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1.
Flowable fill is a self-levelling and self-compacting, cementitious material which is primarily used as a backfill. It is
a mixture of fine aggregates, small amount of cement, water and a by-product material. In this present experimental study,
three industrial by-products namely fly ash, rice husk ash and quarry dust were used as constituent materials in flowable
fill. Mix proportions were developed for different combination of these industrial by-products, in addition to small amount
of cement content. The main objective of the present investigation is to study the stress–strain behaviour of these mixes,
namely unconfined compressive strength (UCS), strain corresponding to peak stress, strain corresponding to fracture and modulus
of elasticity. In addition, several mixes were tested for few other properties such as flowability, density, water-absorption
and volume changes. The range of strengths, strains and moduli of elasticity obtained for these flowable fill mixtures represents
different types of clay soils ranging from soft clays to very stiff clays. Thus, industrial by-products such as fly ash, rice
husk ash and quarry dust can be beneficially added in flowable fill that offers comparable strengths to soils used for conventional
fills and many other low-strength applications. 相似文献
2.
黑龙江258高地金矿区侵入岩锆石U-Pb年代学及地球化学特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
258高地金矿床地处黑龙江省完达山成矿带东部,矿化与岩浆侵入活动密切相关。文章利用锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年方法,对258高地金矿区的二长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩及闪长玢岩进行了年代学研究,获得258金矿区花岗闪长岩的成岩年龄为(118.3±1.1)Ma;3件二长花岗岩样品的成岩年龄分别为(130.5±0.8)Ma、(122.1±0.7)Ma、(118.0±0.9)Ma;2件闪长玢岩的成岩年龄分别为(119.5±1.3)Ma、(107.4±2.2)Ma,表明本区中酸性岩体侵位时代介于131~107 Ma,与西太平洋构造域的早白垩世演化有关。定年结果同时表明矿区存在3期岩浆活动,其中122~118 Ma的二长花岗岩与花岗闪长岩、闪长玢岩的年龄在误差范围内一致,且与金矿成矿关系密切。岩石地球化学显示区内的中酸性侵入岩均为高钾钙碱性过铝质岩石,花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩具有重熔型岩浆岩的特征,可能是加厚地壳物质部分熔融的产物;闪长玢岩脉具有典型壳幔源岛弧岩浆岩的特点。综合研究认为258高地金矿床形成于与板块俯冲有关的活动大陆边缘环境。 相似文献
3.
Yinhan Chen 《中国地球化学学报》1987,6(2):140-152
The host mass consists of quartz diorite-porphyry (marginal facies), granodiorite porphry (intermediate facies) and granite
porphry (central facies). The petrographical facies are asymmetrically spread. The formation temperature of the rock mass
ranges from 890 to 800°C, the pressure from 330 to 380 bars and the depth from about 1.5 to 2 km. Mineralization is controlled
by the N-E contact zone and adjacent fault structures. Mo-mineralization occurs in the granite porphyry with strong potash
metasomatism. Cu-Mo-mineralization is distributed in the inner contact zone of the rock mass, and the wallrock is K-silicified
granite porphyry. Cu-pyrite-mineralization is recognized in skarn and serpentinite. Pb-Zn ore veins occur in marbleized limestones.
Rock and mineral analyses, fluid inclusion studies and highT-P experiments indicate that extensive precipitation of Cu-bearing pyrite took place atT = 290–250°C, andP = 330–380 bars and that of copper atT = 400–310°C andP = 330–380 bars. Precipitation of Pb and Zn was followed by the transformation of hydrothermal solutions from alkaline to
intermediate with decreasing temperature. 相似文献
4.
H. M. Doghozlou M. Goodarzi H. Rafiei Renani E. F. Salmi 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(23):1478
The expansion of the Neyriz marble mine into deeper levels caused an unexpected failure particularly in the toes of lower benches. This phenomenon can impact the overall stability of the quarry and results in undesirable environmental and technical consequences. To understand the failure mechanism, a comprehensive study including—laboratory testing, in situ field testing and theoretical analyses are carried out. The theory of the brittle failure which was mainly developed based on the experiences gained during excavation in granite rocks is adopted and augmented in this study to explain the governing mechanism of failure. Mechanical properties of the marble are determined using conventional rock mechanics tests, and the in situ stress field was evaluated using a modified under coring test. Analyzing the laboratory and field data with the available empirical criteria for brittle failure shows that the level of stress in the lower bench is high enough to initiate the brittle failure. Finally, constitutive models developed for this failure mode are adopted in conjunction with numerical modeling to investigate the observed failure in the quarry. Two modeling strategies, based on elastic and elastic–plastic analyses, are considered. Comparing the predicted failure surface with the observed failure profile, it can be concluded that the brittle failure criteria can very well capture the failure mechanism in this marble quarry. This shows that the criteria proposed to describe spalling failure around underground excavation in granite can be effectively employed for assessing the brittle failure in deep open cast and quarry mines in good quality rocks such as marble. 相似文献
5.
F. N. Okonta 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(4):1335-1344
Sub-angular-shaped aggregates are used as rail foundation ballasts and must remain sub-angular during their service life time to maintain particle–particle interlocking, in order to ensure the stability of the rail line and prevent accidents by derailment. Here, the screening of dolerite quarry aggregates for use as railway foundation ballasts was investigated by employing simple digital image and chart methods. The average particle size (d 50), flakiness index (FI), Los Angeles abrasion index (LAAI), sphericity (SPH) and roundness (RND) were determined for two batches of dolerite ballasts from the Rooikraal quarry in Johannesburg and Ngagane quarry in Newcastle. Thirty samples from each of the two batches of ballast were analysed. The ballasts were progressively abraded using a Los Angeles abrasion device and were analysed after each cycle of abrasion. A decrease in d 50 and an increase in FI with increased number of abrasion cycles were observed for both batches of dolerite ballast. The difference in the chart and digital image values of RND and SPH were marginal before abrasion; however, these differences increased with each abrasion cycle. The LAAI, d 50, mean RND and mean SPH correlated significantly and were found to have high regression coefficients. Thus, statistical models are proposed for the non-destructive routine screening of in-place ballasts in order to track marginal changes in aggregate shapes, facilitate ballast replacement programmes and avoid rail line instability. 相似文献
6.
N. Malarkodi S. J. Patel P. J. Fayazudeen U. B. Mallikarjuna 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2009,74(6):738-748
Sediments of Manaveli Formation (Palaeocene) are studied from the Thondaimanattam quarry section and Manaveli section of the
Pondicherry area, which comprises of bioturbated arenaceous limestone-shale and shaly-sandstone sequences respectively. These
sediments consist of high density and low diversity trace fossil genera which includes Lanicodichnus, Ophiomorpha, Planolites, Palaeophycus, Skolithos, Thalassinoides, and Polychaetes tubes. The abundance of horizontal structures of the Thondaimanattam quarry section indicate low to moderate
wave and current energy in fully marine subtidal environments while the presences of vertical structures of the Manaveli section
indicate moderate to high wave and current energy in the marginal marine environment of deposition for the Palaeocene sediments
of the Pondicherry area. 相似文献
7.
Influence of contaminated Vistula River water on the groundwater entering the Zakrzówek limestone quarry, Cracow region, Poland 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Chemical composition of water inflows in the Zakrzówek quarry, developed in fractured and karstified Upper Jurassic limestones,
is controlled by infiltration of polluted water from the Vistula River and by infiltrating meteoric water. The river water
TDS value is 2.5 g/dm3. The quarry waters have 0.6–2.0 g/dm3 TDS. Highly mineralised waters belong to Cl-Na type. With decreasing TDS the percentage of sulphates, calcium, magnesium
and hydrocarbonates increases. This seems to result from various processes including dilution of polluted river water, leaching
of aquifer rocks, and ion exchange. The transfer time of river water to the quarry is about 100–120 days. Concentration of
contaminants contained in the river water declines during the migration through limestones to the quarry.
Received: 7 March 1997 · Accepted: 7 December 1998 相似文献
8.
A. Sridharan T. G. Soosan Babu T. Jose B. M. Abraham 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(5):1163-1179
Due to the high demand for rubble and aggregates for construction purposes, rubble quarries and aggregate crushers are very
common. Out of the different quarry wastes, quarry dust is one, which is produced in abundance. About 20–25% of the total
production in each crusher unit is left out as the waste material-quarry dust. Bulk utilization of this waste material is
possible through geotechnical applications like embankments, back-fill material, sub-base material and the like. It becomes
a useful additive to the natural soil to improve its strength characteristics. For the above applications one of the important
engineering properties is the shear strength. The purpose of the present investigation is to understand the shear strength
behavior of quarry dust and soil-quarry dust mixes. 相似文献
9.
泉州笔架山花岗瓷石矿贮存于钾长花岗岩中心柏和花岗斑岩中,矿石化学成分高硅、富、碱、贫铁镁。矿体埋藏浅、质优、规模大、易采易选易加工。开发利用远景看好。 相似文献
10.
相山矿田的铀矿床集中分布于相山北部和西部两个铀成矿带,其中北部花岗斑岩型铀矿床占资源总量的36. 55%。前人从年代学、地球化学、控矿因素与成矿模式等多方面对相山北部花岗斑岩做了不同程度的研究,但对于南部具有相同地质特征的花岗斑岩研究较为薄弱。近年来在相山南部相继发现浯漳、刁元、上南等众多铀矿点且见有一百多米的矿化段,表明其具有较大找矿前景。本文选择相山南部浯漳花岗斑岩开展野外地质调查、地球化学特征和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年等的系统研究,在厘定地质特征和成岩年代的基础上,探讨其岩石类型、构造环境及物质来源。研究结果如下:(1)花岗斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值分别为135. 6±1. 6Ma(MSWD=0. 67,n=17)、135. 2±1. 5Ma(MSWD=0. 95,n=19),集中在134～136Ma之间,属于早白垩世时期;(2)花岗斑岩Sr含量为154×10~(-6)～261×10~(-6),Yb含量为2. 65×10~(-6)～3. 62×10~(-6),具有低Sr高Yb特征,属浙闽型(S型)花岗岩;(3)花岗斑岩属于燕山晚期后造山伸展拉张构造环境的产物;(4)花岗斑岩来自中元古代上地壳部分熔融,未有明显地幔物质参与;(5)对比相山北部产铀花岗斑岩规模、岩相、年代学、地球化学等特征,浯漳花岗斑岩具有产铀可能性,相山南部地区至今找矿未有突破,可能是缺乏深部勘查工程,从而导致隐伏矿体未被发现。 相似文献
11.
大营子岩体位于内蒙古赤峰市西北部,多年来因发现碾子沟钼矿床而广受关注。通过研究发现,大营子花岗岩无论是野外空间产状、岩相特点及含矿性,还是岩石地球化学及同位素年代学特征,内部的黑云母二长花岗岩和边缘的正长花岗岩都存在明显的差异,显示了该岩体实际上是一个多期岩浆侵入的复合岩体。整体上大营子岩体岩石地球化学特征表现为高硅、富铝、富碱、低镁、贫钙的特点,富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)Rb、Th,亏损高场强元素(HFSE)Ti,亏损P元素。稀土元素组成总体含量较高,轻、重稀土分馏明显,Eu负异常显著。其中,边缘相正长花岗岩比中心相黑云母二长花岗岩具有更明显的Eu负异常和较低的微量元素U、Ba和Sr。边缘正长花岗岩锆石U-Pb同位素年龄为(267.6±2.8)Ma, 属于海西-早印支期华北克拉通北缘岩浆作用的产物,形成于造山晚期或后造山伸展作用诱发的下地壳部分熔融,为季家沟钼矿点(床)的赋矿围岩;中心相黑云母二长花岗岩具有(152.4±1.6)Ma的锆石U-Pb年龄,属于燕山期造山后陆内伸展或岩石圈大规模减薄环境岩浆作用的产物,为碾子沟钼矿床的赋矿围岩。 相似文献
12.
文章对青海共和盆地东部曲乃亥花岗闪长岩体的岩石学、岩石地球化学、年代进行了研究,其结果表明：曲乃亥花岗闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年239.4 Ma±2.8 Ma（n=16,MSWD=0.29）,表示该岩体形成于中三叠世;岩石的主量元素地球化学特征值反映曲乃亥花岗闪长岩（体）具富硅、富钾、准铝质-过铝质等特征,属于高钾钙碱性花岗岩;岩石的微量元素地球化学分析显示,富集大离子亲石元素（如Rb、Th、K、U）,亏损高场强元素（如Nb、Ta、Ti）,在稀土配分图上呈现轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损的右倾曲线特征;岩石构造环境判别图解反映曲乃亥花岗闪长岩（体）为Ⅰ型花岗岩,属于俯冲环境下活动大陆边缘构造作用所形成的产物,其可能主要来自于地壳物质的部分熔融。 相似文献
13.
通过岩相学研究和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,对红山子岩体的主要侵入期次和侵入岩形成时代进行了厘定,明确了红山子岩体为复式岩体并探讨了其地质意义。岩相学研究表明,红山子复式岩体由粗粒碱长花岗岩、斑状黑云母花岗岩、细粒黑云母碱长花岗岩和花岗斑岩等组成; LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果显示:粗粒碱长花岗岩的年龄为153. 6±1. 2 Ma,斑状黑云母花岗岩年龄为151. 4±1. 1 Ma,与周边火山盆地赋矿火山岩的年龄一致,属晚侏罗世早期;细粒黑云母碱长花岗岩的年龄为131. 5±1. 8 Ma,花岗斑岩年龄为133. 3±1. 4 Ma,与侵入红山子盆地的花岗斑岩的年龄一致,属早白垩世早期。因此,红山子岩体是由燕山期2个相隔20 Ma的不同期次侵入体组成的复式岩体。研究表明,红山子铀矿床赋存在早白垩世早期花岗斑岩与晚侏罗世火山岩的内、外接触带中,暗示复式岩体早白垩世早期细粒黑云母花岗岩、花岗斑岩与晚侏罗世粗粒碱长花岗岩、斑状黑云母花岗岩的内、外接触带是有利的找矿部位,并得到了铀矿勘查实践的初步证实。 相似文献
14.
Trace elements in cassiterite,including Ta,W,Fe,Mn,Ti,Zr,V,Sc,Si,Al,In,Ga,Ge,Be,Bi,Ag,Sb,As,Cu,Pb,Zn,Co and REE,have been studied by many workers (Shan Zhenhua etal.,1998;Huang Zhou Tianren et al.,1987;Wu Qingsheng et al.,1988;Hu Zening,1988,Li Zhong-qing 1988 Mingzhei et al.,1988;Wang Lihua et al.,1988;Liu Kanghuai,1990).Up to now,however,most of the previous studies are concerned with trace-element variations in cassiterites of different occurrences and colors from different types of ore deposits,Data concerning the modes of occurrence of these trace elements are rare,except for the contention that Nb-Ta,Fe^2 -Mn-Fe^3 and W-Fe^3 may substitute isomorphously for Sn as pointed out by Zhou Tianren et al.(1987) and Moller et al.(1988).In this paper we are concerned with the compositional characteristics as well as the modes of occurrence of trace elements in cassiterites from quartz veins and greisens in the Dupangling tin field,Guangxi,based on multivariate statistical analyses.Tin mineralization in the Dupangling area is found associated with the medium-to fine-grained protolithionite-albite granite(γ5^2b) and its outer contacts.Cassiterite occurs,with wolframite,both in quartz veins in the contact and in greisens within the granite.^1) Spatially,greisens become dominant over quartz veins in the contact andin greisens with the granite.^1)Spatialy,gresens become dominant over quartz veins in going from the contact to the interior of the granite and with increasing depth.The greisens are of various shapes.The vein-shaped and the sheet-shaped greisens at the top of the granie are rich in quartz and the chambered greiens always constitute rich ores and contain abundant topaz or mica.Genetically,Sn,W mineralizations associated with the protolithionite-albite granite(γ5^2b) are considered to have been formed from fluid melt derived from the ore-forming magma responsible for the granite(γ5^2b). 相似文献
15.
金坑Sn-Cu矿床是粤东地区新发现的典型Sn-Cu共生矿床。矿区发育花岗闪长斑岩、中粗粒黑云母花岗岩和细粒花岗岩等多种侵入岩以及高基坪组火山岩,而这些岩石的年代学格架,及其与成矿过程关系还不清楚。因此,本文以粤东地区新发现的金坑铜锡矿床为研究对象,系统开展不同岩性侵入岩锆石和矿石锡石的U-Pb年龄测定,旨在浅析Sn-Cu共生成矿机制和成矿背景。结果表明,矿区中粗粒黑云母花岗岩和细粒花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为145.2±1.2Ma和144.1±2.2Ma,这些年龄与该矿床的锡石U-Pb年龄(144.2±5.6Ma)在误差范围内一致,表明区内中粗粒黑云母花岗岩和细粒花岗岩与锡矿成矿关系密切。此外,获得花岗闪长斑岩U-Pb年龄为147.4±1.1Ma,且花岗闪长斑岩和高基坪组火山岩具有较高Cu含量,表明Cu可能来自于这两类岩石。结合前人研究成果,我们认为早白垩世矿区内发生了含锡中粗粒黑云母花岗岩和细粒花岗岩的侵位,其分异出富锡的还原性流体由于物理化学条件的变化析出了锡石;随着水岩反应的进行,流体萃取了围岩中的Cu、Pb、Zn等成矿元素,随着流体温度、盐度的持续下降,Cu、Pb、Zn和剩余的Sn在构造带内析出沉淀,从而造成了Sn-Cu共生成矿。 相似文献
16.
浙江临安千亩田钨铍矿区花岗岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄及对区域找矿的意义 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
位于浙江临安的千亩田钨铍矿是浙江省内已知规模最大的一个钨铍共生矿床,其形成与顺溪岩体关系密切,已有成岩年龄数据较为零乱。本次研究采集了千亩田钨铍矿区新鲜花岗岩样品,通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年技术,获得了206Pb/238U加权平均年龄分别为125.5±1.1Ma、123.5±2.3Ma,表明顺溪花岗岩体为燕山晚期早阶段(早白垩世)的产物。结合周边地区近年来地质找矿的新进展,预测浙西-赣东北-皖南一带将成为新的钨矿找矿远景区。 相似文献
17.
湖南锡田花岗岩锆石U-Pb年代学及钨锡成矿时代的探讨 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
华南是世界上最大的花岗岩省之一,其中中生代花岗岩最为发育,与之相伴生的是大量钨锡多金属矿床,花岗岩的成因演化因与这些矿床的成矿作用密切相关而备受关注。湖南锡田花岗岩体是该区的一个典型岩体,主要由黑云母花岗岩、黑云母二长花岗岩和细粒花岗岩组成,并伴生有钨锡矿床。本文以湖南锡田花岗岩体为研究对象,对其中不同类型的岩石进行了详细的岩石学和锆石SIMS与LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年工作。分析结果表明,锡田花岗岩体存在晚三叠世(227~233Ma)和晚侏罗世(150~154Ma)两期岩浆活动,早期的岩浆活动主要分布在岩体北部和中部,晚期岩浆活动仅在岩体中部及东部矿体附近可见,两期岩浆活动具有相同的岩性组合。另外,对含矿花岗岩的锆石U-Pb定年结果表明该地区可能存在晚三叠世的成矿作用,结合前人的工作推断锡田地区钨锡矿的形成受晚三叠世和晚侏罗世两期岩浆事件的影响。 相似文献
18.
东秦岭尚古寺斑岩钼矿地质特征及成矿潜力分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
尚古寺斑岩钼矿位于东秦岭,为东秦岭地区已知钼矿区的最东部端元。出露面积约1．5km^2,围岩主要为元古代片麻岩和碱流岩。辉钼矿化主要发育在花岗斑岩体的东部和南部区域,花岗斑岩顶部细粒花岗斑岩和其上覆花岗质伟晶岩均呈浸染状矿化,南部角岩发育裂隙矿化。花岗斑岩主体岩性主要矿物组合为石英、钾长石和斜长石,显示具有富硅、富碱和... 相似文献
19.
Marta Adamuszek Timm John Marcin Dabrowski Yuri Y. Podladchikov Ralf Gertisser 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2009,97(3-4):203-222
Magmatic enclaves from the Rudolfov quarry near Liberec (Czech Republic) are interpreted to represent remnants of lamprophyric melt that intruded the Karkonosze granite at a stage at which the granite was not fully solidified. Based on the observation that larger enclaves are generally more circular than the smaller ones, we conclude that bigger blobs of mafic magma became more spherical during flow in the gravity field (sink or float). This flow is also interpreted to be responsible for the incorporation of mineral grains into the enclaves and may have facilitated the assimilation of granitic melt. Linear mixing trends on Harker diagrams for most network-forming and mainly slow-diffusing or fluid-immobile elements indicate such an assimilation process between granite and lamprophyre. In contrast, all fast-diffusing or fluid-mobile elements display scattered element distributions, implying that chemical diffusion also played a role. Pressure and temperature for this late magmatic stage are estimated at around 1 kbar and 500°C. These results suggest that two processes modified the composition of the enclaves in the Karkonosze granite: (1) assimilation (mechanical mixing) of granitic melt during the injection of the lamprophyric melt and the subsequent flow of the forming enclaves in the gravity field (responsible for the linear mixing trends) and (2) diffusion-controlled redistribution of elements between both solidifying rock types at the magmatic stage and/or due to late-stage magmatic fluids (responsible for the scattering and deviation from the linear mixing trends). 相似文献
20.
西昆仑大红柳滩地区相继发现了众多伟晶岩型锂铍矿床,已成为我国新的锂资源基地。目前关于这些锂铍花岗伟晶岩的成因多强调其源于地壳深熔形成的二云母二长花岗岩的结晶分异,但研究区出露的同时代的黑云母花岗岩与成矿的关系没有被讨论和关注。为了探讨黑云母花岗岩与成矿的关系,作者对龙门山矿区黑云母花岗岩、二云母二长花岗岩、花岗伟晶岩以及与成矿相关的细晶花岗岩开展了详细的地球化学及年代学研究。结果显示：1)黑云母花岗岩与二云母二长花岗岩具相似的地球化学特征,富集Rb、La和Nd,亏损Ba、Nb、Sr、P和Ti元素,均表现出S型花岗岩的特征;2)从黑云母花岗岩→二云母二长花岗岩→细晶花岗岩,表现出连续分异演化的特征;3)黑云母花岗岩的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为216.8±0.85Ma,二云母二长花岗岩的锆石SIMS U-Pb年龄为216.0±1.5Ma,细晶花岗岩的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为209.5±1.2Ma,花岗伟晶岩的锡石LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为211.3±5.0Ma,这意味着从黑云母花岗岩到二云母二长花岗岩与细晶花岗岩的形成时间是连续的并且是接近的。基于此... 相似文献