共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
青藏高原东北部互助县域土地利用变化对粮食安全的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中国既是一个人口大国,又是一个农业大国,粮食安全在国家安全系统中具有重要地位。青藏高原是一个高海拔的少数民族聚居区域,区域粮食安全有其独特性。互助土族自治县是青藏高原东北部主要的农业县之一,同时,又是国家商品粮建设基地和青海省粮、油、肉、蛋、禽生产基地,其土地利用变化对粮食安全的影响具有一定的典型性。利用互助土族自治县1986年土地利用现状详查数据,2000,2005年土地利用变更数据、2008年TM数据,在ERDAS及ArcGIS软件支持下分析了其土地利用变化态势并计算了该县最小人均耕地面积和耕地压力指数,对因土地利用变化引起的粮食安全问题进行分析和评估。结果表明:(1)互助县耕地总量及人均粮食产量均呈现下降趋势,这与近几年的退耕还林(草)工程、基础设施建设及人口增长相关联,而粮食单产呈现上升趋势,表明科学技术的进步在起作用。(2)从粮食生产来看,人均粮食消费水平为300 kg,互助县当前粮食生产能满足其基本需求,人均粮食消费水平为400 kg时,互助县当前粮食生产不能满足其基本需求,表明需要从区外调入粮食。(3)从耕地压力指数来看,近20年来,互助县最小人均耕地面积及耕地压力指数呈现持续增长态势。 相似文献
2.
The study of ecosystem service consumption (ESC) in Nepal not only helps us to understand the intensity and management level of Nepal’s ecosystem utilization, but also provides scientific data support for the establishment and planning of China’s aid to Nepal. Based on the data of food consumption and forestry production and trade, this study dynamically investigated the consumption levels, structure and ecological consumption patterns of farmland, forest, grassland, water and the integrated ecosystem in Nepal and their main driving forces, using the physical quantity accounting method. The results showed that the total consumption of farmland, forest, grassland, water and the integrated ecosystem in Nepal from 1961 to 2018 exhibited a fluctuating increase, with average value of 7.26 Tg yr-1, 6.38 Tg yr-1, 1.10 Tg yr-1, 0.02 Tg yr-1 and 14.76 Tg yr-1, respectively. The annual per capita forest consumption roughly decreased, while the annual per capita consumption of farmland, grassland, waters and integrated ecosystems mostly increased with their growth rates accelerating. The corresponding ecological consumption patterns were the “Log-Cereal-Milk” mode during 1961-1984, the “Log-Cereal-Vegetable-Root-Milk-Sugar” mode during 1985-2007 and the “Log-Cereal-Vegetable-Root-Sugar-Fruit-Milk” mode during 2008-2018. This study indicated that the supply capacity of the ecosystem (production, import and export capacity) and socio-economic factors (population density, per capita GDP and religious beliefs) are the main driving forces that are restricting the evolution of Nepal’s ecological consumption pattern. Although Nepal’s dietary structure has improved significantly, there is still a large gap between it and the standard of a balanced diet. The supply capacities of fruits, meat, eggs, milk and aquatic products should be enhanced to meet people’s demand for a balanced diet. This study can provide data support for the establishment of China’s aid projects to improve Nepal’s livelihood. 相似文献
3.
生态足迹是近年来测度生态可持续发展的一种定量方法,也是一种用来度量人类活动对生态系统压力和响应的一条新途径。通过对邵阳市2000—2004年的生态足迹进行了定量计算,结论为：邵阳市2000～2004年人均生态足迹均高于期间的人均生态承载力且每年的生态赤字平均为-0．331hm^2;从生态足迹结构组成来看,邵阳市消费集中在粮食和能源消费上;从时间变化来看,邵阳市的人均生态足迹、人均生态承载力、总生态足迹、总生态承载力、生态赤字均呈减少趋势。并利用GM（1,1）模型对邵阳市的生态足迹和生态承载力进行了建模预测,试图为邵阳市相关部门进行人口增长的控制、自然资源利用等决策提供参考。 相似文献
4.
Research on ecosystem service consumption not only helps to reveal the utilization intensity and management level of the ecosystem in Guilin, but it also provides a scientific basis for ecosystem investment, trade, subsidies and taxation by the Guilin government departments. Based on household survey data of urban and rural ecological consumption, the physical quantity accounting method is adopted for multivariate statistical analyses, such as analysis of variance and multiple comparison. This analysis reveals the differences and changes in the consumption level, consumption structure and consumption pattern of the main ecological products in Guilin among the various counties. The results fit into four main themes. (1) The annual per capita consumption of the main ecological products in Guilin varies either extremely significantly or significantly among the counties, but the consumption level of ecological products varies according to the type of products. There are significant or extremely significant differences in the annual per capita consumption of cereals, melons and fruits, pork, poultry, beef and mutton, fresh eggs and milk between urban and rural residents. (2) There are extremely significant differences in the annual per capita consumption of fruits, pork, poultry, beef and mutton, fish, fresh milk and vegetable oil among urban residents in different counties. There are also extremely significant differences in the annual per capita consumption of cereals, pork, poultry and alcohol among rural residents in different counties, and significant differences in the annual per capita consumption of fresh eggs and milk. The consumption level of ecological products by urban and rural resident varies with the type of products. (3) The ecological consumption patterns of all counties in Guilin mainly follow the “cereal + vegetable + fruit + meat” pattern for urban residents and the “cereal + vegetable + meat” pattern for rural residents (except for the rural residents in Pingle, which show the “cereal + vegetable” pattern). The consumption structure of urban residents is better than that of rural residents. (4) There is a large gap between the ecological consumption of urban and rural residents in Guilin and China's recommended standards, except for cereals and meat. The main problems are excessive meat intake, and insufficient intake of dark vegetables, fruits, eggs, milk and fish. Therefore, we should make full use of forestland, grassland, water and other resources in the area, and vigorously develop fishery, fruit and vegetable production and herbivorous animal husbandry to meet people's ecological needs for dark fruits and vegetables, eggs, milk and fish in Guilin City. 相似文献
5.
食物生产是影响温室效应气体排放的重要方面,由于食物类型不同其碳排强度存在较大的差异,因此当前中国居民食物消费快速演替必然会对生态碳环境产生重要影响。论文利用洛伦兹曲线和基尼系数,研究1997—2016年中国城乡居民食物消费在生产过程中碳排放时空演变及其主要驱动因子。主要结论如下：① 在数量上,中国居民食物消费碳排放总量和人均量整体都呈现逐渐的增长刚性,但仍属于低碳消费模式;② 在结构上,各类型食物碳排放演变呈现显著的分异态势,整体上动物性食物碳排放增长速度快于植物性食物碳排放减少速度;③ 在城乡差异上,城镇和乡村居民食物消费碳排放在数量、结构和趋势上表现出显著的城乡二元属性,但近年城乡差异表现出减缓趋势;④ 在空间上,各地食物消费碳排放呈现较显著的民族性、地域性、集聚性和中心“塌陷”的特征,碳排放密度高值主要分布在直辖市和沿海经济相对发达地区;⑤ 在驱动力上,结构演替是全国居民食物消费碳排放总量整体变化的主要驱动因素,而人口数量是各地地域空间差异分布的主要驱动因子。 相似文献
6.
基于水供给服务空间流动模型的渭河流域水资源安全格局 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
基于VIC模型量化了渭河流域水资源供需平衡关系;构建了水供给服务流动模型,模拟了渭河流域2005年、2010年和2015年的水资源安全格局,利用地理探测器探寻了区域水资源安全的主要驱动力。结果表明：① 流域内水资源供需矛盾突出,平均每年有10.89 %的地区经上游水资源补给后达到用水安全,补给不充分和未受补给的区域增加,不利于流域可持续发展。② 2005年水资源安全指数（WSI）最高,2010年最低。区域WSI的变化是自然要素和人文要素综合作用的结果,其主导因素为农业耗水量和人口。③ 农业耗水和生活耗水对区域水安全的解释力最强,通过研究发现渭南市农业用水效率过低,西安咸阳市人均生活用水过高。应倡导节水型农业、控制城市用水定额、调整水费、增强居民节水意识以提高流域水资源安全。 相似文献
7.
《寒旱区科学》2021,13(4)
A prominent contradiction between supply and demand of water resources has restricted local development in social and economic aspects of Zhangye City, located in a typical arid region of China. Our study quantified the Water Resource Stress Index(WRSI) from 2003 to 2017 and examined the factors of population, urbanization level, GDP per capita, Engel coefficient, and water consumption per unit of GDP by using the extended stochastic impact by regression on population,affluence and technology(STIRPAT) model to find the key factors that impact WRSI of Zhangye City to relieve the pressure on water resources. The ridge regression method is applied to improve this model to eliminate multicollinearity problems. The WRSI system was developed from the following three aspects: water resources utilization(WR), regional economic development water use(WU), and water environment stress(WE). Results show that the WRSI index has fallen from 0.81(2003) to 0.17(2017), with an average annual decreased rate of 9.8%. Moreover, the absolute values of normalized coefficients demonstrate that the Engel coefficient has the largest positive contribution to increase WRSI with an elastic coefficient of 0.2709, followed by water consumption per unit of GDP and population with elastic coefficients of 0.0971 and 0.0387, respectively. In contrast, the urbanization level and GDP per capita can decrease WRSI by-0.2449 and-0.089, respectively. The decline of WRSI was attributed to water-saving society construction which included the improvement of water saving technology and the adjustment of agricultural planting structures. Furthermore, this study demonstrated the feasibility of evaluating the driving forces affecting WRSI by using the STIRPAT model and ridge regression analysis. 相似文献
8.
全生育期内作物需水量的研究是农业水资源有效利用和进行合理灌溉的重要依据。基于三江平原22个气象站点2000—2015年逐日气象观测资料及中国区域地面气象要素数据集，利用国际粮农组织 （FAO）Penman-Monteith模型和分段单值平均作物系数法，分别对三江平原水稻、玉米和大豆的作物需水量进行计算，分析作物需水量年际变化特征，采用通径分析法研究作物需水量的变化成因。结果表明：（1）三江平原16 a来年均参考作物蒸散量为537.4 mm，日均为 3.5 mm，呈波动减少趋势。（2）生长季内，水稻在分蘖期需水量最大，为177.1 mm，玉米在七叶期需水量最大，为99.7 mm，大豆在结荚期需水量最大，为96.1 mm；水稻、玉米和大豆的净灌溉需水量分别为195.4 mm、130.8 mm和72.2 mm，对灌溉的依赖程度水稻>玉米>大豆。（3）由通径分析结果可知，三江平原作物需水量的主要影响因素为净辐射、气温和日照时数。 相似文献
9.
Influencing mechanism of energy-related carbon emissions in Xinjiang based on the input-output and structural decomposition analysis 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Analysis of carbon emission mechanism based on regional perspectives is an important research method capable of achieving energy savings and emission reductions. Xinjiang, an important Chinese energy production base, is currently going through a period of strategic opportunities for rapid development. Ensuring stable socio-economic development while achieving energy savings and meeting emission reductions targets, is the key issue currently facing the region. This paper is based on the input-output theory, and conducts a structural decomposition analysis on the factors affecting energy-related carbon emissions in Xinjiang from 1997 to 2007; this analysis employs a hybrid input-output analysis framework of “energy - economy - carbon emissions”. (1) Xinjiang’s carbon emissions from energy consumption increased from 20.70 million tons in 1997 to 40.34 million tons in 2007; carbon emissions growth was mainly concentrated in the production and processing of energy resources, the mining of mineral resources, and the processing industry. (2) The analysis of the direct effects of the influencing factors on carbon emissions showed that the change in per capita GDP, the final demand structure, the population scale, and the production structure were the important factors causing an increase in carbon emissions, while the decrease in carbon emission intensity during this period was the important influencing factor in stopping the growth of carbon emissions. This showed that while the sizes of Xinjiang’s economy and population were growing, the economic structure had not been effectively optimized and the production technology had not been efficiently improved, resulting in a rapid growth of carbon emissions from energy consumption. (3) The analysis of the indirect effects of the influencing factors of carbon emission showed that the inter-provincial export, fixed capital formation, and the consumption by urban residents had significant influence on the changes in carbon emissions from energy consumption in Xinjiang. (4) The growth of investments in fixed assets of carbon intensive industry sectors, in addition to the growth of inter-provincial exports of energy resource products, makes the transfer effect of inter-provincial “embodied carbon” very significant. 相似文献
10.
中国耕地与未来30年食物需求、保障及对策 总被引：22，自引：1，他引：22
在未来的 30年中 ,中国的人口将继续增长 ,至 2 0 30年达到峰值 1 6亿 ,净增 3亿左右。随着社会经济的发展 ,人民生活水平的提高 ,人均食物需求的量与质越来越高。届时中国食物的保障能力受到国际社会的普遍关注。中国到 2 0 30年 ,满足上述食物需求量 ,食物主要来自耕地的生产潜力和非耕地的食物替代生产两方面。在政策非常强有力、一切从保护耕地出发、严格控制耕地占用和维持动态平衡的条件下 ,到 2 0 30年 ,中国耕地面积可保持 1 31× 1 0 6 hm2。而中国到 2 0 1 0年、 2 0 30年年人均需求粮食分别为 42 0 kg和460 kg,这两个基期年分别需求粮食总量为 5 796× 1 0 8kg和 7360× 1 0 8kg。研究认为 2 0 1 0年、 2 0 30年中国耕地动态变化后食物保障能力分别在 93%和 87%。非耕地资源食物替代是补充食物生产和缓解耕地压力的重要途径。 2 0 30年其食物替代能力可达到 90 0 0 0×1 0 3t,其中草业 3380 0× 1 0 3t,木本粮油 1 70 0 0× 1 0 3t,水域 2 5 82 0× 1 0 3t,野生生物 1 340 0× 1 0 3t,非耕地的事物替代能力达到约 1 0 %。中国食物生产与发展的四个保证 ,一是有效的保护耕地政策 ,二是科学技术进步与科技投入 ,三是构建食物生产体系与保障体系 ,四是高效利用水资源的技术与措施。 相似文献
11.
全球变暖对区域水资源影响的计算分析：以海南岛万泉河为例 总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23
自1985年世界气象组织(WMO)在奥地利召开全球气候增暖的专门会议之后,全球气候变暖对水资源及陆地生态系统的影响成为非常活跃的研究领域。本文利用水量平衡模型,采取假定气候方案方法,分析了万泉河流域水资源状况对全球增暖的响应。结果表明:温度升高将明显导致区域径流量减少、年径流系列的不稳定性增强、土壤蓄水降低,同时径流年内分配也发生变化。为未来全球变暖状况下,区域水资源管理提供依据。 相似文献
12.
Currently, the topic of food waste and its environmental impacts is attracting increasing attention among academic researchers. Based on an investigation of restaurants in Beijing, this study analyzes the quantities, structures, characteristics and costs of the agricultural resources related to food waste in the catering industry in Beijing. The results show that: (1) The average food waste per capita per meal is about 75.02 g (raw) for food away from home among Beijing urban residents, which means that about 10.52% of the food is wasted. (2) According to the quantitative ranking of different categories of food waste, vegetable is the most wasted, followed by meat, aquatic products, and grains. The foods in the other categories are wasted much less. (3) Food waste is affected by the restaurant type, as well as the number, gender, age, education level, and consumption motivation of the consumers. (4) Based on the estimated food waste per capita, about 417.92 thousand tons of food is wasted annually at the consumption stage in the catering industry in Beijing. This food waste amount is equivalent to approximately 765.53 tons of cereals which are wasted, and this represents 79.66% of cereals production and 13.15% of cereals consumption in Beijing. Estimated by the required land use, this amount of food waste means that the total production of approximately 166.12 thousand ha of arable land is being wasted in Beijing. 相似文献
13.
《地理学报(英文版)》2017,(3)
Analysis of carbon emission mechanism based on regional perspectives is an important research method capable of achieving energy savings and emission reductions.Xinjiang,an important Chinese energy production base,is currently going through a period of strategic opportunities for rapid development.Ensuring stable socio-economic development while achieving energy savings and meeting emission reductions targets,is the key issue currently facing the region.This paper is based on the input-output theory,and conducts a structural decomposition analysis on the factors affecting energy-related carbon emissions in Xinjiang from 1997 to 2007;this analysis employs a hybrid input-output analysis framework of "energy- economy- carbon emissions".(1) Xinjiang's carbon emissions from energy consumption increased from 20.70 million tons in 1997 to 40.34 million tons in 2007;carbon emissions growth was mainly concentrated in the production and processing of energy resources,the mining of mineral resources,and the processing industry.(2) The analysis of the direct effects of the influencing factors on carbon emissions showed that the change in per capita GDP,the final demand structure,the population scale,and the production structure were the important factors causing an increase in carbon emissions,while the decrease in carbon emission intensity during this period was the important influencing factor in stopping the growth of carbon emissions.This showed that while the sizes of Xinjiang's economy and population were growing,the economic structure had not been effectively optimized and the production technology had not been efficiently improved,resulting in a rapid growth of carbon emissions from energy consumption.(3) The analysis of the indirect effects of the influencing factors of carbon emission showed that the inter-provincial export,fixed capital formation,and the consumption by urban residents had significant influence on the changes in carbon emissions from energy consumption in Xinjiang.(4) The growth of investments in fixed assets of carbon intensive industry sectors,in addition to the growth of inter-provincial exports of energy resource products,makes the transfer effect of inter-provincial "embodied carbon" very significant. 相似文献
14.
基于社会经济统计数据,采用生产性生态足迹模型,评估并对比了我国四大沙地地区2000年和2015年的生产性生态足迹和生态赤字/盈余状态,以揭示区域的可持续性。结果表明：2000-2015年,四大沙地地区人均生态足迹总体呈现增加趋势,毛乌素沙地地区人均生态足迹年均增长率最高,达20.85%,增长量为79.21 hm2·人-1;人均生态足迹主要以化石能源足迹和草地足迹为主;2000-2015年四大沙地地区生态赤字程度在不断增强,毛乌素沙地地区人均生态赤字变化量最大,达79.51 hm2·人-1,造成赤字程度加大的主要原因是地区化石能源的大量生产。随着人们生活水平的提高,人们对资源的需求量也在不断增加,当前四大沙地地区社会经济的发展在一定程度上仍以自然资源大量生产和消耗为代价,经济发展和环境保护之间的平衡仍存在挑战,需要根据各地区的具体情况制定有针对性的管理措施,以维持区域的可持续发展。 相似文献
15.
江苏省区域旅游业碳排放测度及其因素分解 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
区域旅游业碳排放测度是分解旅游业减碳任务的需要。依托1997年、2002年和2007年的投入产出表和旅游终端收入,以江苏省为案例地,测度了旅游业各部门包括直接和间接碳排放的旅游业碳排放总量,并利用LMDI分解了影响因素的作用机理。结果显示,旅游业碳排放总量增长较快,较均衡分布于各部门,绝大多数来自间接层面;国内游客的碳排放总量显著高于入境游客,但前者的每人次碳排放远低于后者,也远低于发达国家,还低于发展中国家;省内各地区的碳排放总量和每人次碳排放均存在着显著差异;游客规模不断扩大和旅游消费水平持续提高是碳排放增长的主要驱动力,能源强度下降和能源结构调整则对碳排放具有一定的抑制作用,收入结构变动作用具有一定的阶段波动性特征。结果表明,旅游业减碳不仅需各部门共同分担,更依赖向其提供中间产品的关联产业的大力联动;国内游客是主要碳源,需要大量排放空间;游客每人次碳排放高的地区应承担较大的减排责任;降低能源利用强度和引导旅游消费低碳发展,是旅游业碳减排的主要方向。 相似文献
16.
21世纪中国主要粮食产区的空间格局特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Grain production is an important issue for the national economy and the livelihood of the Chinese people. It serves as the foundation of national development and social stability. China is a major grain producer as well as a major grain consumer. The grai… 相似文献
17.
干旱化背景下区域产业发展适应对策——以陕北榆林市为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
陕北榆林市既是我国重要的能源重化工基地, 又是生态环境极端脆弱的危急区。如何在气 候干旱化背景下围绕事关区域经济可持续发展的先导因素———水资源, 实现能源矿产资源可持 续开发, 保障基地的稳定发展是关系能源重化工基地生死存亡并危及国家能源安全的大事。本文 通过分析研究区气候变化及区域产业发展面临的各类问题, 提出应在科学发展观指导下, 以保护 性利用水资源为核心, 因地制宜地选用发展农业对策, 促进能源矿产资源合理开发。 相似文献
18.
安徽省池州市2001～2010年可持续发展动态测度与分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
安徽池州市是国家首个生态经济示范区,近十年来,城镇化、工业化水平的快速提升加剧了其发展的风险性和不稳定性,可持续发展面临较大挑战。基于生态足迹模型,对池州市2001～2010年生态足迹供给与需求进行了时间序列测度与分析,利用灰色GM(1,1)模型对2015年、2020年人均生态足迹进行了预测。结果表明:池州市人均生态足迹由2001年的1.2458hm2/人上升至2010年的2.2483hm2/人,年平均增长11.14%,人均生态赤字由0.8445hm2/人扩大至2010年的1.8266hm2/人;居民消费水平、能源消费量与人均生态足迹相关系数分别为0.844、0.945,为生态足迹驱动因素;研究时段内,能源生态足迹年均增长速度为83.75%,明显快于生物资源生态足迹增长速度;万元GDP生态足迹由2001年的2.98hm2/万元下降至2010年的1.20hm2/万元。预测2015年人均生态足迹为3.2336hm2/人,生态赤字将增至2.7926hm2/人;2020年人均生态足迹为4.4896hm2/人,生态赤字将扩大到4.0308hm2/人。针对池州生态不安全的现状,从减少能源消费、改变消费方式、提高农作物单产等方面提出了减少生态足迹的政策建议。 相似文献
19.
基于生态足迹理论,测算了1997-2009年甘肃省在保持社会经济可持续发展下的最佳耕地资源容量,运用ARIMA模型对甘肃省2010-2015年的生态足迹和生态承载力进行预测,按照《甘肃省国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划纲要》中的社会经济指标对耕地资源可持续发展容量进行情景预测。结果表明：1997-2009年,甘肃省耕地资源可持续发展容量总体上呈现上升趋势,其中1997-2002年耕地资源可持续发展容量基本低于实际耕地面积,2003-2009年,耕地资源可持续发展容量均高于实际耕地面积,出现耕地利用负荷现象;ARIMA模型预测结果显示,2010-2015年,甘肃省人均耕地生态足迹呈现上升趋势,年平均增长率为4.75%,人均耕地生态承载力呈现减少趋势,但总体上变化不大,人均耕地生态赤字从2011年成为负值,并且逐渐增加;情景预测结果显示2010-2015年,甘肃省耕地资源可持续发展容量与实际耕地面积差距愈来愈大,预计到2015年,为实际耕地面积的2.42倍,耕地利用负荷现象严重,人地关系紧张。 相似文献
20.
可持续发展评价模型:生态足迹方法及其应用——以南方丘陵山区郴州市为例 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
从生态足迹的概念、生态足迹的计算模型、生态足迹分析方法的应用等方面进行了综述;对郴州市2001年的生态足迹进行了计算.结果表明,其人均生态足迹超过了它的人均生态承载力.因此,从资源利用的有效性角度来看,寻求资源开发与保护并重,以实现区域资源的可持续利用,将是一项长期的艰巨任务. 相似文献