal factors for the decline of abalone stocks in Japan. Abalone specimens were collected from two different areas, Tsushima as a reference site and Jogashima as a site representative of declining abalone populations, each month from September 1995 to November 1996. Scores were given to the development stages of reproductive cells in the ovary and testis. The degree of sexual maturation was evaluated by calculating the mean value of a histogram of these scores for the reproductive cells of each abalone. The temporal variations in degree of sexual maturation showed that female and male abalone from Tsushima matured synchronously, while those from Jogashima did not. The observed maximum reproductive developmental score in abalone from Jogashima was much lower than that from Tsushima, because immature females were present at the former site throughout the spawing season. Approximately 20% of the abalone from Jogashima were masculinized females with an ovo-testis. The masculinization of female abalone was similar to the imposex, typically induced in other gastropod molluscs by tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPhT) from antifouling paints. Concentrations of TBT and TPhT in the muscles of abalone from Jogashima (n = 83) of 4.9 +/- 4.4 ng/g wet wt and 6.3 +/- 6.6 ng/g wet wt, respectively, were significantly higher than those from Tsushima (n = 125) (P < 0.01) of 0.8 +/- 0.8 ng/g wet wt and 0.6 +/- 1.3 ng/g wet wt, respectively. In situ exposure of abalone from Tsushima caged near a dockyard in Jogashima for 7 months (from the immature to the mature stage) resulted in spermatogenesis in the ovary of approximately 90% of females. Endocrine disruption may be caused in the giant abalone by organotin compounds from antifouling paints, which are possibly one of the causal factors for the decline of Japanese abalone stocks. 相似文献
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皱纹盘鲍主要器官的亚显微结构 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对皱纹盘鲍的胃、直肠、消化腺、肾、鳃、心脏、外套膜、足等器官的亚显微结构进行了研究。结果表明 :(1 )各消化器官的组织结构中富含酶原颗粒和分泌颗粒 ,这些颗粒具有消化和抗病的功能 ;(2 )鳃和心肌的组织结构中富含线粒体 ,这与其活动量大密切相关 ;(3 )外套膜的组织结构中富含分泌颗粒 ,这些颗粒物质参与贝壳的形成和体液免疫 ;(4)肾实质中静脉呈网状分布 ,这与体液的有效过滤有关 ;(5 )腹足的肌纤维成束 ,并形成三维的网状结构 ,以适应匍匐与吸附的生活方式 相似文献
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Prawn postlarvae fishing in coastal Bangladesh: Challenges for sustainable livelihoods 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Fishing for prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) postlarvae is a major contributor to the livelihoods of the coastal poor in Bangladesh, including women. A study of coastal livelihoods along the lower Pasur River in southwest Bangladesh indicates that on average 40% of total annual income comes from postlarvae fishing during the few months involved. However, indiscriminate fishing of wild postlarvae, with high levels of by-catch, has an impact on biodiversity in coastal ecosystems. This has provoked imposition of restrictions on postlarvae collection. The ban has, however, not been firmly enforced because of the lack of alternative livelihoods for coastal poor. A conceptual framework, drawn from an approach to poverty reduction known as the sustainable livelihoods approach, is applied to understanding the role of prawn postlarvae fishing. Evidence from this study suggests that postlarvae fishers faced a number of livelihood constraints, including poor livelihood assets. This paper concludes that wider livelihood options need to be found for postlarvae fishers to support their livelihoods. 相似文献
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中国对虾早期性别分化研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
自20世纪80年代初期，对虾的工厂化育苗获得成功，使对虾养殖业得到长足的发展。为此，科学家们围绕对虾人工养殖，在对虾的性腺发育、性腺成熟等方面进行了研究(洪水根等，1988；李怀梅等，1994)。由于养殖水域的过度开发，养殖环境的恶化，养殖种类的病害越来越严重地影响着水产养殖业的发展。显然，要维持水产养殖业的持续发展，必须通过一些遗传改良技术对现有养殖品种进行遗传改良，从而获得性状优良的养殖品种。目前较为行之有效的方法是对对虾的性别进行控制，获得对虾雌性比例高的种群，才能有效地提高养殖产量，因而对对虾性别控制研究具有重要的意义。脊椎动物激素可引起鱼类发生性别反转，但是，对对虾的性别反转不起作用。利用激素饲喂或浸泡幼小动物可以引起性反转，已完成性分化的鱼苗不能进行性反转，只能抑制或促进性别特征的发育。促雄腺对对虾的外部性征发育起着重要的作用(李富花等，1996)，对对虾早期性别分化进行研究是成功进行人工性别控制的基础。目前有关对虾早期性别分化的研究报道很少(尹左芬等，1986；Nakamura，1992)。本文利用扫描电镜和组织学切片观察相结合的方法，研究了中国对虾的早期性别分化情况，为中国对虾性别控制硏究奠定了基础。 相似文献