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1.
黄河源区水资源变化及其影响因子 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Taking the source region of the Yellow River as a study area and based on the data from Madoi Meteorological Station and Huangheyan Hydrological Station covering the period 1955-2005, this paper analyses the changing trends of surface water resources, climate and frozen ground and reveals their causes. Results show that there exist frequent fluctuations from high to low water flow in the 51-year period. In general, the discharge has shown a de- clining trend in the 51 years especially since the 1990s. The annual distribution shows one peak which, year on year is getting smaller. （1） Precipitation has a significant and sustained influence on discharge. （2） A sharp rise of temperature resulted in the increase of evaporation and the decrease of discharge, which has a greater effect than on ice-snow melting. （3） Frozen ground tends to be degraded markedly. There is a significant positive correlation be- tween the permafrost thickness and the discharge. （4） Evaporation rates are significantly increasing, leading to the decrease of discharge. 70% of the discharge reduction resulted from climate change, and the remaining 30% may have been caused by human activities. 相似文献
2.
黄河源区地表水资源变化及其影响因子 总被引：19，自引：3，他引：16
利用1955~2005 年黄河源区玛多气象站和黄河沿水文站气象、水文资料, 分析了该区域地表水资源、气候及冻土演变规律, 揭示了地表水资源变化的成因。研究表明: 近51 年黄河源流量丰枯转化频繁, 但在总体上特别是进入20 世纪90 年代以来黄河源流量呈减少趋势, 流量年内分配表现为单峰型; 降水量对流量有着较为显著的影响, 且具有一定的持续性; 黄河源区气温的显著升高对于加大流域蒸发量导致流量补给的减少作用要大于其升高致使冰雪融水的补给作用, 其中春季气温回升的这一效应更为显著; 黄河源区冻土呈现出显著的退化趋势, 冻土厚度与流量总体上呈显著的正相关关系, 其不断减小削弱了自身天然隔水层的作用; 黄河源区蒸发量呈现出显著的增大趋势, 并导致流量的减少; 气候变化导致流量的减少量占总减少量的70%, 其余30%可能是由人类活动加剧造成的, 气候及冻土因子对流量的作用大小依次为冻土、降水、蒸发和气温, 显然多年冻土对于黄河源区地表水资源的形成和发育有着至关重要的作用。 相似文献
3.
基于高要（西江）、石角（北江）和博罗（东江）水文站1954-2011 年的连续径流量和输沙率资料,采用Mann-Kendall 非参数秩次检验和小波分析的方法,分析珠江流域的入海水沙通量变化特征。结果显示：（1）1954-2011 年珠江的入海径流量没有明显变化趋势,但输沙率呈明显下降趋势,其间不同阶段的变化趋势不同：1954-1983 年珠江水沙均处于增长阶段,该阶段气候变化和人类活动对输沙的贡献率分别是70%和30%;1984-1993 年珠江水沙通量呈先降后升（1989 年是转折点）波动阶段,主要与气候变化有关;1994-2011 年珠江的水沙通量均呈下降趋势;气候变化和人类活动对输沙率下降的贡献率分别是20%和80%。（2）龙滩水库蓄水后的2007-2011 年与2006 年以前相比,珠江年均入海径流量减少了14%,而年均入海输沙率是减幅达到70%。这一时期水库蓄水和水土保持对输沙率减少的贡献率达到90%以上;（3）珠江的水沙通量变化具有明显年代际周期和年际周期变化特征,且不同子流域的周期有所不同。例如西江的径流量主要存在24 年和13 年的年代际周期以及4~7 年的年际周期,而输沙率主要存在16 年左右和10 年左右的年代际周期和4~7 年的年际周期;北江径流量主要存在12 年左右年代际周期和2 年左右以及8 年左右的年际周期和和输沙率年代际周期主要13-16 年,而年际周期是4~7 年和2~3 年;东江的径流和输沙率主要存在12 年左右年代际周期和2 年左右以及6 年左右的年际周期。这些年代际和年际变化周期与珠江流域降雨量的变化周期有较好关联性。 相似文献
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5.
长江口水沙入海通量的观测与分析 总被引：31，自引：0，他引：31
在长江口用声学多普勒流速剖面仪（ADCP）进行走航式断面观测,结果表明,采集水样获取的悬沙浓度与ADCP记录的声学信号（后向散射强度）之间存在显著相关关系,因此可据ADCP声学数据获得沿观测断面的高时空分辨率的悬沙浓度剖面。分析结果表明．在徐六泾附近断面以往复流占优势．大潮期间单位时间最大水、悬沙通量值出现于涨潮期．落潮历时较长．落潮期水、悬沙通量分别大于涨潮期水、悬沙通量,净通量向海。长江口南槽拦门沙外侧主要为旋转流．涨潮期间内的水、悬沙通量均分别大于落潮期间的水、悬沙通量。2003年11月12日的观测结果表明．潮周期内通过徐六泾断面向海输运的水与悬沙通量分别为10^9m^3和10^8kg量级：径流量与悬沙输运率分别为10^4m^3／s和10^3kg／s量级。1998年以来徐六泾ADCP流量观测数据与同时间的大通径流量之间存在着显著的相关关系．故可由大通径流量估算徐六泾径流量。作为长江人海径流量．以作为历史资料整编的一种手段。结果表明,长江人海年径流总量略大于大通年径流总量：而在枯水期间人海径流量小于大通径流量。 相似文献
6.
1974—2009年西藏羊卓雍错湖泊水位变化分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
羊卓雍错(简称羊湖)是青藏高原南部最大的一个封闭型内陆湖泊,位于西藏自治区浪卡子县境内,与纳木错、玛旁雍错一起并列为西藏三大圣湖,是藏南地区重要的风景旅游区。始建于1989年的羊湖发电站于1997年正式投入运营,为世界上海拔最高的抽水蓄能电站。在全球气候变暖和人类活动的影响下,其湖面水位变化及其成因备受国内外关注。利用1974—2009年羊湖白地水文观测资料,分析了36年来羊湖水位年际、年内变化特征及其与自然要素(气温、降水和蒸发等)和人类活动之间的关系。结果表明,羊湖平均水位为19.06 m,历史最高值出现在1980年,为21.37 m,2009年水位降至17.08 m的历史最低值。自1974年有水位观测资料以来,羊湖水位呈波动式下降趋势,其中,1974—1977年水位表现为逐年下降,幅度为0.26 m/a;之后至1980年以0.4 m/a呈上升态势,1980年羊湖水位达到了历史最高值;此后,至1996年水位呈显著下降趋势,减少速率为2.08 m/(10 a),1996年是羊湖水位上升的一个转折点,至2004年水位在逐年上升;2004—2009年是一个水位显著下降的时段,速率为0.57 m/a,也是水位下降趋势最为显著的时段。羊湖水位下降年份占整个时段的56%,而44%的年份水位在上升。1974—1984年及2001—2005年水位高于多年平均值,而1985—2000年及2006年之后水位都低于多年平均值。羊湖水位的年内最低值一般出现在6月,最高值则在10月。羊湖年内水位变化对流域降水量的响应具有一定的滞后性,时间为2个月左右。羊湖水位变化主要是由降水波动、气温上升、蒸发的变化等自然因素共同作用的结果,特别是,流域年际降水量波动是湖面水位升降的主要影响因子,人为和工程的影响范围和程度均较小。自羊湖电站1997年运行以来,流域的环境在暖湿的气候大背景下有所改善,且对羊湖水位变化无明显影响。但如果电站不能蓄水与发电并举,达不到总体不消耗羊湖水量的设计目标和水量平衡,对羊湖水位的影响将不可忽视。 相似文献
7.
通在黄河三门峡水文站进行1 a的连续采样分析和调水调沙期间的密集采样分析,揭示了三门峡水库水沙调控对黄河有机碳输送过程的影响。结果表明,在水库调水调沙期间,三门峡站POC含量与TSS含量同步增加,而DOC含量变化趋势不明显;在1 a内,DOC和POC含量均有明显的季节变化。三门峡站POC年通量为124.8万t,其中调水调沙期间POC输送量约占POC年通量的38%,水库敞泄期间（8~9月）的POC输送量约占POC年通量的60%;三门峡站DOC年通量为7.6万t,其中7~9月DOC输送量约占DOC年通量的52%。 相似文献
8.
祖厉河流域位于年降水量200～400 mm之间过渡带,是气候变化最敏感和最为复杂的区域之一。运用祖厉河流域1955-2013年径流量、输沙量与年降雨量的变化趋势、时段特征进行了分析。结果表明：祖厉河流域降雨量、径流量和输沙量存在年际变化大、逐年减小的变化趋势;年降雨量在1995年出现突变点,降雨量存在明显的丰水和枯水变化,丰水时段（1955-1989年）年降水量为376.2 mm,枯水时段（1990-2013年）年降水量为224.9 mm;径流量和泥沙量的突变点分别出现在1995年和2000年;依据UFk值信度变化趋势,将径流量、输沙量变化分为非显著减少（1955-1971年）、显著减少（1972-1985年）、较显著减少（1986-2000年）和极显著减少（2001-2013年）四个时期。 相似文献
9.
新疆气候“湿干转折”的信号和影响探讨 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
新疆是对全球变化响应最敏感地区之一,分析全球变暖背景下新疆干湿气候变化及其影响,对应对和适应未来气候变化带来的影响具有重要意义。基于气象水文观测资料,对新疆区域干湿气候变化及其影响评估进行了探讨。结果表明：① 20世纪80年代中后期以来新疆气温升高,降水量增加,呈“暖湿化”特征;但1997年之后,干旱变化趋势、干旱频率、干旱发生月份等均有明显增加,导致70%以上的区域变干,新疆气候出现了从“暖湿化”向“暖干化”转折的强烈信号,即发生了“湿干转折”;② 新疆气候转折对区域生态和水资源造成明显的影响,归一化植被指数（Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI）经历了先增后减的变化过程,1982—1997年植被趋于“变绿”,但1997年之后植被长势迟滞,土壤水分明显下降,生态逆转,生态负效应凸显;③ 新疆河流径流变化出现明显的区域差异,对干湿气候转折响应复杂,受冰雪融水对径流补给比例的影响,发源于天山的河流径流对区域干湿变化有正响应,但发源于昆仑山的河流径流响应不明显。研究结果表明气候“湿干转折”和极端气候事件加剧背景下新疆干旱化急剧增加,水循环系统和生态系统不稳定性加剧,相关成果可为区域干旱灾害防灾减灾和风险管理提供有价值的决策参考。 相似文献
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利用Penman-Monteith公式和干燥度指数公式,计算并分析了青藏高原65个气象站1972-2011年间记录的气候变化趋势,同时在总结国内外有关气候变化对青藏高原水环境各要素影响研究的基础上,通过简单线性相关统计方法,分析了研究区域气候变化与水环境变化的相关性。结果表明：（1）青藏高原整体升温显著,降水显著增加,最大可能蒸散（ET0）显著降低,暖湿化趋势显著;高原北部和西部降水显著增加、ET0显著降低、干燥度指数显著下降,东部和南部ET0显著降低、干燥度指数显著下降;（2）受升温影响,青藏高原的冰川消融,尤以东部地区变化显著;湖泊因其补给条件不同而分别呈现出扩张、萎缩和基本稳定3种状态,总体上,高原西部的湖泊以扩张为主,东部的湖泊基本稳定,而萎缩的湖泊分布较为分散。水环境的改变对于高原区水循环过程及生态系统都将产生重要影响。 相似文献
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Studying the response to warming of hydrological systems in China’s temperate glacier region is essential in order to provide information required for sustainable development.The results indicated the warming climate has had an impact on the hydrological cycle.As the glacier area subject to melting has increased and the ablation season has become longer,the contribution of meltwater to annual river discharge has increased.The earlier onset of ablation at higher elevation glaciers has resulted in the period of minimum discharge occurring earlier in the year.Seasonal runoff variations are dominated by snow and glacier melt,and an increase of meltwater has resulted in changes of the annual water cycle in the Lijiang Basin and Hailuogou Basin.The increase amplitude of runoff in the downstream region of the glacial area is much stronger than that of precipitation,resulting from the prominent increase of meltwater from glacier region in two basins.Continued observations in the glacierized basins should be undertaken in order to monitor changes,to reveal the relationships between climate,glaciers,hydrology and water supplies,and to assist in maintaining sustainable regional development. 相似文献
12.
Impacts of climate change on winter wheat growth in Panzhuang Irrigation District, Shandong Province
Global climate change has significant impacts on agricultural production. Future climate change will bring important influences to the food security. The CERES-Wheat model was used to simulate the winter wheat growing process and production in Panzhuang Irrigation District (PID) during 2011–2040 under B2 climate scenario based on the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) assumptions with the result of RCMs (Regional Climate Models) projections by PRECIS (Providing Regional Climates for Impacts Studies) system introduced to China from the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research. The CERES-Wheat model was calibrated and validated with independent field-measured growth data in 2002–2003 and 2007–2008 growing season under current climatic conditions at Yucheng Comprehensive Experimental Station (YCES), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). The results show that a significant impact of climate change on crop growth and yield was noted in the PID study area. Average temperature at Yucheng Station rose by 0.86℃ for 1961–2008 in general. Under the B2 climate scenario, average temperature rose by 0.55℃ for 2011–2040 compared with the baseline period (1998–2008), which drastically shortened the growth period of winter-wheat. However, as the temperature keep increasing after 2030, the top-weight and yield of the winter wheat will turn to decrease. The simulated evapotranspiration shows an increasing trend, although it is not very significant, during 2011–2040. Water use efficiency will increase during 2011–2031, but decrease during 2031–2040. The results indicate that climate change enhances agricultural production in the short-term, whereas continuous increase in temperature limits crop production in the long-term. 相似文献
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研究渭河径流年内分配变化特征及其影响因子,有助于在区域视角下进一步掌握全球变暖与人类活动不断加剧背景下的水文响应。本文基于1960-2005年实测径流、面降雨以及潜在蒸发量的月序列数据,采用集中度与不均匀系数两个指标分析渭河径流年内分配特征的时空变化规律。运用Mann-Kendall法求算了渭河流域径流集中度与不均匀系数的变化趋势,采用启发式分割法诊断径流年内分配特征值的变异点,并运用累积量斜率变化率比较法定量计算气候变化与人类活动对径流年内分配特征变化的贡献率。结果表明:①渭河实测径流年内分配特征值的年变化过程呈现上升趋势,其中张家山站呈现显著上升趋势,该流域旱涝风险有所增加;②林家村与张家山站的实测径流年内分配特征值均存在1973年这一变异点,而华县站无变异点存在;③气候变化与人类活动影响对林家村站径流年内分配集中度与不均匀系数的贡献率分别为27.15%,72.85% 和12.10%,87.90%,而对张家山站的贡献率分别为39.11%,60.89%和33.73%,66.27%。人类活动是渭河实测径流年内分配特征变化的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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长江大通-河口段枯季的径流量变化 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10
通过实地调查和收集长江下游1950－2000年水文、水利工程资料，建立了长江大通以下枯季径流量变化地理信息系统，分析了影响长江大通水文站以下径流量变化的水文过程，探索了这一区间枯季径流量变化的成因与过程。调查研究表明，截止2000年大通以下各类抽引水工程的总数已达64个，抽引水能力达到了4626m^3/s（潮周期内平均轴引水流量）。实际抽引水量呈现很大的年、季波动，这与本区气候干旱情况、农作物生长期、跨流域调水量等多种因素有关。研究表明：大通－河口段沿江两岸大量的抽引水已成为影响长江大通以下枯季入海流量变化的最重要的因素。本文在过去实际抽引江水资料的基础上，估算了过去不同水文、气候背景下长江大通以下枯季径流量的变化幅度及其对入海流量的影响，并利用实际数据进行了验证。在此基础上，探讨了未来长江大通以下枯季的径流量变化趋势。 相似文献
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The decrease of runoff in the Luanhe river basin, which caused water crisis in Tian-jin for several times, was investigated using discharge data covering the period 1956–2002. The data from the differential integral curves of the annual runoff indicate that the decreasing point began in 1979 in the six sub-basins. The decrease of runoff in the Luanhe river basin resulted from the combination of climate effects and human activities, in which the latter plays an important role. This can be illustrated by noting that after 1979 the runoff generated by similar precipitation decreased under the condition that the total precipitation did not decrease in the entire basin. As a result, the annual runoff of the Luanhe river basin after 1979 de-creased by about 6.46×108 m3 each year. To analyze the runoff characteristics, it is inade-quate to seek the runoff trends only and the identification of cyclical component of the runoff as accurate as possible is necessary. From the natural annual runoff discharge time series, we can see the annual runoff fluctuates around the long-term average. Analyzed by VRL (Variable Record Length) method, the main periods of 3, 5–6, 7, 9, 16–20 and 37–39 years were found. The last decade causing water crisis was the driest period in the history, and this condition will last several years from trend analysis and power spectrum analysis. So finding new water sources is urgent to 相似文献
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黄河上游气候变化对地表水的影响 总被引：29，自引：2，他引：27
利用1961~2002年黄河上游唐乃亥水文站水文资料及同期该流域气象资料,研究黄河上游流域气候变化及其对地表水资源的影响,结果表明: 黄河上游年流量呈现出逐年减少趋势,20世纪90年代以来减少趋势更为明显;黄河上游流域气候变化表现出气温升高、降水减少和蒸发增大的干旱化趋势,这一变化趋势在90年代以来尤为突出;气温升高、降水量减少和蒸发量增大是导致黄河上游流量减少的气候原因,其中降水量是影响流量的主要气候因子,降水量的减少特别是夏季降水量的减少直接导致了黄河上游流量的减少。 相似文献
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18.
青海南部地区40多年来气候变化的特征分析 总被引：46，自引：21，他引：25
利用1961-2003年气温、降水、积雪等气象观测资料,分析了青海南部地区年际、年代际及各季气候变化的特征和规律。结果表明:该地区秋季气温升高最为明显,这有别于我国华北、东北、西北东部和新疆等地区冬季增温最为显著的特点;降水量冬、春季呈增加的趋势,而夏、秋季呈减少趋势;地表积雪量冬、春季的平均增加量分别为15.1cm和3.8cm,而夏、秋季的平均递减量分别为0.3cm和0.2cm。气候变暖和冬、春季降水增多以及冬、春季平均积雪量的跨季节异常或持续维持是导致青海南部地区20世纪80~90年代雪灾增多的最直接原因之一。冬、春季降水和地表积雪的增加,使得雪灾发生的频次增加,危害程度加重;而夏、秋季降水和积雪减少、气温升高、地表蒸发加大、水资源量减少,干旱出现的几率增大,影响畜牧业生产,制约当地经济发展。 相似文献
19.
Analysis of the contribution of multiple factors to the recent decrease in discharge and sediment yield in the Yellow River Basin,China 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
The Yellow River basin is well known for its high sediment yield. However, this sediment yield has clearly decreased since the 1980s, especially after the year 2000. The annual average sediment yield was 1.2 billion tons before 2000, but has significantly decreased to 0.3 billion tons over the last 10 years. Changes in discharge and sediment yield for the Yellow River have attracted the attention of both the Central Government and local communities. This study aimed to identify the individual contributions of changes in precipitation and human activities (e.g. water conservancy projects, terracing, silt dams, socio-economic and needs, and soil and water conservation measures) to the decrease in discharge and sediment yield of the Yellow River. The study used both improved the hydrological method and the soil and water conservation method. The study focused on discharge analysis for the upper reaches and the investigation of sediments for the middle reaches of the river. The results showed that discharge and sediment yield have both presented significant decreasing trends over the past 50 years. Precipitation showed an insignificant decreasing trend over the same period. The annual average discharge decreased by 5.68 billion m3 above Lanzhou reach of the Yellow River from 2000 to 2012; human activities (e.g. socio-economic water use) contributed 43.4% of the total reduction, whereas natural factors (e.g. evaporation from lakes, wetlands and reservoirs) accounted for 56.6%. The decrease in annual discharge and sediment yield of the section between Hekouzhen station and Tongguan station were 12.4 billion m3 and 1.24 billion tons, respectively. Human activities contributed 76.5% and 72.2% of the total reduction in discharge and sediment yield, respectively, and were therefore the dominant factors in the changes in discharge and sediment yield of the Yellow River. 相似文献
20.
气候变化对山东省潘庄灌区冬小麦生长的影响(英文) 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Global climate change has significant impacts on agricultural production.Future climate change will bring important influences to the food security.The CERES-Wheat model was used to simulate the winter wheat growing process and production in Panzhuang Irrigation District(PID) during 2011-2040 under B2 climate scenario based on the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios(SRES) assumptions with the result of RCMs(Regional Climate Models) projections by PRECIS(Providing Regional Climates for Impacts Studies) system introduced to China from the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research.The CERES-Wheat model was calibrated and validated with independent field-measured growth data in 2002-2003 and 2007-2008 growing season under current climatic conditions at Yucheng Comprehensive Experimental Station(YCES),Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).The results show that a significant impact of climate change on crop growth and yield was noted in the PID study area.Average temperature at Yucheng Station rose by 0.86℃ for 1961-2008 in general.Under the B2 climate scenario,average temperature rose by 0.55℃ for 2011-2040 compared with the baseline period(1998-2008),which drastically shortened the growth period of winter-wheat.However,as the temperature keep increasing after 2030,the top-weight and yield of the winter wheat will turn to decrease.The simulated evapotranspiration shows an increasing trend,although it is not very significant,during 2011-2040.Water use efficiency will increase during 2011-2031,but decrease during 2031-2040.The results indicate that climate change enhances agricultural production in the short-term,whereas continuous increase in temperature limits crop production in the long-term. 相似文献