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1.
The chemical mass balance of calcrete genesis is studied on a typical sequence developed in granite, in the Toledo mountains, Central Spain. Field evidence and petrographic observations indicate that the texture and the bulk volume of the parent rock are strictly preserved all along the studied calcrete profile. Microscopic observations indicate that the calcitization process starts within the saprolite, superimposed on the usual mechanisms of granite weathering: the fresh rock is first weathered to secondary clays, mainly smectites, which are then pseudomorphically replaced by calcite. Based on this evidence, chemical mass transfers are calculated, assuming iso-volume transformation from the parent rock to the calcrete. The mass balance results show the increasing loss of matter due to weathering of the primary phases, from the saprolite towards the calcrete layers higher in the sequence. Zr, Ti or Th, which are classically considered as immobile during weathering, are also depleted along the profile, especially in the calcrete layer. This results from the prevailing highly alkaline conditions, which could account for the simultaneous precipitation of CaCO3 and silicate dissolution. The calculated budget suggests that the elements exported from the weathering profile are provided dominantly by the weathering of plagioclase and biotite. We calculate that 8–42% of the original Ca remains in granitic relics, while only 15% of the authigenic Ca released by weathering is reincorporated in the calcite. This suggests that 373 kg/m2 of calcium (i.e., three times the original amount) is imported into the calcrete from allochtonous sources, probably due to aeolian transport from distant limestone formations. 相似文献
2.
ABSTRACT The carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of the Austin Chalk was examined in cores representing a range of depths from surface to 3000 m in order to document the effects of burial diagenesis on carbon and oxygen isotopic composition. Low magnesium calcite oysters were separated (from 500 um wide areas) and analysed to estimate the starting composition of Cretaceous marine sediment. These gave an average value of -2·5%δ 18O; + 2·0%δ 13C (PDB). The compositions of micrite, intergranular cement, and fracture cement were analysed, and their deviation from this original marine composition was evaluated to document the progression of chalk diagenesis. Interestingly, micrite exhibits only minor variation in composition from marine values despite present burial depth ranges in excess of 3000 m. The average deviation from δ18O marine is less than 1·5. Furthermore, intergranular cement and particularly fracture cements, which occur only in the deepest cores and which clearly post-date micrite lithification, are generally indistinguishable from micrite in composition. Isotopic compositions exhibit no correlation with depth of burial despite abundant petrographic evidence of deep burial diagenesis. This uniformity in composition is interpreted as reflecting a closed, rock-dominated diagenetic system in which the compositions of precipitated carbonate cements were controlled by the composition of dissolving carbonates during lithification. As such, the composition of burial cement is not representative of the rock-water temperatures during precipitation. Thus, in the context of isotopic analyses from other carbonate systems, unless the degree of openness of the diagenetic system is known, oxygen isotopic signatures of cements cannot directly be converted to the rock-water temperatures at which they were precipitated unless the composition of the ambient porefluid is also known. 相似文献
3.
以野外露头、岩心观察为基础,综合采用普通薄片、铸体薄片、阴极发光薄片、扫描电镜、物性分析、黏土矿物X衍射等多种测试手段对胶莱盆地莱阳组砂岩储层特征、成岩作用及孔隙演化进行了研究。研究结果表明：受物源差异影响,凹陷东部以长石砂岩为主,凹陷西部以岩屑砂岩为主,富含各种塑性岩屑,莱阳组砂岩总体以低成分成熟度、中等结构成熟度为特征。压实作用、压溶作用和胶结作用是造成砂岩储层致密的主要原因。凹陷东部以胶结作用减孔为主,压实程度较弱,碳酸盐胶结物是造成砂岩孔隙度降低的主要胶结物。凹陷西部以压实作用为主,但绿泥石薄膜胶结物的存在有利于保存部分原生孔隙。莱阳组砂岩储层原生孔隙残留较少,多以次生孔隙为主。溶蚀作用,尤其是长石的溶解作用,对改善储层物性有重要作用。次生孔隙发育带主要在K 1llw、K 1ls中,成岩演化达中成岩A期,溶蚀型次生孔隙成为这一阶段主要的孔隙类型,其发育带往往是有利储层发育区。 相似文献
4.
以不同水泥掺量的水泥黏土为研究对象,进行核磁共振试验研究水泥掺量对微观孔隙分布的影响,进行变水头渗透试验研究水泥掺量对渗透性的影响,在此基础上调查水泥掺量对渗透性影响的微观机制。研究发现:水泥土的渗透系数随水泥掺量的增大而减小,其中在低水泥掺量（4%~12%）范围内急剧减小,在高水泥掺量（15%~25%）范围内呈现相对缓慢减小趋势;水泥土T 2分布曲线均呈现三峰分布,三峰分别对应于小孔、中孔、大孔,随着水泥掺量增加,T 2分布曲线总面积呈现减小趋势,其中在低水泥掺量范围内,第2峰、第3峰峰面积减小明显,在高水泥掺量范围内,第1峰峰面积显著减小。分析可知,在水泥掺量较低时,水泥水化作用优先堵塞大孔和中孔,导致渗透系数随水泥掺量增加而显著减小;在水泥掺量较高时,水泥掺量的增加主要减少小孔隙面积,大孔和中孔面积变化不大,此时增加水泥掺量对减小水泥土渗透系数的效果相对较差。 相似文献
5.
Carbonate commonly accumulates in weathering profiles developed on noncalcareous parent material under arid and semiarid climatic conditions. Such weathering profile types are widespread in Morocco, making it critical to know the sources of the calcium in order to understand the genesis of carbonate-rich soils. In this study, we use 87Sr/ 86Sr as a geochemical tracer of the Ca sources in weathering profiles developed on volcanic rocks (basalt, tuff, andesite and latite) in the Mediterranean coast of Morocco. The results show that the most of the Sr, and hence Ca, is of an external origin, derived from (i) sea-water for the profiles located near to the coast or (ii) sea-water plus Liassic carbonate outcropping in the catchment for the profiles more distant from the coastline. The contribution of the host rock is small, being less than 25%. The ratio of the Sr (Ca) from the parent material to that from the external sources is controlled by the degree of porosity developed in the profile. 相似文献
6.
Early diagenetic phosphate cements are described from the Albian condensed glauconitic limestone of the Tatra Mountains, Western Carpathians with regard to their macro- and micromorphology, distribution, classification, and genesis. The cements occur within stratigraphically condensed semi-pelagic foramini-feral-glauconitic layers and are associated with mature hardgrounds within the Tatra Albian limestone. Phosphate cement fabrics consist of crypto- to microcrystalline carbonate-fluorapatite, and they occur as: (i) rim envelopes, (ii) infillings of intraparticle porosity, (iii) rim cement, (iv) multiple rim cement, (v) palisade fabric and (vi) cluster cement. Micromorphological variability of the cement fabrics results from varying texture of the cemented sediment, the nature of original porosity, as well as from presence of associated microbial fabrics. The microbial fabrics are interpreted as fossilized coccoid cyanobacteria. Phosphate cementation developed under peculiar early diagenetic conditions within semi-closed microenvironments rich in organic matter in the marine phreatic environment. The cementation contributed to the formation of phosphatic fossils and hardgrounds. The accretion of the cements was due to concentration of biologically uptaken phosphorus near the sediment/water interface, enrichment of pore fluids with respect to phosphate, and its precipitation within restricted microenvironments. Phosphate cementation post-dated seafloor formation of pelletal glauconite but predated partial decomposition of organic matter as well as dissolution or neomorphism of aragonite and high-Mg calcite. Phosphate cementation occurred on a carbonate platform following the submersion of Urgonian reefal build-ups. Episodes of phosphate cementation were repeated during the sedimentation of the Tatra Albian limestone as a response to rapid relative sea-level rises and increased influence of nutrient-rich Tethyan waters. 相似文献
7.
冀中坳陷位于渤海湾盆地西北部,广泛发育古近纪同裂陷阶段的岩浆活动。本文利用钻井和三维地震数据,通过剖面解释以及平面均方根振幅属性提取等手段对冀中坳陷北部的廊固凹陷和文安斜坡地区进行岩浆活动研究。结果显示,廊固凹陷主要发育沙河街四段火成岩,岩石类型为玄武岩、辉绿岩和凝灰岩,地层内发育较多的岩墙及岩脉等构造,岩浆一般通过小型岩浆通道运移至地表,并呈团块状分布,具有中心式喷发的特征;文安斜坡主要发育沙河街三段火成岩,主要岩石类型为玄武岩和凝灰岩,以及少量的辉绿岩,地层内基本不发育岩墙及岩脉等构造,岩浆通过一些大型的断层运移到地表,在地表呈平行于断裂的线状分布,具有裂隙式喷发的特征。本文认为断裂发育特征的差异是控制岩浆活动差异的重要因素。廊固凹陷缺少贯通浅层和深层的大型高角度断层,因此岩浆只能分散式的通过众多岩墙及岩脉进行向上运移。文安斜坡发育了贯通深层和浅层的高角度正断层,因此岩浆可以集中地通过这些断层进行向上运移。因此是否存在贯通深层、浅层的大型断层是控制岩浆活动不同产出方式的重要因素。 相似文献
8.
A laterally extensive calcrete profile has been identified in the Late Asbian (Lower Carboniferous) shallow marine shelf limestones of the Llangollen area, North Wales. The upper surface of the profile is defined by a laterally discontinuous palaeokarstic surface and by laminated calcareous crusts which developed within the underlying limestone. The profile contains a unique series of early pore-filling vadose cements which only occur down to 1 m below the palaeokarstic surface. Cathodoluminescence reveals that these cements pre-date the late pore-filling meteoric phreatic cements which occur throughout local Asbian lithologies. A spar cement stratigraphy has been established for the calcrete profile. Subaerial vadose cements comprise two generations of non-luminescent cement, followed by a brightly luminescent generation which occasionally shows an acicular habit. This needle-fibre calcite represents the final stage of vadose cementation. Precipitation of vadose cements was contemporary with subaerial alteration and micritization of the limestone. Textures, visible only with cathodoluminescence, provide evidence of recurrent periods of fabric dissolution. The most extensive phase of dissolution occurred immediately after the precipitation of the non-luminescent subaerial vadose cements. Several different textures have been recorded, each reflecting the morphology of a partially dissolved substrate. Dissolution textures are generally confined to the walls of the larger pores and to early brecciation fractures. These probably acted as fluid pathways in the calcrete during early subaerial diagenesis. Much of the non-marine micrite in the calcrete profile appears as needle-fibre calcite under cathodoluminescence. This acicular calcite was probably formed in response to localized supersaturation of meteoric pore fluids caused by periods of near-surface evaporation. Since needle-fibre luminescence is strongly variable, these ambient conditions are not believed to have directly controlled the activator ion concentrations of cementing pore waters. Needle-fibre calcite is considered to be a cement precipitate which has almost completely recrystallized to micrite, probably during the late stages of subaerial diagenesis. Two generations of subaerial micrite which define a ‘micrite stratigraphy’, have been distinguished under cathodoluminescence. Reconstructing the diagenetic history of this ancient calcrete profile has revealed that subaerial alteration was multistaged, with many diagenetic processes acting simultaneously during a single phase of emergence. 相似文献
9.
A weathering profile on a uniform Lower Cretaceous volcanogenic sandstone from southern Victoria, Australia is enriched in rare-earth elements (REE), Y and other elements including Ba, Sr and Rb. Enrichments of REE of up to 7 times parent-rock values are associated with Fe-leached members of alteration couplets with little or no enrichment in adjacent Fe-rich members. These alteration couplets are similar in appearance to Liesegang banding. The REE have been fractionated during accumulation, leading to relative enrichment of the light rare earths (LREE). The formation of an alteration couplet from fresh rock at the weathering front involves redistribution of only Fe (and P) and does not involve redistribution of REE, Y. Ba, Sr and Rb. Breakdown of original minerals in the present soil and degradation of vermiculite in the upper part of the weathering profile releases RE and related elements into solution. This solution moves down and along the profile until it comes into contact with neutral to alkaline conditions at the narrow weathering front. Here REE particularly are absorbed and apparently fixed in vermiculite forming at the expense of biotite and chlorite. (La + Ce + Nd + Y) up to 10.1 wt.% is recorded in degraded biotite grains with similar but lower contents in the degraded diagenetic chlorite cement. Such accumulation and fractionation have important implications for REE studies involving sedimentary rocks or for that matter outcrop samples of any rock type. 相似文献
10.
Emplacement of 1.6 to 1.3 Ga Mesoproterozoic plutons in Baltica and Laurentia formed an immense belt of A-type granite batholiths that include (1) low-fO 2, ilmenite-series granite intrusions from the Baltic region to Wyoming, (2) high-fO 2, magnetite-series granite intrusions of the central to southwestern U.S., and (3) peraluminous, two-mica granite intrusions from Colorado to central Arizona. These mineralogic divisions are mirrored by substantial elemental and oxygen isotopic differences. The ilmenite-series granites, which often contain classic rapakivi textures, have the highest Fe/Mg ratios and are highest in LIL element enrichment. They also have the lowest whole-rock δ 18O values at 5.7‰ to 7.7‰. The magnetite-series granites are less potassic, less LILE-enriched, and have higher whole-rock δ 18O values, ranging from 7.6‰ to 10.8‰. Although they retain A-type characteristics, the peraluminous granites are the least LILE-enriched and have the lowest Fe/Mg ratios. They also have the highest whole-rock δ 18O values ranging from 8.8‰ to 12.0‰. Feldspar, where strongly reddened, can exhibit elevated δ 18O values, which is interpreted to indicate subsolidus exchange with surface-derived aqueous fluids. Quartz δ 18O values are interpreted to generally retain their magmatic values. The transcontinental mineralogic, chemical, and oxygen isotopic variations are interpreted as indicative of broad changes in the composition of a lower crustal source, which is compatible with a reduced mantle-derived crustal source for the ilmenite-series granites and a more oxidized crustal source for the others, including a metasedimentary component in the source for the two-mica granite subprovince. Widespread thermal metamorphism at 1.4 Ga is present throughout much of the magmatic province and is viewed as a consequence of this immense event. Compressional deformation associated with several western 1.4 Ga Laurentia granite batholiths, alternatively interpreted as the distal expressions of a presumed 1.4 Ga orogeny, have at least in part been shown to be localized on preexisting Paleoproterozoic zones of deformation. Thus, we do not find compelling evidence for a 1.4 Ga orogeny related to the formation of most of these granites. Renewed intrusions at 1.0–1.1 Ga between and immediately following phases of the Grenville orogeny indicate that situations leading to their formation need to be more broadly considered. The origin of this red granite-forming event in Laurentia and Baltica is considered as part of a global magmatic event that was coeval with intrusion of massif anorthosites and associated charnockites. Most are viewed as anorogenic, but it is recognized that the same conditions leading to their formation may have occurred during extensional phases of orogens. The immense volumes of red granites produced are also essentially unique to the Mesoproterozoic and appear to be tied to the stabilization and eventual break up of supercontinents of both Paleoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic age. 相似文献
11.
乐东A区中新统黄流组是南海北部莺歌海盆地高温超高压天然气勘探的主力层系,发育重力流水道-海底扇沉积的细、中、粗粒砂岩,中、低、特低渗物性特征,多期次、多类型碳酸盐胶结。研究碳酸盐胶结物类型、期次、成因机理及其与流体活动的关系,对于储层评价预测有重要意义。研究结果表明,碳酸盐胶结物表现为早、中、晚三期方解石与早、晚两期白云石,由早期到晚期,方解石及白云石的δ 13C、δ 18O值负偏增大,MnO、BaO、SrO等含量增高,早—中期方解石的形成与生物碎屑、碳酸盐矿物溶解再沉淀有关;晚期铁方解石、(铁)白云石的形成与深部热流体、无机CO 2、有机酸脱羧有关。方解石的溶解-沉淀受地层压力及CO 2含量共同控制,地层压力与天然气组分中CO 2含量相对较高,溶解作用较强,(铁)白云石发育;反之则溶解作用较弱,(铁)方解石发育。 相似文献
12.
塔里木盆地塔北隆起发育两组呈小角度相交(40°)的透入性X型走滑断裂,分别沿着NNE走向和NNW延伸。在对塔北哈拉哈塘地区三维地震资料解释的基础上,对走滑断层的几何展布特征以及断层的剖面变形特征进行研究;同时重点解析了RP6断裂和HA13断裂,分析比较NNW向与NNE向断层的变形及发育特征差异;结合盆地重磁资料以及周缘造山带的活动特征,对塔北隆起小角度的X型走滑断层的发育机制以及演化进行了分析。研究表明,塔北隆起走滑断层在垂向上具有明显的分层变形特征,分为三个构造层:震旦系-中寒武统下构造层(TH 3界面以下)、上寒武统-中奥陶统中构造层(TH 3-TO 3t界面)和上奥陶统-石炭系上构造层(TO 3t-TP界面)。断层在下构造层和中构造层中整体处于压扭环境,多发育正花状构造;上构造层中断层主要发育负花状构造或正断层,整体处于张扭环境。两组断裂比较,NNW向断裂活动性强,在各构造层中均有显著的断裂特征发育,垂向连通性强,发育先存基底断裂,而NE向断层主要发育在中构造层,在下构造层和上构造层中断层发育不明显。活动性分析表明,断层的形成与演化具有多期性,走滑断层的形成经历了三期主要活动:中寒武世末、中晚奥陶世和志留纪-石炭纪。塔北隆起X型走滑断裂的形成受到了NNW向基底断裂和薄弱带的控制,NNW向先存基底断裂带或薄弱带优先发育走滑断裂,基底断裂与主挤压应力方向的夹角小于45°- Φ/2,NNE断层的发育受NNW向先存断裂限制,最终形成小角度相交的X型断裂。 相似文献
13.
Zircon U–Pb ages and trace elements were determined for granulites and gneiss at Huangtuling, which are hosted by ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks in the Dabie Orogen, east-central China. CL images reveal core–rim structure for most zircons in the granulites. The cores show oscillatory zoning, relatively high Th/U ratios, and HREE enriched patterns, consistent with a magmatic origin. They gave a weighted mean 207Pb/ 206Pb age of 2766 ± 9 Ma, interpreted as dating magma emplacement of the protolith. The rims are characterized by sector or planar zoning, low Th/U ratios, negative Eu anomalies and flat HREE patterns, consistent with their formation under granulite-facies metamorphic conditions. Zircon U–Pb dating yields a weighted mean 207Pb/ 206Pb age of 2029 ± 13 Ma, which is interpreted to record a metamorphic event, possibly during assembly of the supercontinent Columbia. The gneiss has a protolith age of 1982 ± 14 Ma, which is younger than the zircon age of the granulite-facies metamorphism, suggesting a generally delay between HT metamorphism and the intrusion of post-collisional granites. A few inherited cores with igneous characteristics have 207Pb/ 206Pb ages of 2.90, 3.28 and 3.53 Ga, suggesting the presence of Mesoarchean to Paleoarchean crustal remnants in the Yangtze Craton. A few Cretaceous metamorphic ages were also obtained, suggesting the influence of post-collisional collapse in response to Cretaceous extension of the Dabie Orogen. It is inferred that the recently discovered Archean basement of the Yangtze Craton occurs as far north as the Dabie Orogen. 相似文献
14.
The Upper Permian Castile Formation of the Delaware Basin in northwest Texas and New Mexico consists of up to 600 m of evaporites and is subdivided into units of anhydrite overlain by halite. The Castile Formation has commonly been interpreted as a deep-water, deep-basin deposit in which sediments were laid down in several hundred metres of water or brine. Recent textural observations within anhydrite units, in which the thick-bedded anhydrite horizons have been interpreted as being of shallow-water origin, have challenged this assumption. This geochemical study of the oldest anhydrite unit in the Castile Formation (the Anhydrite 1 Member) attempts to resolve some of the problems regarding brine depth and evolution in the basin. The Anhydrite 1 Member has been subdivided into five major cycles on the basis of the distribution of stratigraphic units of thick-bedded anhydrite. Stable isotopic analyses of sulphur from anhydrite, and oxygen and carbon from calcite show that the basin waters were chemically homogeneous during precipitation of anhydrite, and do not indicate any significant input of meteoric, continental-derived waters. Throughout the section studied progressive enrichment of 18O upwards within cored intervals indicates continuous evaporation of the water body. Carbon isotopes appear to indicate fluctuations in organic activity within the cycles. Trace elemental analyses of Fe, Mg, Sr, Mn, Al, Ba, Zn, Pb and Cu from the sulphate fraction of the samples show a very high variability. There is a distinct increase in trace elemental abundances at the tops of cycles which may indicate variations in precipitation kinetics. Analyses of texturally defined cycles show that up-core trends for many of the trace elements correlate with changes in δ18O, indicating a progressive increase in the influence of evaporation. In addition, cyclical variations in trace elemental composition indicate changes in basin conditions with around a 350-year cyclicity. These changes are independent of δ18O values. The geochemical data do not provide conclusive proof of water depth during deposition of the Castile Formation. The data are interpreted as reflecting small-scale changes in conditions of deposition, despite the fact that water input remained essentially constant in terms of chemical composition. 相似文献
15.
Determinations of the absolute age of cleavage formation can provide fundamental information about the evolution of orogenic belts. However, when applied to cleavages in slates and phyllites, conventional dating methods are complicated by problems related to mineral separation and the presence of multiple cleavage generations. In situ high-spatial-resolution 40Ar/ 39Ar laser microprobe geochronology and microstructural observations indicate that the age of cleavage formation in slates and phyllites can be constrained by analysing zones of tightly packed cleavage domains. Three regionally developed cleavages (S 2, S 3, and S 4) are present in the northern Taconic Allochthon of Vermont and New York. Representative samples were studied from a variety of localities where these cleavages, which are defined by white micas, are well developed. In the suite of samples, only S 3 and S 4 are expressed as domains that are sufficiently wide and spatially isolated in thin section to permit quantitative 40Ar/ 39Ar geochronology. Mean 40Ar/ 39Ar laser microprobe ages for these domains are 370.7 ± 1.0 Myr for S 3 and 345.5 ± 1.7 Myr for S 4. Because estimates of the Ar closure temperature for white micas are substantially higher than the inferred growth temperatures of the micas defining S 3 and S 4, these values are interpreted as periods since cleavage formation. This interpretation is consistent with independent geochronological constraints on the age of the Acadian orogeny in the region. 相似文献
16.
基于岩心、薄片和测录井资料分析发现,鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马家沟组马五 5亚段下部发育1套盆地尺度稳定分布的微生物碳酸盐岩组合,其特征为: (1)岩石类型主要由泥质灰(云)岩、泥晶灰(云)岩、凝块灰(云)岩、叠层灰(云)岩、粘结砂屑灰(云)岩及岩溶角砾灰(云)岩等构成,凝块石主要呈层状、瘤状和格架状,叠层石可识别出层纹状、波状和柱状3种类型;(2)垂向上可识别出4种与微生物岩密切相关的、向上变深复变浅的典型沉积序列;(3)高频旋回小层划分与对比分析发现,微生物岩在横向上稳定连片分布,具有盆地尺度的可对比性和等时性;(4)基于岩心刻度测井方法建立测井相模板,依据该模板对全盆地404口井进行逐一识别和解释,发现微生物碳酸盐岩的累计厚度一般在3~7m之间,整体呈向东减薄的变化趋势,连续分布面积超过2.5×10 5km 2,揭示了较短时间内盆地尺度微生物岩规模发育的独特沉积现象。沉积序列分析表明,马五 5亚段沉积初期存在单旋回缓慢变深复变浅、多旋回组合振荡式持续缓慢海侵的海平面变化趋势,且相对平静的古构造环境与早期蒸发岩填平补齐作用的耦合提供了相对平坦的古地貌条件,因此在马五 5亚段沉积时期总体持续缓慢海侵背景下,环境同质化的底形条件是规模性浅水微生物碳酸盐岩发育的根本原因。系统报道马五 5亚段盆地尺度微生物岩的发育与分布特征,既丰富了鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马家沟组微生物岩的研究,也有助于丰富完善对碳酸盐岩台地微生物岩规模性繁育机制的认识。 相似文献
17.
Abstract A deerite-bearing rock occurs at the boundary between quartzite and metabasites within the 'schistes lustrés'of eastern Corsica. It contains the typomorphic assemblage pyroxene, blue amphibole, hematite and magnetite. Pyroxene shows homogeneous composition close to the aegirine end-member and blue amphibole is zoned from crossite core to riebeckite rim. The bulk chemical analysis of the rock is remarkable by its very high iron content and the presence of an unusually large amount of Zn which is concentrated in both deerite and amphibole. Electron microprobe analyses of the Corsican deerite are compared with those published in the literature; as shown by deerite from the Fransciscan iron formation, the principal substitution for Fe 2+ is Mn whereas the amount of substitution for Fe 3+ is low. In the system SiO 2-FeO-Fe 2O 3-Al 2O 3-Na 2O-MgO-H 2O the typomorphic paragenesis can be described by an univariant reaction interpreted as the result of a pressure decrease. P-T conditions of metamorphism, previously estimated to be 8 kbar and 300°C, are in good agreement with present knowledge of the deerite stability field. The occurrence of hematite and magnetite in equilibrium permits an estimation of the oxygen fugacity (log f o 2= -29.41 bar). Oxidation conditions are higher than those previously mentioned in the literature for similar assemblages. 相似文献
18.
Abstract Radiaxial fibrous calcite (RFC) has previously been interpreted as a marine or replacive cement. Study of the Dongjeom Formation (Early Ordovician), Korea, shows that RFC can form in marine‐meteoric mixing zones as a low‐magnesian calcite (LMC) cement. RFC in the shallow‐marine Dongjeom Formation occurs in arenaceous limestones at the top of a transgressive facies overlying a regressive facies. It shows well‐developed growth zonation, and lighter oxygen isotope values and more radiogenic strontium isotope ratios than those of Early Ordovician marine calcite. Such petrographic and chemical evidence indicates that the RFC was precipitated as a primary LMC cement in a marine and meteoric mixing zone. Owing to the unique environment of formation, the Dongjeom RFC is characterized by growth zonal fabric comprising alternating subzones, which may indicate precipitation from varying fluids. In addition, this study documents the importance of substrate for development of RFC. Early ‘nucleation’ for RFC occurred mainly on microcrystalline skeletal grains and internal sediments, whereas on homogeneously altered substrates, thin‐coated banding structure developed, ultimately forming coarse crystalline spar. This suggests that microcrystalline substrates are preferred sites for nucleation of RFC. 相似文献
20.
本文探讨了陆1井岩屑砂岩的成岩作用及其对砂岩储层的影响.研究表明,压实作用使岩屑砂岩的孔隙度随埋深迅速减小,成岩早期的胶结物使大部分原生孔隙被充填。水化作用在成岩早期及有机质半成熟和成熟期成岩作用过程中,制约着各个阶段的成岩作用特点。在水化作用和有机质热演化作用的共同影响下,使得方解石胶结物发生选择性溶蚀形成了深部(上乌尔禾组)次生孔隙发育带。 相似文献
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