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1.
强热带风暴“风神”(0806)螺旋雨带中尺度结构双多普勒雷达的研究 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
利用广州和深圳新一代多普勒天气雷达时间同步探测资料进行双多普勒雷达风场反演,分析了强热带风暴"风神"(0806)螺旋雨带的三维动力结构。螺旋雨带内部强回波区的低层有强辐合区,最大辐合超过-15×10-4 s-1;雨带的高层以辐散气流为主。雨带内部上升和下沉气流共存,最大上升气流为4 m/s,最大下沉气流超过-1 m/s。在沿着风暴中心的垂直剖面内,螺旋雨带外侧低层有较强的内流,气流从雨带外侧低层进入,最强内流位于1 km高度以下;雨带内侧有明显的外流。两支气流在雨带强回波区辐合,水汽在此处辐合抬升;这种动力结构对于强降水的维持具有重要作用。切向速度呈逆时针旋转,最大速度在3 km高度层,速度值随高度的增加逐渐减小。 相似文献
2.
强台风罗莎(Krosa)于2007年10月7日15:30在福建省福鼎和浙江省苍南交界处第三次登陆,登陆期间,"罗莎"外围螺旋雨带恰好穿越宁波和舟山双多普勒雷达同步观测区。利用双多普勒雷达三维风场反演技术对双雷达时间同步探测资料进行风场反演,研究了螺旋雨带的三维风场结构。在螺旋雨带内部低层有多个强回波区。3 km高度以下,在雨带上游,雨带外侧水平速度与雨带夹角较小,内流较弱;雨带下游,水平速度与雨带夹角逐渐增大,内流较强;在雨带内侧有明显的外流。垂直剖面内,雨带外侧低层有明显的内流,气流从雨带外侧2 km高度以下的低层进入雨带;而在雨带内侧存在明显的外流,两支气流在雨带内部低层辐合,在雨带内部形成强回波区;外围螺旋雨带切向速度分量随高度增加而逐渐减小,最大速度区在2 km高度。 相似文献
3.
为研究降雹超级单体风暴的三维结构特征,利用厦门、龙岩、梅州3部新一代天气雷达（CINRAD/SA）基数据,采用基于动态地球坐标系的双雷达和三雷达三维风场反演技术,分析了2016年4月8日傍晚福建省南部漳州地区出现的一次冰雹过程的回波强度、三维风场及相关物理量分布变化。主要结果为：（1）冰雹云初生、发展阶段,低层水平流场出现气旋性辐合,云体内部形成较强的上升运动。（2）冰雹云强盛阶段,回波顶高度达16 km,其中大于60 dBz的回波高度由5.3 km发展至9 km,最强回波达74.5 dBz,伴随出现最长达25 km的三体散射长钉回波和32.7 km的旁瓣回波。低层水平维持气旋性流场的同时,高层出现反气旋性流场。4-8 km高度内,大于20 m/s的强上升气流持续近37 min。最大垂直速度达51.06 m/s,出现在超级单体悬垂部（约7.5 km高度处）。（3）降雹时段,出现明显的下沉气流。降雹超级单体的三维流场结构表现为：风暴移向前沿低层气旋性气流进入风暴后逐渐倾斜上升,到达风暴顶形成反气旋性气流,并逐渐向下形成下沉气流。（4）系统减弱阶段,出现系统性下沉气流,强回波底及地。双雷达和三雷达能较好地反演降雹超级单体的三维风场精细结构,有助于加深对冰雹云结构的认识进而提高冰雹预报能力。 相似文献
4.
双雷达反演台风外围强带状回波风场结构特征研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
利用移动新一代天气雷达 (CINRAD/CCJ) 和长乐新一代天气雷达 (CINRAD/SA) 基数据, 采用地球坐标系下的双雷达三维风场反演技术, 重点分析了2007年8月18日凌晨超强台风 “圣帕” 外围强带状回波的风场特征。结果表明, 带状回波具有以下特征: (1) 强盛阶段, 每个强回波中心在前进方向的右侧或右后侧对应于强东偏北风速中心 (强风核), 其中最强回波中心前侧还存在弱风速中心。这样的水平风场结构从低层一直保持到中层, 使得强回波区对应于水平辐合和正涡度区, 产生明显的上升运动, 有助于对流的发展和维持。强盛阶段云体快速移动。相对于移动的云体来说, 前侧及后侧中低层气流均指向强回波, 在强回波区及后侧水平辐合形成上升气流, 最大上升速度出现在强回波中心与北侧强风核之间。同时在强回波上空高层出现辐散, 气流主要向后流出。 (2) 减弱阶段, 较强回波中心或其北侧对应于弱风速中心, 回波中心出现负涡度区。云体移速变慢。相对于移动的云体来说, 偏东气流穿过云体。回波区气流辐合较弱, 明显的上升区出现在中层较强回波近台风中心一侧。(3) 强风核可以将位于带状回波前进方向后侧的处于减弱阶段螺旋云带的动量和水汽向带状回波发展区输送, 因此, 强风核结构很可能是带状回波快速发展的主要原因。 相似文献
5.
浙江沿海登陆台风结构特性的多普勒雷达资料分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用浙江省新一代多普勒雷达组网资料,选取在浙江东南沿海近乎同一地点登陆的3个台风进行研究。从登陆前6 h到登陆后7 h,对比分析3个台风在登陆前后的雷达回波和降水结构时空变化特征。利用单多普勒雷达四维变分风场反演技术,对温州多普勒雷达探测资料进行了风场反演。结合利用雷达回波强度资料,对3个台风登陆前后1 h在云岩、昌禅等地造成特大暴雨的中尺度对流系统的三维结构及其演变特征进行了详细分析。结果表明,台风强度与其螺旋云带中的对流单体密切相关。台风强度愈强,其中低层环状平均回波强度就愈强,对流活动也就愈旺盛,降水强度也愈大。台风登陆前,回波(雨带)从眼墙向外围传播。台风登陆后,随着台风外围回波(雨带)明显减弱,台风眼墙回波(雨带)则明显增强,台风眼区逐渐被强回波所取代,使台风登陆后眼墙的平均雨强比登陆前增大。台风登陆后1 h,由于低(高)层水平辐合(散)增强,强对流回波中倾斜的上升(下沉)气流明显增大,使对流运动更加活跃,造成登陆后1 h的降雨量显著增强。台风强度与登陆后1 h降雨量的增强幅度成正比。台风强度越强,垂直风切变就越大,垂直切变风速大值区与最大降雨区有较好的对应关系。台风登陆后1 h,垂直切变风速的明显增加对登陆台风螺旋雨带中的中小尺度对流的加强和维持起到了非常重要的作用。 相似文献
6.
利用TRMM卫星LIS, PR和TMI资料,对2000—2007年41个登陆我国的台风中闪电活动和降水特征进行分析。结果表明:台风中的闪电活动整体较弱,相对而言,外雨带中的闪电活动最强,其次是眼壁,内雨带最弱,而眼壁的闪电密度最大。闪电活动沿台风径向有两个明显的高值区,主峰出现在距台风眼375 km的外雨带,次峰出现在距台风眼55 km的眼壁和内雨带相交的边界附近。台风中对流云降水面积远小于层云降水面积,其中外雨带中的对流云降水面积最大,其次是眼壁,内雨带最小;但对流降水对总降水量的贡献与层云相当。眼壁和内雨带中的对流云和层云的降水回波平均高度都小于外雨带。分析表明:TMI观测到的85.5 GHz极化修正亮温 (TPC85.5) 越低,闪电发生概率越大,外雨带具有最低的TPC85.5。有、无闪电发生区域的平均6 km高度雷达反射率因子和TPC85.5差异明显。台风区域内,闪电活动位置对应的平均6 km雷达回波强度普遍大于20 dBZ,而无闪电发生位置普遍低于30 dBZ。 相似文献
7.
利用多普勒天气雷达资料及反演风场和常规观测资料,对2014年11月2日发生在北黄海（山东半岛北部海上）一次罕见海龙卷风暴的中尺度特征进行了分析。结果表明：冷空气、暖湿海面热力边界、山东半岛北部近海岸西北风与偏西风的辐合线是海龙卷风暴发生的天气背景。海龙卷风暴发生时雷达回波PPI最大分贝反射率因子为60 dBZ,高度为2.0 km,最高风暴顶为4.5 km,最大垂直累积液态水含量VIL为21 kg·m-2。利用雷达反演风场进行中尺度特征分析,结果表明：在海龙卷风暴发生发展过程中,低层风辐合对应4.0 km高度上是风辐散,海上有较强的偏南暖湿气流输送到雷暴区。中尺度动力特征：最大正涡度和散度辐合在1.0 km以下,低层正涡度和散度辐合、高层散度辐散是雷暴发生初期动力特征;低层没有正涡度和散度辐合、高层为正涡度和散度辐合是雷暴开始发展的动力特征;低层和高层为大的正涡度和散度辐合是雷暴成熟阶段的动力特征。高空冷空气叠加上低空强的偏南气流,造成局地涡度加大和低层辐合加强,使低层暖湿气流倾斜上升。海龙卷与辐合区的冷空气和暖湿气流有关。 相似文献
8.
一次飑线过程多普勒雷达资料分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用济南CINRAD/SA多普勒雷达产品,针对2006年7月5日飑线天气过程,分析回波发展演变、流场结构,讨论外流边界、强下沉气流与大风的关系,分析组合反射率因子、垂直液态含水量、中气旋产品特征.结果发现,飑线过境时风速出现两个极大值,一个出现在外流边界影响时段,另一个发生在强回波下沉气流影响时段;在横槽南下过程中,飑线后部强入流不断补充,前侧暖湿气流沿着后部入流爬升,不断产生新的单体,使得风暴得以维持发展;在垂直流场结构上表现为前侧暖湿气流倾斜上升,然后主体部分向后倾斜,后部有冷空气注入,形成下沉气流,下沉气流在地面附近辐散,与前侧入流形成低层阵风锋,是造成地面破坏性大风的主要因素.在水平流场结构上表现为低层存在气流辐合上升运动,中层有气旋性旋转气流,风暴高层为辐散气流.飑线消散阶段后期中层出现MARC,带来大风天气,而同时伴有冰雹天气的风灾产生在飑线达到最强至开始减弱的时段.当回波强度≥50dBz,且垂直液态含水量≥35kg·m-2,当有中气旋时,有利于产生冰雹和大风天气;外流边界的出现,反映了强对流回波后部下沉气流较强,是灾害性大风的前兆. 相似文献
9.
台湾海峡中气旋结构特征的单多普勒雷达分析 总被引：9，自引：7，他引：2
2004年9月10日傍晚,在台湾北部海面大范围中尺度对流雨带中有一钩状回波并伴随中气旋.受台湾东北部和西南部海面两个热带低压系统的环流影响,海峡北部海面有一大尺度的风切辐合带,为中气旋发展提供了有利环境.文中利用台湾地区北部民用航空局中正机场多普勒雷达资料,分析中气旋特征,结果显示此中气旋由低层形成随后向上发展,最高可达8 km以上,内核直径先是低层大中层小,随后中层扩大与低层接近成圆柱状,之后快速减弱,整个过程约2 h.进一步用地基雷达风速轨迹显示法(GBVTD)反演中气旋成熟期间的环流结构变化,结果显示在分析期间,最大风半径维持在5-6 km,且随时间在高度分布由向内倾斜转化为无明显倾斜再到向外倾斜.轴对称径向风先在低层最大风速半径以内有外流,以外有内流,在最大风速半径处为上升运动区并伴随强回波,而在气旋中心附近为下沉运动区.随后气旋中心回波和下沉运动均逐渐增强,同时低层外流增强并扩散至最大风速半径外,相应的上升运动和强回波也移至最大风速半径外.切向风先呈现波数1的非对称结构,最大风速区位于气旋移动的左侧,且随高度有沿逆时针方向旋转的现象,随后显著增强,分布趋于对称,最大轴对称切向风达20 m/s位于约1 km高度.此后切向风速逐渐减弱,同时波数1非对称结构又有加强的趋势,最大风速区位于移动方向左前侧.中气旋发展过程和结构同其他地区观测的非超级单体微气旋非常相似,其成熟期环流特征同台风结构也非常类似,不同之处在于其中心下沉运动及低层外流为降水所造成,且尺度和生命期均远小于台风. 相似文献
10.
台风“珍珠”螺旋雨带的数值模拟与诊断分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1°×1°的NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,应用非静力中尺度模式WRF对0601号台风＂珍珠＂进行数值模拟,研究暴雨的成因以及螺旋雨带内部结构特征。数值模拟结果表明,台风中的气旋式涡度、垂直运动、动量和热量都集中在螺旋雨带中。进一步研究指出,螺旋雨带上空高层的强辐散与中低层的强辐合相配合产生的强烈＂抽吸作用＂、螺旋雨带两侧的干中心挤压螺旋雨带产生的＂毛细效应＂都导致了低层高湿空气加速向上输送,有利于对流的发展,这也是台风螺旋雨带得以维持的主要原因。 相似文献
11.
在分析云微物理参数化对云结构和降水特征的影响的基础上,研究云微物理参数化过程对台风"云娜"强度与路径的影响.结果表明:云微物理过程对台风强度和路径有一定影响,其中不考虑雨水蒸发冷却效应后,比其他试验最终地面最大风速强7 m/s以上,但此时登陆地点误差最大,与对照试验偏离150 km左右.我们还从螺旋雨带结构变化及环境风切变影响角度分析台风临近登陆时强度模拟减弱的原因,发现过强的外围螺旋雨带以及环境风场垂直切变对于台风的加深、维持是不利的,他们可能会造成"云娜"临近登陆时强度的下降.不难看出,云微物理过程可以加强甚至产生外螺旋雨带,当外围雨带发展加强之后,可以引起局地辐合强度增强,从而限制了大量水汽和能量向台风内核输送,从而会导致台风强度下降.此外,外围螺旋雨带的发展,还可以从对流层中层带来干冷空气入侵行星边界层;而当入流边界层中雨水下落时,其自身的蒸发也会使周围气块温度下降;这些干冷气团在入流气流的输送下进入台风内核,从而对云墙产生了"冷侵蚀",最终引起台风强度下降.因此,减小上述两方面的模拟误差,应能改进台风"云娜"登陆过程中强度的模拟效果. 相似文献
12.
The impact of cloud microphysical processes on the simulated intensity and track of Typhoon Rananim is discussed and analyzed in the second part of this study.The results indicate that when the cooling effect due to evaporation of rain water is excluded,the simulated 36-h maximum surface wind speed of Typhoon Rananim is about 7 m s-1 greater than that from all other experiments; however,the typhoon landfall location has the biggest bias of about 150 km against the control experiment.The simulated strong outer rainbands and the vertical shear of the environmental flow are unfavorable for the deepening and maintenance of the typhoon and result in its intensity loss near the landfall.It is the cloud microphysical processes that strengthen and create the outer spiral rainbands,which then increase the local convergence away from the typhoon center and prevent more moisture and energy transport to the inner core of the typhoon.The developed outer rainbands are supposed to bring dry and cold air mass from the middle troposphere to the planetary boundary layer (PBL).The other branch of the cold airflow comes from the evaporation of rain water itself in the PBL while the droplets are falling.Thus,the cut-off of the warm and moist air to the inner core and the invasion of cold and dry air to the eyewall region are expected to bring about the intensity reduction of the modeled typhoon.Therefore,the deepening and maintenance of Typhoon Rananim during its landing are better simulated through the reduction of these two kinds of model errors. 相似文献
13.
Impact of Cloud Microphysical Processes on the Simulation of Typhoon Rananim near Shore. Part II: Typhoon Intensity and Track 
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下载免费PDF全文 The impact of cloud microphysical processes on the simulated intensity and track of Typhoon Rananim is discussed and analyzed
in the second part of this study. The results indicate that when the cooling effect due to evaporation of rain water is excluded,
the simulated 36-h maximum surface wind speed of Typhoon Rananim is about 7 m s−1 greater than that from all other experiments; however, the typhoon landfall location has the biggest bias of about 150 km
against the control experiment. The simulated strong outer rainbands and the vertical shear of the environmental flow are
unfavorable for the deepening and maintenance of the typhoon and result in its intensity loss near the landfall. It is the
cloud microphysical processes that strengthen and create the outer spiral rainbands, which then increase the local convergence
away from the typhoon center and prevent more moisture and energy transport to the inner core of the typhoon. The developed
outer rainbands are supposed to bring dry and cold air mass from the middle troposphere to the planetary boundary layer (PBL).
The other branch of the cold airflow comes from the evaporation of rain water itself in the PBL while the droplets are falling.
Thus, the cut-off of the warm and moist air to the inner core and the invasion of cold and dry air to the eyewall region are
expected to bring about the intensity reduction of the modeled typhoon. Therefore, the deepening and maintenance of Typhoon
Rananim during its landing are better simulated through the reduction of these two kinds of model errors. 相似文献
14.
In this study, fine structures of spiral rainbands in super Typhoon Chanchu (2006) are examined using an Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecast (WRF-ARW) model simulation with the finest grid size of 2 km. Results show that the simulation reproduces well Typhoon Chanchu’s track, intensity and basic structures. According to their locations and features, spiral rainbands are classified into principal, secondary, inner and distant rainbands, and their dynamic and thermodynamic features are investigated. The principal rainbands remain quasi-stationary with respect to Chanchu’s center and exhibit a wavenumber-1 feature with their outer edges separated by dry air. The secondary rainbands that occur on the radially inward side of the principal rainbands move around Chanchu''s center. The inner rainbands are closest to the center. They propagate both radially outward and azimuthally with time. The distant rainbands are located outside the inner-core region, and have stronger and continuous updrafts compared to the other rainbands. Distant rainbands are inward-sloping with height along the radial direction and have a cold pool in the low layers, whereas the principal and secondary rainbands lean radially outward with height. The inner rainbands do not show tilting with height along the radial direction. However, there are few vertical tilting cells along the azimuthal orientation among the four types of rainbands. The simulated radar reflectivity cores in all rainbands are collocated with the maxima of updrafts and equivalent potential temperatures in the low layer, indicating the important roles of energy supply in the boundary layer in determining the development of the rainband convection. 相似文献
15.
云微物理过程是影响台风降水数值模拟的关键过程。利用华东中尺度模式系统,选取Thompson与CLR两种微物理参数化方案对台风“利奇马”进行数值模拟,对比观测、卫星资料,评估两个微物理参数化方案对台风模拟的影响,结果表明:相比于Thompson方案,CLR方案对台风“利奇马”的模拟在登陆后的路径、强度、降水明显更接近观测;Thompson方案在距离台风中心约100 km形成较强的螺旋雨带,而CLR方案在距离台风中心150 km左右的位置形成了较弱的螺旋雨带。进一步的分析表明,CLR方案模拟出的外围雨带距离台风中心的距离更远,是由于CLR方案中冰、霰等冰相态水凝物下落速度更小,更有可能被推送到距离台风中心更远的位置,从而形成不同的雨带分布。 相似文献
16.
登陆台风Matmo（2014）北侧弱回波区突发多条强对流雨带,造成严重影响。本文利用NECP/NCAR的FNL（Final）再分析资料,地面自动站加密观测资料、雷达拼图资料等对台风北侧连续出现的3条对流雨带的触发和发展过程进行研究。结果表明:初始对流是在弱的对流不稳定和条件对称不稳定条件下,由锋面强迫和地形抬升作用共同触发。接二连三发生的3条对流雨带是在台风北部高湿环境,长时间稳定的水汽辐合,明显的对流不稳定,局部弱条件对称不稳定条件下,由近地面辐合线在辐合稳定并加强后触发的,有利的环境和多层不稳定的叠加有利于雨带的发展和维持。先后触发对流雨带的3条辐合线在发生位置上相当接近。辐合线的形成一方面由海陆下垫面差异、江苏和山东南部海岸线曲率、台风风速随半径分布特点所决定;另一方面,辐合线2和3的形成还与它们北侧对流雨带的冷出流密切相关。对流带上的强降水中心往往对应着稳定的辐合中心,辐合中心主要位于风速大小梯度明显的位置上。而辐合线上的风速梯度主要受海岸线、地形附近的降水分布影响。 相似文献
17.
Idealized numerical simulations are conducted in this study to comparatively investigate the characteristics of the stratiform sector in the outer rainbands of tropical cyclones(TCs)in lower-and upper-layer vertical wind shear(VWS)with moderate magnitude.Consistent with the results in previous studies,the outer rainband stratiform sector of the TCs simulated in both experiments is generally located downshear left.Upper-layer VWS tends to produce stronger asymmetric outflow at upper levels in the downshear-left quadrant than lower-layer shear.This stronger asymmetric outflow transports more water vapor radially outward from the inner core to the outer core at upper levels in the downshear-left quadrant in the upper-layer shear experiment.More depositional growth of both graupel and cloud ice thus occurs downshear left in upper layers in the outer core,yielding more diabatic heating and stronger upward motions,particularly in the stratiformdominated part of the stratiform sector in the upper-layer shear experiment.Resultingly,a better-organized stratiform sector in the outer rainbands is found in the upper-layer VWS experiment than in the lower-layer VWS experiment.The diabatic heating associated with the stratiform sector produces strong midlevel outflow on the radially inward side of,and weak midlevel inflow on the radially outward side of,the heating core,with lower-level inflow beneath the midlevel outflow and upper-level inflow above.The upper-layer VWS tends to produce a deeper asymmetric inflow layer in the outer rainband stratiform sector,with more significant lower-level inflow and tangential jets in the upper-layer VWS experiment. 相似文献
18.
Lightning activity and its relationship with typhoon intensity and vertical wind shear for Super Typhoon Haiyan (1330) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Super Typhoon Haiyan (1330), which occurred in 2013, is the most powerful typhoon during landfall in the meteorological record. In this study, the temporal and spatial distributions of lightning activity of Haiyan were analyzed by using the lightning data from the World Wide Lightning Location Network, typhoon intensity and position data from the China Meteorological Administration, and horizontal wind data from the ECMWF. Three distinct regions were identified in the spatial distribution of daily average lightning density, with the maxima in the inner core and the minima in the inner rainband. The lightning density in the intensifying stage of Haiyan was greater than that in its weakening stage. During the time when the typhoon intensity measured with maximum sustained wind speed was between 32.7 and 41.4 ms?1, the storm had the largest lightning density in the inner core, compared with other intensity stages. In contrast to earlier typhoon studies, the eyewall lightning burst out three times. The first two eyewall lightning outbreaks occurred during the period of rapid intensification and before the maximum intensity of the storm, suggesting that the eyewall lightning activity could be used to identify the change in tropical cyclone intensity. The flashes frequently occurred in the inner core, and in the outer rainbands with the black body temperature below 220 K. Combined with the ECMWF wind data, the influences of vertical wind shear (VWS) on the azimuthal distribution of flashes were also analyzed, showing that strong VWS produced downshear left asymmetry of lightning activity in the inner core and downshear right asymmetry in the rainbands. 相似文献
19.
Super Typhoon Haiyan(1330), which occurred in 2013, is the most powerful typhoon during landfall in the meteorological record. In this study, the temporal and spatial distributions of lightning activity of Haiyan were analyzed by using the lightning data from the World Wide Lightning Location Network,typhoon intensity and position data from the China Meteorological Administration, and horizontal wind data from the ECMWF. Three distinct regions were identified in the spatial distribution of daily average lightning density, with the maxima in the inner core and the minima in the inner rainband. The lightning density in the intensifying stage of Haiyan was greater than that in its weakening stage. During the time when the typhoon intensity measured with maximum sustained wind speed was between 32.7 and 41.4 m s-1, the storm had the largest lightning density in the inner core, compared with other intensity stages.In contrast to earlier typhoon studies, the eyewall lightning burst out three times. The first two eyewall lightning outbreaks occurred during the period of rapid intensification and before the maximum intensity of the storm, suggesting that the eyewall lightning activity could be used to identify the change in tropical cyclone intensity. The flashes frequently occurred in the inner core, and in the outer rainbands with the black body temperature below 220 K. Combined with the ECMWF wind data, the influences of vertical wind shear(VWS) on the azimuthal distribution of flashes were also analyzed, showing that strong VWS produced downshear left asymmetry of lightning activity in the inner core and downshear right asymmetry in the rainbands. 相似文献