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豫北安阳小区现有房屋震害预测 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
杨玉成 《地震工程与工程振动》1985,(3)
安阳小区现有房屋的震害预测研究,是由十六个单位共同协作完成的,并于1983年11月通过了技术鉴定。本文简述震害预测的方法和预测的结果,给出了该小区一旦遭受6-10度地震时的预测震害分布图和震害矩阵。本项研究为制定安阳市抗震防灾对策提供了重要依据,并表明在震害预测的基础上选择加固工程,可节约投资,提高抗震加固的有效性和经济效益。 相似文献
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通过对地震重点监视防御区县、市的震害预测，提出以县城为重点、乡镇为单元的震害预测思路，同时对震害预测和减灾对策的工作程序和工作方法进行了研究 相似文献
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本文应用震害预测理论和方法，对浙江鄞县皎口地震区的震害预测实践作一介绍。同时也为经济发达的农村地区如何开展震害预测研究作一探讨。着重介绍了农村地区在地震突发的情况下，如何开展快速震害预测。 相似文献
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桥梁群体震害预测方法的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文研究了桥梁群体震害预测方法的理论，并采用模糊数学、灰色系统理论和概率分析方法，建立了中、小型桥梁群体震害预测的数学模型，在对江南一带城市地震震害预测工作中桥梁抽样单体震害预测经验法的计算基础上，给出了公路桥梁在不同地震烈度影响耻的单因素评价矩阵，为区域性的地震震害预测工作提供了一个有力的实用工具。 相似文献
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展望建筑物震害预测的发展方向 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
本文回顾了我国 建筑物震害预测研究和应用的发展过程，评论了各种预测方法的优缺点，指出了各家建议预测方法存在的不确定性，针对存在的问题，提出了减少消除物震害预测方法中不确定性的途径。最后，展望了建筑物震害预测在的实用前景和发展方向。 相似文献
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基于ArcGIS和3DS Max的砖平房震害三维可视化方法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
震害预测系统可为防震减灾提供良好的技术支持,并随着GIS技术和震害预测理论的不断完善日趋成熟。但传统的震害预测软件的结果大都以表格、曲线、直方图等二维形式进行显示,很难直观地反映建筑物震害的实体特征。因此,文中针对如何使用主流的3D建模软件建立房屋震害模型进行了研究,有效地将房屋纹理与震害信息进行合成,并结合主流的GIS软件——ArcGIS9.0,以砖平房震害为例实现了房屋震害的三维可视化,进一步促进了三维可视化技术在防震减灾方面的应用,为房屋震害可视化提供了一条新的思路,也为基于GIS的3D震害预测软件的建立提供了一条新的思路,具有一定的现实意义 相似文献
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基于BP神经网络模型的多层砖房震害预测方法 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
针对传统的基于地震烈度的建筑物震害预测方法的不足,本文以地震动峰值加速度作为建筑物震害预测的地震动指标,结合几次大地震中多层砖房的震害实例,提出了一种基于BP神经网络模型的建筑物震害预测方法,模型的输入为反映结构抗震性能的各类物理参数,输出为给定地震动峰值加速度下建筑物破坏状态的概率。研究表明:基于BP网络模型的多层砖房的震害预测结果与震害实例的实际情况比较吻合,本文的思路和方法可推广于其他不同类型的建筑结构的震害预测。 相似文献
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城市建筑物震害三维模拟在GIS中的应用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
将地理信息系统(GIS)技术用于震害预测在国内外都有较为广泛和成熟的研究。大多数的研究都是基于二维GIS技术的应用,以图表的形式显示震害预测结果,不能够直观地显示建筑物空间特征。本文以砖混结构建筑为例,总结了不同震害等级的震害特征,将提取的震害特征和建筑物纹理合成,利用Google SketchUp三维建模和ArcGIS Engine开发实现震害三维显示。本文给出了利用三维模拟技术在震害预测研究中的一种方法和思路,旨在为震后应急救援、虚拟救援训练和地震科普教学等方面提供帮助。 相似文献
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In this paper, the changes in sediment transport over 51 years from 1955 to 2006 in the Kuye River in the Loess Plateau in China are assessed. Key factors affecting sediment yield and sediment transport, such as precipitation depth, discharge, and human activities are studied. To investigate the changes in sediment yield in this watershed, a trend analysis on sediment concentration, precipitation depth, and discharge is conducted. Precipitation depths at 2 Climate Stations （CSs）, as well as discharge and sediment transport at 3 Gauging Stations （GSs） are used to assess the features of sediment transport in the Kuye River. The rtmoff modulus （defined as the annual average discharge per unit area, L/（s·km^2）） and the sediment transport modulus （defined as the annual suspended sediment transport per unit area, t/（yr km^2）） are introduced in this study to assess the changes in runoff and sediment yield for this watershed. The results show that the highest average monthly discharge during the study period in the Kuye River is 66.23 m^3/s in August with an average monthly sediment concentration of 88.9 kg/m^3. However, the highest average monthly sediment concentration during the study period in the Kuye River is 125.34 kg/m^3 and occurs in July, which has an average discharge of 42.6 m^3/s that is much less than the average monthly discharge in August. It is found that both the runoff modulus and sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS on the Kuye River has a clear downward trend. During the summer season from July to August, the sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS is much higher than those at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs on the Yellow River. The easily erodible loess in the Kuye River watershed and the sparse vegetation are responsible for the extremely high sediment yield from the Kuye River watershed. The analyses of the grain size distribution of suspended load in the Kuye River are presented. The average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Kuye River is largest in February and then decreases until June. In July, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load approaches another peak and decreases until September. Then, the median grain size of suspended load starts to increase until February of the following year. However, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Yellow River at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs is the smallest between early summer and late fall The median grain size in the Yellow River starts to increase in November and approaches the largest size in January. 相似文献
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Observations of trace gases (SO2, NH3, NO2 and O3) were made during the period 1981 to 1984 at 6 different locations representative of urban industrial, urban, nonurban, thermal power plant and marine environment. Diurnal variations of the trace gases were studied in an urban environment. Except in the urban industrial environment, the concentration of NH3 was found in the range of background values. Also, the average concentrations of NO2 and O3 at the different environments were in the order of background values. However, the concentrations of SO2 were substantially higher by about 7 times, in urban industrial and thermal power plant environments. The diurnal variations of SO2, NH3 and NO2 showed anitphase relationship with surface temperature at the urban environment station which is relatively free of industrial pollution. Discussion is centred on trace gas variations in different environments in India together with the values reported for various countries in the world. 相似文献
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The aim of this study is to estimate likely changes in flood indices under a future climate and to assess the uncertainty in these estimates for selected catchments in Poland. Precipitation and temperature time series from climate simulations from the EURO-CORDEX initiative for the periods 1971–2000, 2021–2050 and 2071–2100 following the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios have been used to produce hydrological simulations based on the HBV hydrological model. As the climate model outputs for Poland are highly biased, post processing in the form of bias correction was first performed so that the climate time series could be applied in hydrological simulations at a catchment-scale. The results indicate that bias correction significantly improves flow simulations and estimated flood indices based on comparisons with simulations from observed climate data for the control period. The estimated changes in the mean annual flood and in flood quantiles under a future climate indicate a large spread in the estimates both within and between the catchments. An ANOVA analysis was used to assess the relative contributions of the 2 emission scenarios, the 7 climate models and the 4 bias correction methods to the total spread in the projected changes in extreme river flow indices for each catchment. The analysis indicates that the differences between climate models generally make the largest contribution to the spread in the ensemble of the three factors considered. The results for bias corrected data show small differences between the four bias correction methods considered, and, in contrast with the results for uncorrected simulations, project increases in flood indices for most catchments under a future climate. 相似文献
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Changes in thermal extremes of the climate of Poland in 1951–2010 are examined. Warm extremes have become more frequent, while cold extremes have become less frequent. In the warming climate of Poland, the increase in the number of extremely warm days in a year and the decrease in the number of extremely cold days in a year have been observed. Also the increase of the maximum number of consecutive hot days in a year and the decrease of the maximum number of consecutive very cold and extremely cold days in a year have been observed. However, the trends are not of ubiquitous statistic significance, as the natural variability is strong. 相似文献
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M. MONIRUL QADER MIRZA 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(5):613-631
Abstract The basin area of the Ganges River in Bangladesh is extremely dependent on a regular water supply from upstream to meet requirements for agriculture, fisheries, navigation, salinity control, and domestic and industrial sectors. In 1975, India commissioned a barrage on the Ganges River at Farakka to divert a significant portion of the dry season flow in order to make the Calcutta Port navigable. Statistical analyses of discharge and water level data have been carried out to determine if significant changes have occurred in the hydrology of the Ganges system in Bangladesh in the post-Farakka period. Siltation of the Gorai River (an offtake of the Ganges River) has also been examined using the stage-discharge relationship and regression analysis. The analyses show that the diversion has caused considerable hydrological changes in the Ganges system in Bangladesh. The water supply in the dry season has been reduced substantially, while siltation of the Gorai River has increased significantly. 相似文献
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Cu concentrations in surface (river and lake) and subsurface waters are determined. The geographic pattern of Cu distribution in natural water is identified. This pattern is controlled by the difference between its concentrations in drained rocks and soils and the geochemical redox conditions of its migration. Territories with low, medium, and elevated Cu concentrations in natural waters are identified. The concentrations of Cu in natural waters of the region are found to be generally lower than the Clarke values. 相似文献
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3He/4He ratios up to 3.5 times the ratio of atmospheric He were found in groundwater samples. The3He enrichment can be attributed to radiogenic3He produced by in-situ beta-decay of3H. This shows that tritiogenic3He is accumulating in confined waters. From tritiogenic3He and3H concentrations, ages of groundwaters can be calculated. Detection of tritiogenic3He gives a tool to trace a tritium contamination which occurred in the past and cannot be assessed only by the3H counting method. 相似文献
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Two experiments were conducted in the Carboniferous Limestone aquifer of the Mendip Hills, Somerset, to compare the relative merits of differing groundwater tracers. The tracers employed were lithium acetate, polyethylene powder, Lycopodium spores and the fluorescent dye Pyranine Conc.; all were introduced into the aquifer at stream sinks. The first two tracers were totally unsuccessful. In the two experiments the rates of travel of the fluorescent dye and Lycopodium spores were very similar. Only relative concentrations can be measured from the recovery of spores as opposed to absoute concentration for dye which were determined using a field continuous flow fluorometer. The quantitative dye concentration data can be used with simultaneous measurements of discharge at the spring to deduce the flow geometry of the system; the input, tributary, distributary and maximum discharges in the system and the volume of the underground conduits. Data are presented which indicate that exchange takes place between the flooded conduit, and the surrounding fissured bedrock in a manner analogous to bank storage in rivers flowing on alluvium.In conclusion fluoresent tracers are valuable for the detailed investigation of a single sink to rising system; Lycopodium spores, which can be used to trace several sinks simultaneously, are a valuable technique in exploratory tracing. 相似文献
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This paper briefly summarizes the works in the processing of strong ground motion data, the factors affecting strong ground motion, the modeling of strong ground motion and the calculating of broad-band response spectrum which have been done recent years by engineering seismologists and seismologists of China. In addition, we think back to the international cooperation in strong ground motion of the recent years and make some expectations for the future. 相似文献