Spatial Analysis of the Soil Carbon Sequestration Potential of Crop-residue Return in China Based on Model Simulation     

CHEN Jinghua  WANG Shaoqiang  Florian KRAXNER  Juraj BALKOVIC  XU Xiyan  SUN Leigang 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2019,10(2):184-195

Crop-residue return is a recommended practice for soil and nutrient management and is important in soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration and CO₂ mitigation. We applied a process-based Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model to simulate the spatial pattern of topsoil organic carbon changes from 2001 to 2010 under 4 crop-residue return scenarios in China. The carbon loss (28.89 Tg yr^-1) with all crop-residue removal (CR0%) was partly reduced by 22.38 Tg C yr^-1 under the status quo CR30% (30% of crop-residue return). The topsoil in cropland of China would become a net carbon sink if the crop-residue return rate was increased from 30% to 50%, or even 75%. The national SOC sequestration potential of cropland was estimated to be 25.53 Tg C yr^-1 in CR50% and 52.85 Tg C yr^-1 in CR75%, but with high spatial variability across regions. The highest rate of SOC sequestration potential in density occurred in Northwest and North China while the lowest was in East China. Croplands in North China tended to have stronger regional SOC sequestration potential in storage. During the decade, the reduced CO₂ emissions from enhanced topsoil carbon in CR50% and CR75% were equivalent to 1.4% and 2.9% of the total CO₂ emissions from fossil fuels and cement production in China, respectively. In conclusion, we recommend encouraging farmers to return crop-residue instead of burning in order to improve soil properties and alleviate atmospheric CO₂ rises, especially in North China.  相似文献   

Soil Respiration Dynamics and Influencing Factors in Typical Steppe of Inner Mongolia under Long-term Nitrogen Addition     

DU Wei  WU Shanmei  NIE Cheng  LI Yue  SHAO Rui  LIU Yinghui  SUN Nan 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2019,10(2):155-162

We investigated soil respiration (Rs) dynamics and influencing factors under different nitrogen (N) addition levels (0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 g m^-2 yr^-1) on typical grassland plots in Inner Mongolia. We measured soil respiration, temperature, moisture and nutrients. We found that N addition did not change dynamic characteristics of Rs; daily and seasonal dynamics followed a single peak curve. N addition reduced Rs during the growing season. Rs under N2, N4, N8, N16 and N32 treatments decreased by 24.00%, 21.93%, 23.49%, 30.78% and 28.20% in the growing season, respectively, compared to the N0 treatment. However, Rs in the non-growing season was not different across treatments. Rs was significantly positively correlated with soil temperature and moisture and these two factors accounted for 72%-97% and 74%-82% of variation in Rs, respectively. The soil respiration temperature sensitivity (Q₁₀) was between 2.27 and 4.16 and N addition reduced Q₁₀ except in the N8 treatment.  相似文献   

放牧对呼伦贝尔典型草原植物生物量分配及土壤养分含量的影响     

王晓光  乌云娜  霍光伟  宋彦涛  张凤杰 《中国沙漠》2018,38(6):1230-1236

在内蒙古呼伦贝尔草原克鲁伦河流域选取轻度、中度和重度3个放牧区研究植物地上和地下生物量、根冠比及土壤有机质、氮、磷等养分含量对放牧强度的响应。结果表明:重度放牧区的地上生物量(89.73 g·m^-2)显著低于轻度(565. 61 g·m^-2)和中度放牧区(488. 92 g·m^-2),地下生物量(1 029. 90 g·m^-2)则显著高于轻度(604.92 g·m^-2)和中度放牧区(418.38 g·m^-2)。重度放牧区的根冠比为11.54,显著高于轻度(1.11)和中度放牧区(0.89)。土壤有机质及各养分含量随着放牧强度的增加先显著降低而后显著增大,中度放牧区的养分含量最低。  相似文献   

退化和恢复过程驱动的荒漠草地生态系统有机碳密度变化     

于钊  李奇铮  王培源  蒋齐 《中国沙漠》2022,42(2):215-222

荒漠草地是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,研究退化和恢复荒漠草地生态系统碳密度的变化特征,是精确评估荒漠草地在全球气候变化中作用的关键,也能为中国碳达峰和碳中和提供数据支撑和理论依据.通过野外调查取样和室内分析,研究了腾格里沙漠南缘天然荒漠草地、重度退化荒漠草地和通过植被建设恢复良好的人工-天然荒漠草地的生态系统碳密度,主...  相似文献   

A Meta-analysis of the Effects of Warming and Elevated CO2 on Soil Microbes     

FU Gang  ZHANG Haorui  LI Shaowei  SUN Wei 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2019,10(1):69-76

Soil microbes play important roles in terrestrial ecosystem carbon and nitrogen cycling. Climatic warming and elevated CO₂ are two aspects of climatic change. In this study, we used a meta-analysis approach to synthesise observations related to the effects of warming and elevated CO₂ on soil microbial biomass and community structure. Ecosystem types were mainly grouped into forests and grasslands. Warming methods included open top chambers and infrared radiators. Experimental settings included all-day warming, daytime warming and nighttime warming. Warming increased soil actinomycetes and saprotrophic fungi, while elevated CO₂ decreased soil gram-positive bacteria (G⁺). Mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation were negatively correlated with warming effects on gram-negative bacteria (G^-) and total phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA), respectively. Elevation was positively correlated with the warming effect on total PLFA, bacteria, G⁺ and G^-. Grassland exhibited a positive response of total PLFA and actinomycetes to warming, while forest exhibited a positive response in the ratio of soil fungi to bacteria (F/B ratio) to warming. The open top chamber method increased G^-, while the infrared radiator method decreased the F/B ratio. Daytime warming rather than all-day warming increased G^-. Our findings indicated that the effects of warming on soil microbes differed with ecosystem types, warming methods, warming times, elevation and local climate conditions.  相似文献   

大兴安岭多年冻土区森林土壤温室气体通量   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴祥文  臧淑英  马大龙  任建华  李昊  赵光影 《地理学报》2020,75(11):2319-2331

多年冻土温室气体排放对全球气候变化有重要影响。采用静态暗箱—气相色谱法,于2016—2017年生长季（5—9月）,对大兴安岭多年冻土区兴安落叶松林、樟子松林和白桦林土壤二氧化碳（CO₂）、甲烷（CH₄）和氧化亚氮（N₂O）通量进行野外原位观测,对比分析温室气体通量的动态变化特征及其关键影响因子。结果表明：3种林型土壤CO₂通量范围为65.88~883.59 mg·m^-2·h^-1;CH₄通量范围为-93.29~-2.82 μg·m^-2·h^-1;N₂O通量范围为-5.31~45.22 μg·m^-2·h^-1。整个生长季兴安落叶松林、樟子松林和白桦林土壤均表现为CO₂、N₂O的排放源、CH₄的吸收汇,土壤CO₂和CH₄通量在不同林型和年际间差异显著。3种林型土壤CO₂通量与5 cm、10 cm和15 cm土壤温度呈极显著正相关（P < 0.01）;CH₄通量受土壤含水量和10 cm、15 cm土壤温度的影响较大（P < 0.05）;兴安落叶松林和樟子松林土壤N₂O通量与气温呈显著正相关（P < 0.05）,而白桦林土壤N₂O则与15 cm土壤温度呈显著负相关（P < 0.05）。基于100 a时间尺度计算温室气体全球综合增温潜势,3种林型土壤温室气体的排放对气候变暖具有正反馈作用。  相似文献   

铵态氮沉降对内蒙古呼伦贝尔草地CO_2通量的影响（英文）     

刘杏认  张雷明  张彩虹  任建强  李胜功 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2015,6(3):129-138

大气氮沉降可能会影响陆地生态系统的碳通量。本文主要目的是探讨在氮素缺乏的草地生态系统中,氮素添加是否会增加CO2通量。本研究于2008和2009生长季进行,采用静态箱-气相色谱法研究CO2通量对氮沉降增加的响应。结果表明,2年的氮素添加并没有显著影响土壤NH4+含量,NO3-含量只是在2009年生长季后期有所增加。高氮处理增加了CO2通量,而低氮处理在2008年抑制了CO2通量,2009年后期增加了CO2通量。而且氮素添加显著增加了地上生物量和根系的生物量。CO2通量与土壤水分、土壤温度的关系并没有因为氮素的添加而改变,但是氮素添加增加了CO2通量对土壤水分和土壤温度的敏感性。这些结果表明,在未来大气氮沉降增加的背景下,呼伦贝尔草甸草原CO2通量有可能会增加。  相似文献   

Biophysical Regulation of Carbon Flux in Different Rainfall Regime in a Northern Tibetan Alpine Meadow     

CHAI Xi  SHI Peili  ZONG Ning  NIU Ben  HE Yongtao  ZHANG Xianzhou 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2017,8(1):30-41

Inter-annual variability in total precipitation can lead to significant changes in carbon flux. In this study, we used the eddy covariance (EC) technique to measure the net CO₂ ecosystem exchange (NEE) of an alpine meadow in the northern Tibetan Plateau. In 2005 the meadow had precipitation of 489.9 mm and in 2006 precipitation of 241.1 mm, which, respectively, represent normal and dry years as compared to the mean annual precipitation of 476 mm. The EC measured NEE was 87.70 g C m^-2 yr^-1 in 2006 and -2.35 g C m^-2 yr^-1 in 2005. Therefore, the grassland was carbon neutral to the atmosphere in the normal year, while it was a carbon source in the dry year, indicating this ecosystem will become a CO₂ source if climate warming results in more drought conditions. The drought conditions in the dry year limited gross ecosystem CO₂ exchange (GEE), leaf area index (LAI) and the duration of ecosystem carbon uptake. During the peak of growing season the maximum daily rate of NEE and P_max and α were approximately 30%-50% of those of the normal year. GEE and NEE were strongly related to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) on half-hourly scale, but this relationship was confounded by air temperature (T_a), soil water content (SWC) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD). The absolute values of NEE declined with higher T_a, higher VPD and lower SWC conditions. Beyond the appropriate range of PAR, high solar radiation exacerbated soil water conditions and thus reduced daytime NEE. Optimal T_a and VPD for maximum daytime NEE were 12.7℃ and 0.42 KPa respectively, and the absolute values of NEE increased with SWC. Variation in LAI explained around 77% of the change in GEE and NEE. Variations in R_e were mainly controlled by soil temperature (T_s), whereas soil water content regulated the responses of Re to T_s.  相似文献   

Catch Crop Known to Decrease N-leaching also Counteracts Soil CO2 Emissions     

Marie MATTSSON  Marie MAGNHEDEN  Siegfried FLEISCHER 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2015,6(3):180-185

CO₂ emissions to the atmosphere were studied in a fertilized sandy agricultural soil with and without a catch crop sown into the main crop. The catch crop was grown primarily with the purpose to decrease N-leaching but this study also wanted to find out if the catch crop could have an effect in a climate change perspective. Plots with catch crop showed decreased CO₂ emissions from the soil. Since previous results have shown that catch crops effectively decrease N-leaching we recommend growing catch crops as an effective measure for helping both the climate and the eutrophication issue. Seasonal variations in CO₂ emissions were pronounced with maximum emissions from the fertilized agricultural soil in June and from an adjacent unmanaged grassland in August. From the plot with catch crop emissions decreased in July and August but somewhat increased later in the autumn. Fertilized agricultural soil showed a within-soil CO₂ sink after harvest, i.e. within-soil CO₂ uptake. Availability of NH₄⁺ or NO₃^- in the soil seems to influence the within-soil CO₂ sink, with NH₄⁺ enforcing the sink while the same amount of NO₃^- instead increased CO₂ emissions.  相似文献   

青海共和盆地土壤风蚀的137Cs法研究(Ⅱ)——137Cs背景值与风蚀速率测定   总被引：16，自引：5，他引：11  

严平  董光荣  张信宝  邹学勇 《中国沙漠》2003,23(4):391-397

通过对高寒草原背景值样点(RS7)的分析,将共和盆地的¹³⁷Cs背景值含量确定为(2691.78±196.08) Bq·m^-2,基本接近北半球¹³⁷Cs背景值的平均水平,其¹³⁷Cs剖面满足尖峰分布函数,与公认的理论分布(即负指数分布)相比,呈现出峰值下移和曲线趋平的现象,可能与近几十年来¹³⁷Cs的稳定下渗有关。应用¹³⁷Cs背景值剖面分布函数,建立了风蚀速率的¹³⁷Cs估算模型,估算出四个样方的土壤风蚀速率,并由此转化为区域风蚀速率,计算出共和盆地区域土壤风蚀速率为12.556 t·hm^-2·a^-1,通过蚀积平衡检验,其误差水平小于10%。并分析了风蚀物的输出途径及其所占比例。  相似文献   

Temperature Affects New Carbon Input Utilization by Soil Microbes: Evidence based on a Rapid δ13C Measurement Technology     

CAO Yingqiu  ZHANG Zhen  XU Li  CHEN Zhi  HE Nianpeng 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2019,10(2):202-212

Strong and rapid responses of soil microbial respiration to pulses, such as those from available soil organic matter (SOM) or water input from precipitation (especially in arid areas), are common. However, how soil microbes utilize new SOM inputs and the effects that temperature may have on their activities are unclear owing to the limitation in the application of traditional isotopic techniques at minute scales. In the present study, we developed a system of measuring ¹²CO₂ and δ¹³C minutely and synchronously under controlled incubation temperatures, i.e., for 48 h at 7, 10, 15, 20, and 25 °C, to explore the carbon utilization strategies of soil microbes. We measured the respiration rates of soil microbes in response to different carbon sources, i.e., added glucose (Rg) and initial SOM (Rs), as well as the total respiration rate (Rt). All responses were rapid and characterized by unimodal curves. Furthermore, the characteristic values of these curves, such as the maximum of rate (R-max), the time required to achieve R-max, and the ratio of the duration of R-max to that of 1/2 R-max, were all dependent on incubation temperature. Interestingly, temperature greatly influenced the strategy that microorganisms employed to utilize different carbon sources. The effects of temperature on the intensity of the microbial respiratory response and the ratio of Rg/Rs are important for evaluating the effect of land-use changes or variations in seasonal temperature on SOM turnover and should be considered in ecological models in future studies.  相似文献   

新疆北部覆膜滴灌棉田的碳交换日、生长季变化特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

许琰  周石硚  晋绿生  王进  杨景辉  林长贵 《干旱区地理》2013,36(3):441-449

利用涡动相关系统测定新疆石河子棉区覆膜滴灌棉田的CO₂通量,分析2010年棉花各生育期净生态系统碳交换（NEE）的日变化特征,并将[NEE]拆分为生态系统总生产力（GEP）和生态系统呼吸（R_eco）,分析三者的生长季变化特征及其影响因素。结果表明：在播种期和苗期,棉田白天和夜间的NEE变化幅度都较小;其他生育期NEE白天呈‘V’形变化,夜间为正值且变化小。NEE的日变化主要受太阳总辐射影响。GEP、R_eco和NEE的生长季变化趋势与叶面积指数变化相对一致,最大日累积量均出现在花铃期,分别为11.8,8.0和-6.2 g C·m^-2·d^-1。播种期、苗期、蕾期、花铃期和吐絮期的日平均[NEE]分别为2.6,1.6,-1.2,-2.8和0.5 g C·m^-2·d^-1。整个生长季棉田NEE累积量为-122.2 g C·m^-2,表现为碳汇。由偏相关分析可得,GEP,R_eco和NEE的生长季变化与气温的相关系数最高,其次为饱和水汽压差,再次为太阳总辐射和土壤温度,结果表明气温是影响棉田GEP,R_eco和NEE生长季变化的主要气象因素。气温对棉田GEP,R_eco和净碳吸收起促进作用,而饱和水汽压差对其起限制作用。  相似文献   

内蒙古羊草草原呼吸的影响因素分析和区分     

耿元波  罗光强 《地理学报》2010,65(9):1058-1068

利用静态暗箱-气相色谱法在植物生长旺季测算了内蒙古锡林河流域羊草草原的土壤微生物呼吸、土壤呼吸和生态系统呼吸。地温和水分是植物生长旺季呼吸最重要的影响因素。地温在水分条件适宜的情况下可以解释CO₂通量的部分变化(R² = 0.376~0.655)。土壤水分含量也可以解释土壤呼吸和生态系统呼吸的部分变化(R² = 0.314~0.583),但基本不能解释土壤微生物呼吸的变化(R² = 0.063)。即使在较高温度下,较低的土壤水分含量(≤ 5%) 也会显著的抑制CO₂排放。长期干旱后降雨使CO₂通量在高温下迅速增大。基于5 cm地温和0~10 cm土壤水分含量的双变量模型可以解释CO₂通量约70%的变化。观测期间,土壤呼吸占生态系统呼吸的比例介于47.3%~72.4%之间,平均为59.4%;根呼吸占土壤呼吸的比例介于11.7%~51.7%之间,平均为20.5%。由于植物体去除引起的土壤水分含量上升可能使我们对土壤呼吸占生态系统呼吸比例的估计略微偏高,根呼吸占土壤呼吸的比例略微偏低。  相似文献   

陕北风沙过渡带植被净初级生产力变化特征及原因   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

倪向南  郭伟  乔凯 《中国沙漠》2018,38(4):889-898

基于光能利用率原理,采用CASA（Carnegie-Ames-Stanford-Approach）模型,实现了2000—2014年陕北风沙过渡带地区植被净初级生产力（NPP）估算,对该地区NPP时空变化以及驱动机制进行了定量化分析。结果表明：（1） 2000—2014年陕北风沙过渡带NPP为6.71×10¹²gC·a^-1,单位面积值为202.57gC·m^-2·a^-1,受地貌和气候特征影响,植被空间异质性强,黄土区植被明显优于风沙区;（2）近十几年来该区域植被得到明显改善,NPP总体增速为10.98gC·m^-2·a^-1（R=0.85,P<0.01）,植被增速存在空间差异,东南部的黄土区植被增长较快,西北风沙区植被增长较慢;（3）2000—2014年,降水、气温和辐射与NPP的相关系数分别为0.54（P<0.05）、-0.25、0.35,三者对植被增长的贡献量分别为3.95、0.71、2.75gC·m^-2·a^-1。这说明降水是气候因素中影响陕北风沙过渡带植被变化的主要因素;（4）近15年的植被恢复过程中,气候和人类活动都是重要的驱动因素,气候因子对植被增长的贡献更大,相对作用达到67.49%。区域内部,不同地区植被的主要驱动源存在差异,东部地区植被受气候因子主导,西部地区植被受人类活动主导。  相似文献   

1980s-2010s内蒙古草地表层土壤有机碳储量及其变化   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

戴尔阜  翟瑞雪  葛全胜  吴秀芹 《地理学报》2014,69(11):1651-1660

以我国内蒙古草原为研究区域,结合1982-1988年第二次土壤普查资料以及2011-2012年实地考察数据,构建了基于遥感数据和土壤数据的区域表层土壤有机碳储量估算方法,对研究区1980s和2010s表层土壤有机碳储量、空间分布特征及其变化进行研究,结果表明：(1) 1980s、2010s内蒙古草地表层土壤 (0~20 cm) 有机碳储量分别为2.05 Pg C、2.17 Pg C,土壤有机碳密度约为3.48 kg C·m^-2、3.69 kg C·m^-2,其空间分布上呈现从草甸草原、典型草原、荒漠草原逐渐降低的特征;(2) 1982-2012年间,内蒙古草地表层土壤有机碳储量略有增加,但增加幅度较小,其中草甸草原和典型草原表层土壤有机碳储量增加,荒漠草原则表现为减少。研究结果将为研究区因地制宜地采取固碳措施,实现草地可持续管理提供科学参考。  相似文献   

天目山柳杉树轮δ13C序列所反映的植物水分利用率对大气CO2浓度变化的生理响应     

赵兴云  王建  商志远  王祖良  钱君龙 《地理科学》2008,28(5):698-702

工业化以来,由于大量化石燃料CO₂排入大气,引起大气CO₂浓度的持续升高。研究表明,植物的光合作用、水分利用率及作物生物量等均对周围大气CO₂浓度的增加产生明显的正响应,而植物叶片的气孔导度及蒸腾速率对CO₂浓度增加产生负响应。对采自浙江西天目山地区的三株柳杉树盘交叉定年后,测定了三株树轮的δ¹³C年序列,并利用3株柳杉树轮δ¹³C序列探讨了天目山地区树木生长对大气CO₂浓度增加的生理响应——水分利用率的变化状况。结果是,三株树轮δ¹³C序列反映的水分利用率均是增加的,且增长趋势基本一致。研究结果反映了工业革命前后,树木生长对大气CO₂浓度增加所产生的明显正响应。  相似文献   

天山南坡科其喀尔冰川作用区CO2通量观测研究          下载免费PDF全文

王建  丁永建  许民  许君利 《干旱区地理》2018,41(6):1160-1168

冰川融水径流的发育和形成过程中,存在大量水化学侵蚀,尤其是K/Na长石及碳酸盐的水解作用,可能消耗水体中H⁺,促使大气CO₂溶于水形成重碳酸盐,影响区域碳循环。2015年7月21日-2017年7月18日选取相对平坦开阔的西天山科其喀尔冰川表碛物覆盖区,利用涡度相关法进行CO₂通量监测。结果表明：大气CO₂通量介于-17.99~3.59 g·m^-2·d^-1之间,平均值为-2.58 g·m^-2·d^-1,说明研究区是一个显著的碳汇。净冰川区系统CO₂交换量主要受大气CO₂通量支配,但日内变化显著,白天因冰雪消融导致大气CO₂沉降于融水中促进区域水化学侵蚀,而夜间因太阳辐射减少,冰雪消融减弱甚至停止,抑制了区域CO₂沉降,甚至再生冰的形成引起溶解于液态水中的CO₂释放。净冰川区系统CO₂交换量与气温呈显著的负相关关系,即气温升高,大气CO₂沉降量增加;当降水量小于8.8 mm时,交换量随降水量变化不显著,而降水量大于8.8 mm时,CO₂沉降量随降水量增加而减少。净冰川区系统CO₂交换量随日径流量的变率遵循：积雪消融期 > 积雪积累期 > 冰川消融前期 > 冰川消融后期 > 冰川消融峰期,意味着积雪消融存在时,系统CO₂交换量随日径流量变率较大,可能是因积雪本身的阻尼作用或积雪期水文通道不发育,积雪融水较冰川冰融水汇集相对较慢,为可溶性物质化学反应提供充分时间,增强了CO₂沉降。  相似文献   

Research on the Patterns and Evolution of Ecosystem Service Consumption in Nepal     

ZHANG Changshun  LIU Chunlan  ZHEN Lin 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2022,13(5):870-879

The study of ecosystem service consumption (ESC) in Nepal not only helps us to understand the intensity and management level of Nepal’s ecosystem utilization, but also provides scientific data support for the establishment and planning of China’s aid to Nepal. Based on the data of food consumption and forestry production and trade, this study dynamically investigated the consumption levels, structure and ecological consumption patterns of farmland, forest, grassland, water and the integrated ecosystem in Nepal and their main driving forces, using the physical quantity accounting method. The results showed that the total consumption of farmland, forest, grassland, water and the integrated ecosystem in Nepal from 1961 to 2018 exhibited a fluctuating increase, with average value of 7.26 Tg yr^-1, 6.38 Tg yr^-1, 1.10 Tg yr^-1, 0.02 Tg yr^-1 and 14.76 Tg yr^-1, respectively. The annual per capita forest consumption roughly decreased, while the annual per capita consumption of farmland, grassland, waters and integrated ecosystems mostly increased with their growth rates accelerating. The corresponding ecological consumption patterns were the “Log-Cereal-Milk” mode during 1961-1984, the “Log-Cereal-Vegetable-Root-Milk-Sugar” mode during 1985-2007 and the “Log-Cereal-Vegetable-Root-Sugar-Fruit-Milk” mode during 2008-2018. This study indicated that the supply capacity of the ecosystem (production, import and export capacity) and socio-economic factors (population density, per capita GDP and religious beliefs) are the main driving forces that are restricting the evolution of Nepal’s ecological consumption pattern. Although Nepal’s dietary structure has improved significantly, there is still a large gap between it and the standard of a balanced diet. The supply capacities of fruits, meat, eggs, milk and aquatic products should be enhanced to meet people’s demand for a balanced diet. This study can provide data support for the establishment of China’s aid projects to improve Nepal’s livelihood.  相似文献   

科尔沁沙地优势植物叶凋落物分解及碳矿化——凋落物质量的影响     

毕京东  李玉霖  宁志英  赵学勇 《中国沙漠》2016,36(1):85-92

凋落物矿化分解是维持生态系统养分循环的关键过程,也是陆地生态系统C向大气释放的主要动力,因此影响和控制生态系统凋落物矿化分解的主要因素一直备受关注。土地沙漠化是科尔沁沙地最严重的环境问题,并且导致土壤粗质化和贫瘠化,凋落物输入和矿化分解对于改善该地区土壤质地和养分状况至关重要。通过室内培养的方法,对科尔沁沙质草地27种主要植物叶凋落物矿化分解及其与凋落物C含量、N含量、木质素含量、C/N、木质素/N、极易分解有机物含量(LOMⅠ)、中易分解有机物含量(LOMⅡ)及难分解有机物含量(RP)等指标关系进行研究。结果表明:科尔沁沙地27种植物叶凋落物质量存在较大差异(P<0.001),相应的27种植物叶凋落物培养样品矿化有机碳总量和干物质损失量存在显著差异(P<0.001),分别在9.0 mg C·g^-1干土至12.7 mg C·g^-1干土和14.7%至40.4%之间变化。添加凋落物后培养样品的CO₂释放总量显著大于对照(不添加凋落物),说明土壤中添加凋落物后,培养样品的有机碳矿化速率明显增大。27种植物叶凋落物矿化有机碳总量以及损失干物质总量与凋落物的N含量、C/N、木质素/N、LOMⅠ、LOMⅡ和RP等指标存在显著的相关性,叶凋落物的矿化分解主要受LOMⅠ和木质素/N的影响。  相似文献   

中国喀斯特关键带岩石风化碳汇评估及其生态服务功能   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5  

宋贤威  高扬  温学发  郭大立  于贵瑞  何念鹏  张进忠 《地理学报》2016,71(11):1926-1938

喀斯特地区的岩石风化固碳被认为是全球遗漏碳汇之一,中国喀斯特地区的分布面积达344万km²,目前对其岩溶碳汇缺乏精确、系统的评估,对碳汇产生的机制仍存在争议。本文通过对喀斯特地区碳汇研究的回顾,详细介绍了适用于喀斯特地区固碳速率的估算方法,并对喀斯特地区的岩石风化碳汇进行再评估,然后将地球关键带科学概念引入喀斯特生态系统,阐述喀斯特关键带碳汇研究对生态系统服务和功能的意义。研究结果表明,中国喀斯特地区每年因岩溶作用产生的碳汇为4.74 Tg C yr^-1,未来中国需要加强岩石—土壤—水体—生物—大气复杂交互系统的基础数据收集,以明确各界面碳通量,对喀斯特关键带碳汇进行多尺度、多方法、全方位联合评估,在改善喀斯特生态系统功能、科学管理区域和国家碳收支及全球变化研究等方面为政府和学者提供参考。  相似文献