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1.
建立自然保护、恢复与社会经济发展相协调的保护地评价指标体系,以达到评估景观保育情况,分析在社会经济发展中的作用,获取景观保育持续提升的方向和对策是本文目标。以云南九乡峡谷洞穴景区为例,设计了景区景观的自然性、功能性和属地性指数评价体系。九乡景区景观自然性指数为7.004,属次生景观类;景区功能性指数是7.58,属发展型景区;属地性指数6.8,属景区产业向服务社区与居民就业方向转型的过渡产业型景区。根据九乡景区景观格局和保护利用状态,提出四个景观保育区,分别是乡土植物廊道和文化景观保育区、峡谷河道景观保育区、峡谷洞穴景观与地表植被保育区、植被管护与石漠化治理区等。景观保育措施主要是自然保育与恢复,以实现管理景观自然化,同时发展景区社区主导的旅游服务业与开发民特产品,增强景观保护的社会经济基础。 相似文献
2.
《Geoforum》2016
Hydroelectricity is an old yet reliable form of renewable energy, with acknowledged social and ecological impacts. A tension currently exists between such concerns and energy needs, with dam construction and removal ongoing around the world. It is critical to better understand the implications of both on local citizens. We performed map elicitation interviews with 20 locals around the prematurely-aging Mactaquac Dam and headpond, in New Brunswick, Canada, to understand if and how they came to accept the dam landscape, and what they want for its future. A Baselines of Acceptability conceptual framework was developed to guide the interpretation. Respondents demonstrated attachment to the dam-in-place landscape, even those initially disadvantaged by its construction, and a preference for keeping the headpond intact. Despite this demonstrated adaptability, the paper calls for improved transparency, scope and justice in energy landscape decision-making, as well as further testing of the framework with different demographics, infrastructure case studies and over time. 相似文献
3.
Enacting geographies 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
John David DewsburyPaul HarrisonMitch RoseJohn Wylie 《Geoforum》2002,33(4):437-440
We conclude the editorial by glancing ahead to the individual papers. This overview seeks only to highlight motifs, themes, arcs and trajectories (since the papers will obviously exceed anything we might say about them).John Wylie's paper, An essay on ascending Glastonbury Tor, draws upon the work of Merleau Ponty and Heidegger to illustrate how the act of visualizing itself is always a making of seer and seen. The paper thus seeks to speak of a subjectivity produced and performed via practices of ascension and elevation, and, in doing so, to move towards a new understanding of visible landscape in terms of sensuous practices. Cataloguing his own ascent of Glastonbury Tor, Wylie seeks to enact the Tor for the reader, engendering its visibility, its cultural histories, and thus its sensuous reality through his narrative.Motifs of landscape and practice recur in Mitch Rose's paper, Landscape and Labyrinths, which seeks to sketch out a conceptual and methodological approach to cultural landscape beyond the structuralism of cultural geography, which, Rose argues, skewers landscape through stabilisations of meaning. An ontology of overdetermination and surplus, as elaborated by Althusser and Bataille, is offered by Rose as a possible means of becoming attentive to the excessiveness of landscape.Derek McCormack's A paper with an interest in rhythm moves from the false problematic of representing movement to become an exposition of movement within the folds of writing. In a virtuosic exploration of rhythm McCormack produces an animated space that moves, folds and achieves consistency via both non-subjectifying and subjectifying forces. Theoretical considerations are not side-stepped by this performance; rather, the particular rhythms of Deleuze, Guattari and Lefebvre are engaged and enfolded by the paper.Paul Harrison's paper The Caesura: Remarks on Wittgenstein's interruption of theory, or, why practices elude explanation, presents a precise and exacting philosophical exposition of the work of Ludwig Wittgenstein. Harrison uses the work of Wittgenstein to offer a diagnosis of idealism within much contemporary social analysis. Linking up with the special issue's concerns, Harrison suggests that it is the performative which occupies the space vacated by Idealism; a replacement of the Cartesian Ideals of certainty for 'infinitive', and distinctly geographic, understandings––taking -place, making -sense––which speak of the time of the present, not of all Time. 相似文献
4.
Mike T. Carson 《Geoarchaeology》2012,27(5):385-409
The royal court of the Kamehameha Dynasty in Kawaihae, Hawai‘i Island, presents an unequalled opportunity to examine the ethnohistoric rendering of a cultural landscape, in comparison to the geoarchaeological record of physical transformation of this same landscape. Beneath the surface, earlier occupation layers predate the historic royal precinct of the A.D. 1790s through 1820s. Drawing on results of 19 controlled excavations, point‐specific cultural activities are situated within the last several centuries of natural terrain formation, beginning A.D. 1200–1400 and ending A.D. 1830–present. Geoarchaeological excavations provide the means to place the stratified cultural deposits, occupational horizons, and activity areas in the context of depositional history, environmental transformation, and changing social circumstances in a continuous sequence. The material‐based geoarchaeological landscape chronology and the ethnohistorically defined cultural landscape are combined for a more holistic view than either one could provide independently. 相似文献
5.
The co-production of risk from a natural hazards perspective: science and policy interaction for landslide risk management in Italy 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Soil erosion remains a critical concern worldwide, and predicting the occurrence, location, and evolution of rills on hillslopes and agricultural landscapes remains a fundamental challenge in resource management. To address these questions, a relatively large soil-mantled experimental landscape was subjected to continuous rainfall and episodes of base-level lowering to force the development of a rill network system, and high-resolution digital technologies were used to quantify its evolution over time and space. These results show that waves of degradation and landscape incision occurred in response to base-level lowering, where headcut development and its upstream migration produced a fourth-order rill network. Stream order indices derived for this incised rill network confirm that this pattern emerges relatively early in time, and it remains relatively unchanged despite continued application of rainfall and additional base-level lowering. Using the same digital technologies, a surface drainage system was defined and mapped on the landscape prior to any soil erosion and rill development, and similar network indices also were derived. These results show that network characteristics and organization of this surface drainage system, as well as its location in space, were in very close agreement with the subsequent incised rill network following base-level lowering. It is demonstrated here that rill networks formed in this experiment are strongly conditioned by surface drainage patterns prior to any significant soil erosion and that the location of rill networks can be accurately delineated through analysis of the high-resolution digital terrain. 相似文献
6.
Xiaobo Su Author Vitae 《Geoforum》2011,42(4):496-505
The commodification of culture has received much attention in social and cultural geography. Based on empirical research in Lijiang, a World Heritage site in China, this paper contributes to an understanding of commodification through a focus on selling ethnic music to tourists. Drawing upon a theoretical framework of tourism commodification and the cultural politics of music, I argue that the commodification of music is embedded in a temporal process in which culture, economy, and politics synthesize to shape place making and identity building. This paper presents three major findings: (1) commodification sustains discourses of identity building and cultural revival that in turn serve to justify the pursuit of profit; (2) commodification is variegated over time and across space; and (3) commodification provides the conditions for local musicians to increase their capacity to produce local narratives of music. By demonstrating the commodification of ethnic music and the cultural politics of musical space in Lijiang, this paper calls for an interconnection of economy, culture, and politics in understanding the materiality of music. 相似文献
7.
The expression of different ethnic identities in the landscape is a product of the creation, destruction and preservation
of the built environment. This may illustrate the changing processes over the evolution of a landscape. In the case of Braşov,
Romania, it is possible to see in the urban landscape a reflection of the changing nature of the relationship between the
ethnic German and Romanian populations, and the German and Romanian governments. This paper will demonstrate the persistence
of ethnic German culture in the built environment and social organisation of Braşov in spite of the exodus of the ethnic German
population.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
8.
Miriam Billig 《GeoJournal》2016,81(1):123-137
The objective of this study was to understand the implications of forced displacement and resettlement of a rural community to an extremely different built environment in urban setting. Based on the Inglehart’s theory of cultural shifts we were able to delineate the process by which changes in physical environment caused significant changes in the community social structure and community members’ cultural identities. The collective characteristics that had once united and strengthened the community’s social structure began to dwindle. Meanwhile, a growing tendency towards individualistic characteristics gradually increased, causing the weakening and eventual dissolution of both the community and its social structure. The gradual process of community changes was reflected in the subjective narratives presented by community residents in a series of in-depth interviews conducted 4 years after the evacuation, in their new homes. Till that time, the community finally broke up, most of its members spreading out to live in various other areas. The study findings will be incorporated into a framework for resettlement policy on appropriate housing for resettled communities. 相似文献
9.
Mitch Rose 《Geoforum》2002,33(4):455-467
In the endeavour to reveal the politics behind landscape production, cultural geographers often neglect the most fundamental question of landscape, namely the question of how: how does the landscape work as both a visual and material space? How does it ‘stick' in the mind and in the world? By relying on concepts such as ideology, hegemony and naturalized discourse, cultural geographers have parried the question by assuming a structural connection between the landscape's appearance in the world and people's everyday consciousness. The goal of this paper is to provide an alternative account of the landscape's existence. I argue that the landscape comes to appear in the world as it is put to task. This means that the landscape's existence is not founded on its capacity to inscribe or normalize consciousness through its appearance in the world but on the landscape's capacity to be called forth through practice. The argument is elaborated through the work of George Bataille whose concept of the labyrinth provides the theoretical groundwork for an alternative understanding of what the landscape is as well as how it can be studied. 相似文献
10.
Despite the increasing urbanization of the Aboriginal population in Canada over the past 50 years, most municipalities have not developed services and programs designed to meet their unique social and cultural needs. Faced with numerous health and social problems, the Aboriginal population is mainly forced to rely on the non-Aboriginal social services sector. However, little is known about the extent to which such sectors seek to accommodate Aboriginal populations in their programming. We examine the extent to which the recovery system makes space for Aboriginal healing through the provision of culturally-appropriate services and programming. Through the use of 24 in-depth interviews with staff members at seven treatment facilities in Winnipeg (Canada), we find an entrenched reluctance, indifference and lack of desire to create Aboriginal spaces of healing in treatment, save for one facility where Aboriginal healing spaces serve as a focal point of treatment. We discuss the implications in terms of the effectiveness of the non-Aboriginal recovery system (along with other social services) in meeting the needs of Canada’s urban Aboriginal population. 相似文献
11.
Frame analysis has been widely employed to understand environmental conflicts. Such studies emphasize the internal dynamics of conflict and focus on how actors discursively struggle with each other in order to gain hegemony over the dominant discourse on the issue. In this paper, we argue that the explanatory power of framing theory could be enhanced by relating issue specific frames to the broader cultural context in which framing efforts are situated. In order to investigate the link between the success of framing strategies and the cultural background of such strategies, we suggest rethinking the concept of cultural resonance. We propose social representations theory as a novel way of understanding this cultural resonance of spatial and environmental frames. Based on a dispute over the management of a national park in the Netherlands, we empirically illustrate how contending stakeholders refer to different social representations of nature in the framing of local conflicts. A local protest group proves to be much more in touch with the views of the local community and is thus more successful in its framing of the dispute than the nature conservation agency involved. While the protest group uses a wide range of locally embedded representations of nature to enhance the currency of its framing efforts, the nature conservation agency responsible for the management of the forest refers to a much more limited range of representations. By making references only to the wilderness representation of nature, the cultural resonance of the agency’s framing efforts remains limited to those residents who adhere to this specific representation of nature. Consequently, this framing is not very successful among groups that adhere to other representations of nature, such as aesthetic or inclusive representations. Our analysis shows that combining framing theory with social representations theory enables one to disentangle the framing of environmental disputes from the more constant cultural values and opinions on which this framing is based. 相似文献
12.
Abdullahi Osman El-Tom 《GeoJournal》1998,46(2):155-161
Focusing on the Berti of Sudan, this article assesses the role of Islam and Arabism as important variables in the social construction
of cultural identity of the studied people. In line with most relevant recent literature, the author looks at cultural identity
as a social construct, a dynamic ideology of shifting borders and a historical process that is grounded on diachronic social
formation. The article argues that the present Berti identity is a conscious reflection of their subordinate position vis-à-vis
the kingdoms and states which have dominated Sudan over the past few centuries.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
13.
This study offers an alternative method rooted in GIS techniques and spatial analysis to estimate HIV/AIDS prevalence over space from an incomplete surveillance data set and explain the variation of those estimates. The results clearly show that the HIV/AIDS epidemic is complex and that it is interconnected with other geographic, historical, economic and cultural phenomena which help explain its spatial spread and variation. The regression models which were developed in this paper illustrated that variables which measure the historical context of colonialism such as resource exploitation and labor migration, gender, culture, contemporary global forces, poverty and disease burden have all contributed variously to the rapid spread of this disease both in space and time. The policy implication is that concentrating on behavior change or therapy alone may not turn the epidemic around. The attack needs to be multifaceted and interdisciplinary taking into consideration the context and the economic and social realities at multiple spatial scales. 相似文献
14.
Effects of land use change on landscape pattern of the Manas River watershed in Xinjiang, China 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
Yixing Feng Geping Luo Lei Lu Decheng Zhou Qifei Han Wenqiang Xu Changyin Yin Lei Zhu Li Dai Yanzhong Li Chaofan Li 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,64(8):2067-2077
The mechanism of interaction between land use change and landscape pattern is pivotal in research concerning global environmental change. Quantitative evaluation of land use change that has resulted from excessive land development and its impact on landscape pattern are important for sustainable utilization of local land resources. The study area was the Manas River watershed, a typical watershed in an arid area. The present study evaluated the influence of long-term land use change on the landscape pattern; the findings are valuable for economic development and environmental protection. The processes for land use change and changes in landscape pattern were reconstructed and analyzed for data in topographic maps dated 1962 and in remote sensing images taken in 1976, 1989, 1999 and 2008 using mathematical models and landscape metrics. The results indicate significant changes in land use over the past 50 years, with increases in the areas of cultivated land and construction land, and a significant decrease in unused land and woodland areas; grassland and water resources first increased and then tended to decrease over this time. The comprehensive index of land use change is 0.55, indicating an unbalanced, one-way transition in the study area. Landscape fragmentation and diversity increased and landscape dominance decreased; in other words, differences between landscapes decreased. The changes resulted in a significant tendency toward diversity and fragmentation of the landscape. Therefore, large-scale intensive agricultural development can reduce the negative influence of land use change on the landscape pattern. 相似文献
15.
Andrea Nightingale 《Geoforum》2003,34(4):525-540
This paper presents a theoretical framework for analyzing human–environment issues that examines shifting, dialectical relationships between social and power relations, cultural beliefs and practices, and ecological processes to allow an interdisciplinary, complex assessment of social and environmental change in Nepal. The purpose of this analysis is to capture the complexity and non-static nature of environmental and social change in the context of uneven development. Drawing from political ecology and feminist geography, this framework brings together scholarship on aspects of human–environment issues that are often pursued in isolation, yet all three processes, social–political relations, cultural practices and ecological conditions, have been acknowledged as important in shaping the trajectory of social and ecological change. I argue that a consideration of the articulations between them is necessary to understand first, how specific land management regimes arise and are dominant over time in specific places. And second, I examine the extent to which these regimes distribute resources equitably within communities, promote economic development and sustain ecological resilience. In this analysis, ecological processes are conceptualised as co-productive of social and cultural processes to explore their role in land management regimes without resorting to environmental determinist or similarly reductive paradigms. I present this framework through the example of natural resource management, specifically community forestry in Nepal, as it offers a rich case study of the relationships between the political economy of land use and the ecological effects of natural resource extraction. 相似文献
16.
The urban fringe, which can be seen as a special form of regional ecosystem with a spatial transition from urban to rural
areas, has strong heterogeneity and is a typical ecologically sensitive area. The expansion of cities and the landscape effect
of the changes have attracted wide attention. The primary aim of this study is to obtain an understanding of the spatial patterns
of landscape conversion and the corresponding environmental sustainability. With the help of GIS and Fragstats software, the
changes of landscape patterns before and after town planning were compared in An-Ding town of Beijing, of which the sustainability
was also revealed based on the ecological footprint using social and economic statistic data. The results showed that the
landscape pattern changed greatly during its conversion from several villages to a small town and the landscape fragmentation
increased due to road construction. Meanwhile, human disturbance increased with the constructed land extension. For the gap
between the ecological footprint and the biological capacity, An-Ding town ran an ecological deficit at that period, which
means it was unsustainable. However, the environmental sustainability decreased after planning due to the degraded green land
and forest. The results suggested that ecological management should be strengthened during the town planning period. 相似文献
17.
Hong-Key Yoon Dr. 《GeoJournal》1991,25(4):387-392
Geomentality is an established and lasting frame (state) of mind regarding the environment. It is necessarily translated into
a geographical behavioral pattern and is reflected in a pattern of cultural landscape. An individual or a group of people
can hold a geomentality about a particular environment. What an architect's plan is to a building, a geomentality is to a
pattern of cultural landscape. Geomentality is ultimately responsible for the development of a cultural landscape pattern.
Determining a geomentality is therefore the key in explaining a pattern of cultural landscape more profoundly than is possible
by some conventional methods. 相似文献
18.
《Geoforum》2016
This paper is based on 6 months of ethnographic, multi-sited research in Malaysia, and investigates the relatively recent phenomenon of edible birds’ nest farming in urban areas (‘swiftlet farming’). Swiftlet farms are typically converted shophouses or other buildings which have been modified for the purpose of harvesting the nests of the Edible-nest Swiftlet (Aerodramus fuciphagus). I use the controversy over urban swiftlet farming in the Malaysian city of George Town, Penang, to examine discourses used by key stakeholders to shape debates over the place of non-human animals in cities. By considering everyday experiences of urban swiftlet farming, I explore how this burgeoning industry is perceived amongst residents, and how it is deemed to be (in)appropriate within the political, economic and cultural landscape of George Town. Yet, I also consider how farmers have sought to contest these discourses on ideological and normative grounds. In so doing, I place the cultural animal geographies literature in conversation with emergent literature on landscape and urban political ecology. Such a framing allows for a critical evaluation of the controversies surrounding this case, and their implications for human-animal cohabitation in cities. The paper reflects on the implications of this case for how we regulate human-animal relations and live in contemporary cities, and the crucial role of animals in altering urban form, aesthetics and everyday life, particularly in non-Western contexts. 相似文献
19.
20.
Emrys Jones 《Geoforum》1984,15(1):5-9
Location referring to the earth's structure is absolute and unique. Relative location, emphasising relationships between places, is the basis of locational analysis. Specific location implies a designation of places in terms of social activities and values. A place is a location invested with social values. Space may be undifferentiated until the accumulation of activities and values begin to map it into a meaningful cultural landscape. The significance of specific places can be extended to regions and to states, in which there is convenience between a territory and a value system. Although experiential, this approach to understanding places is a necessary corrective to the incomplete view of reality of orthodox positivism. 相似文献