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1.
A sediment sequence from the Gotland Basin, representing the Ancylus Lake/Litorina Sea transition, was analysed for pigments,
stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N), diatoms and carbon and nitrogen content.
The negative correlation between the cyanobacterial specific pigment zeaxanthin and δ15N supports the hypothesis that cyanobacteria in the early Litorina Sea indeed were nitrogen fixers. Their incorporation of
nitrogen could have acted as a trigger for eutrophication during the Litorina Sea stage of the Baltic Sea. As cyanobacteria
normally flourish in eutrophicated waters, the increasing concentrations of zeaxanthin during early Litorina Sea also corroborate
that high primary production was an important part of the formation of organic rich (sapropel) sediments in the Baltic Sea.
The first occurrence pre-dates the formation of laminated sediments, but the peaks of both zeaxanthin and organic carbon are
within laminated sequences. This implies that the oxygen conditions of the bottom water also play a major role in the formation
of sapropel sediments. 相似文献
2.
Kaarina Weckström Jan Weckström Linda-Marie Yliniemi Atte Korhola 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2010,43(1):61-73
Subarctic and arctic lakes are the focus of many paleolimnological studies, as they are still among the least impacted lakes
by humans. Hence they provide an excellent setting for studies on long-term climatic variability without the overriding effects
of direct anthropogenic perturbation. On the other hand, these ecosystems are highly vulnerable to even moderate anthropogenic
influence like long-distance airborne transport of nutrients and pollutants. The paleolimnological studies conducted in these
areas usually include a multitude of different proxies, but so far only few have used the green algal group of Pediastrum Meyen. These algae, however, preserve well in sediments and can be identified to species level, which lends them potential
as a paleo-proxy. In this study we analysed the present Pediastrum assemblages from surface-sediments of 16 subarctic lakes in Finnish Lapland as well as bottom samples from the same sediment
cores, which are “spot” samples from the recent past. We found a total of 14 Pediastrum taxa, five of which occurred at moderate to high relative abundances. The majority of the taxa showed distinct relationships
to environmental variables measured. Of these, pH and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) explained most of the variance in the
distribution of Pediastrum and generally summarised the main environmental gradients in our data set well. Five of the studied lakes lacked Pediastrum taxa altogether, and Pediastrum occurred at low abundances in four additional lakes. All of these nine lakes have extremely low nutrient concentrations and
generally lowest pH and DOC in the data set and were defined by barren catchment areas and scarce lake macrophyte growth.
According to a top–bottom analysis of sediment cores, the Pediastrum assemblages of the study lakes have changed moderately, suggesting changed environmental conditions in the lakes. Although
these changes appear to be climate-related, more studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis. 相似文献
3.
Late Pleistocene and Holocene history of Lake Terrasovoje,Amery Oasis,East Antarctica,and its climatic and environmental implications 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
Bernd Wagner Holger Cremer Nadja Hultzsch Damian B. Gore Martin Melles 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2004,32(4):321-339
A 5.52 m long sediment sequence was recovered from Lake Terrasovoje, Amery Oasis, East Antarctica, in order to reconstruct the regional environmental history. The basal sediments, which are dominated by glacial and glaciofluvial clastic sediments, attest to a Late Pleistocene deglaciation of the lake basin. These sediments are overlain by 2.70 m of laminated algal and microbial mats and a few interspersed moss layers. Radiocarbon dating, conducted on bulk organic carbon of 12 samples throughout the organic sequence, provides a reliable chronology since the onset of biogenic accumulation at c. 12,400 cal. year BP. Successful diatom colonization, however, was probably hampered by extensive ice and snow cover on the lake and restricted input of nutrients until 10,200 cal. year BP. A subsequent increase of nutrient supply culminated between 8600 and 8200 cal. year BP and is related to warm summer temperatures and reduced albedo in the catchment. Warm conditions lasted until 6700 cal. year BP, supporting the establishment of a diatom community. Colder temperatures from 6700 cal. year BP culminated in several periods between 6200 and 3700 cal. year BP, when high amounts of sulphur and low abundances of diatoms were deposited due to a perennial ice and snow cover on the lake. During the late Holocene, relatively warm conditions between 3200 and 2300 cal. year BP and between 1500 to 1000 cal. year BP, respectively, indicated by high accumulation of organic matter and reducing bottom water conditions, were interrupted and followed by colder periods. 相似文献
4.
A. E. Poberezhnaya A. P. Fedotov T. Ya. Sitnikova M. Yu. Semenov G. A. Ziborova E. L. Otinova A. V. Khabuev 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2006,36(2):133-149
This paper deals with the investigation of the upper 11.6 m portion of a long drill core (KDP-01) taken from the bottom sediments of Lake Khubsugul. Ostracod species and their assemblages recovered from the core were analyzed. The data are compared with the carbonate and sulfate values obtained from bulk sediment, as well as with the flux of the coarse terrigenous fraction (>200 m) from the same core. Based on the previously calculated depth-age sedimentary model, the oldest age of the core studied here is about 230 ka. The four ostracod species recovered in the core are Cytherissa lacustris, Candona lepnevae, Limnocythere inopinata and Leucocythere sp. According to the distribution of those ostracods, we distinguish four main periods, each of about 50 ka long. Based on the ecological requirements of extant ostracods, two assemblages typifying a low water level and high salinity, on the first hand, and another representing freshwater and high lake level are recognized. The first “high salinity” ostracods correspond to “cold” periods as seen globally, while “freshwater” ostracods are associated with interglacials. Ostracod valves are absent during interglacial optima. This may be due to chemical dissolution of calcium carbonate related to organic matter decay at the initial stages of diagenesis, probably because during interglacials, in contrast to glacials, organic matter flux reaching the lake bottom were significantly higher. The periodicity in the development of ostracod species assemblages follows 17, 24 and 47 ka cycles related to orbital forcing. Its diversity is correlated with summer temperature fluctuations in northern altitudes for the past 230 ka. The maximum in species diversity follows the temperature maxima, by about 1.5 and 2 ka. Overall, the data obtained demonstrate a correlation between climatic changes and variations in specific and quantitative ratios of ostracod species during the last 230 ka. 相似文献
5.
开垦对内蒙古温带草地土壤不同有机碳组分的影响(英文) 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
Cultivation is one of the most important human activities affecting the grassland ecosystem besides grazing, but its impacts on soil total organic carbon (C), especially on the liable organic C fractions have not been fully understood yet. In this paper, the role of cropping in soil organic C pool of different fractions was investigated in a meadow steppe region in Inner Mongolia of China, and the relationships between different C fractions were also discussed. The results indicated that the concentrations of different C fractions at steppe and cultivated land all decreased progressively with soil depth. After the conversion from steppe to spring wheat field for 36 years, total organic carbon (TOC) concentration at the 0 to 100 cm soil depth has decreased by 12.3% to 28.2%, and TOC of the surface soil horizon, especially those of 0-30 cm decreased more significantly (p<0.01). The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) at the depth of 0-40 cm were found to have decreased by 66.7% to 77.1% and 36.5% to 42.4%, respectively. In the S.baicalensis steppe, the ratios of soil DOC to TOC varied between 0.52% and 0.60%, and those in the spring wheat field were only in the range of 0.18%-0.20%. The microbial quotients (qMBs) in the spring wheat field, varying from 1.11% to 1.40%, were also lower than those in the S. baicalensis steppe, which were in the range of 1.50%-1.63%. The change of DOC was much more sensitive to cultivation disturbance. Soil TOC, DOC, and MBC were significantly positive correlated with each other in the S. baicalensis steppe, but in the spring wheat field, the correlativity between DOC and TOC and that between DOC and MBC did not reach the significance level of 0.05. 相似文献
6.
甘肃河西山地土壤有机碳储量及分布特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
山地土壤具有强异质性和较高的碳密度，研究山地土壤有机碳的储量、空间分布特征和影响因素，对理解未来气候变化情景下该区土壤碳-大气反馈具有重要意义。河西山地地形复杂，水热梯度明显，是研究土壤有机碳空间格局的理想区域。利用河西山地126个土壤剖面数据，分析了0~100 cm土壤有机碳的储量、空间分布特征及其与环境因素的关系。结果表明：河西山地0~100 cm土壤有机碳密度均值15.04±7.24 kg·m-2，区域土壤有机碳储量1.37±0.66 Pg，其中50%储存在高寒草甸和亚高山灌丛草甸。研究区土壤有机碳密度从高到低依次为亚高山灌丛草甸（41.15±18.47 kg·m-2）、山地草甸草原（40.26±9.59 kg·m-2）、山地森林（34.57±14.52 kg·m-2）、高寒草甸（29.19±14.58 kg·m-2）、山地草原（19.28±11.33 kg·m-2）、荒漠草原（9.83±4.14 kg·m-2）、高寒草原（8.59±2.47 kg·m-2）、高寒荒漠（5.89±3.18 kg·m-2）、草原化荒漠（5.16±3.06 kg·m-2）、温带荒漠（5.00±3.35 kg·m-2）。土壤有机碳的空间分布与地形和气候因子显著相关。土壤有机碳密度随着海拔的升高呈现出先增加后减少的趋势，阴坡土壤有机碳密度显著高于阳坡和半阴坡。土壤有机碳密度随年平均降水量增多而增多，随年平均温度的升高呈现出先增加后减少的趋势。 相似文献
7.
Genki I. Matsumoto Yukinori Tani Koji Seto Tomoko Tazawa Masumi Yamamuro Takahiro Watanabe Toshio Nakamura Tetsuo Takemura Satoshi Imura Hiroshi Kanda 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2010,44(2):677-693
Antarctic climate changes influence environmental changes at both regional and local scales. Here we report Holocene paleolimnological
changes in lake sediment core Sk4C-02 (length 378.0 cm) from Lake Skallen Oike in the Soya Kaigan region of East Antarctica
inferred from analyses of sedimentary facies, a range of organic components, isotope ratios of organic carbon and nitrogen,
and carbon-14 dating by Tandetron accelerator mass spectrometry. The sediment core was composed of clayish mud (378.0–152.5 cm)
overlain by organic sediments (152.5 cm-surface). The age of the surface and the core bottom were 150 (AD1950-1640) and ca.
7,030 ± 73 calibrated years before present (cal BP), respectively, and the mean sedimentation rate was estimated to be 0.55 mm/year.
Multi-proxy analyses revealed that the principal environmental change in the core is a transition from marine to lacustrine
environments which occurred at a depth of 152.5 cm (ca. 3,590 cal BP). This was caused by relative sea level change brought
about by ongoing retreat of glaciers during the mid-Holocene warming of Antarctica, and ongoing isostatic uplift which outpaced
changes in global (eustatic) sea level. The mean isostatic uplift rate was calculated to be 2.8 mm/year. The coastal marine
period (378.0–152.5 cm, ca. 7,030–3,590 cal BP) was characterized by low biological production with the predominance of diatoms.
During the transition period from marine to freshwater conditions (152.5-approximately 135 cm, ca. 3,590–3,290 cal BP) the
lake was stratified with marine water overlain by freshwater, with a chemocline and an anoxic (sulfidic) layer in the bottom
of the photic zone. Green sulfur bacteria and Cryptophyta were the major photosynthetic organisms. The Cryptophyta appeared
to be tolerant of the moderate salinity and stratified water conditions. The lacustrine period (approximately 135 cm-surface,
ca. 3,290 cal BP-present) was characterized by high biological production by green algae (e.g. Comarium clepsydra and Oedegonium spp.) with some contributions from cyanobacteria and diatoms. Biological production during this period was 8.7 times higher
than during the coastal marine period. 相似文献
8.
黄河源区高寒草地土壤有机碳储量及分布特征 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
选择位于黄河源区的青海省果洛藏族自治州为研究区,利用第二次全国土壤普查所得的土壤剖面数据以及55个典型土壤剖面的地理位置、土层深度、有机质含量、面积、理化分析数据和1:50万数字化土壤类型图,在GIS的支持下利用土壤类型法对黄河源区草地土壤碳库进行了估算。结果表明,黄河源区土壤碳密度较高,平均土壤有机碳密度为29.97 kg/m2,高寒草地土壤有机碳库主要由高山草甸土和高山草原土的有机碳库构成,研究区土壤有机碳总储量达15×108tC。区域草地土壤有机碳密度及储量呈明显的水平和垂直分异规律。 相似文献
9.
A combined analysis of magnetic susceptibility, total organic carbon (TOC), biogenic silica (opal), and TiO2 content of the 12.6 m long composite core PG1351 recovered from Lake El’gygytgyn, Chukotka Peninsula, indicate a clear response
of the lacustrine sedimentary record to climate variations. The impact is not direct, but through variations in oxygenation
of the bottom waters. Mixing of the water body is typical for warmer climates, whereas the development of a stratified water
body associated with anoxic conditions at the lake floor appears during cold climates. Oxic conditions lead to a good magnetite
preservation and thus to high magnetic susceptibilities, but also to a large-scale degradation of organic matter, as reflected
by low TOC (total organic carbon) values. During anoxic conditions, magnetite is severely dissolved yielding very low susceptibility
values, whereas organic matter is best preserved, reflected by high TOC values. Hence, in general, neither susceptibility
reflects the lithogenic fraction, nor does TOC reflect bioproductivity in case of the studied El’gygytgyn sediments. Based
on available infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) dating, the obtained susceptibility pattern of core PG1351 shows an obvious
correlation to northern hemisphere insolation variations, with a dominating impact of the Earth’s 18 and 23 kyr precessional
cycles for the upper half of PG1351, that is, during the past 150 ka. Therefore, the whole susceptibility record, together
with biogenic silica (as a proxy for bioproductivity), TOC (as an indicator for redox conditions), and TiO2 (as a proxy for lithogenic input), was systematically tuned to the northern hemisphere insolation yielding an age of about
250 ka for the base of the composite core.
This is the fifth in a series of eleven papers published in this special issue dedicated to initial studies of El'gygytgyn Crater Lake and
its catchment in NE Russia. Julie Brigham-Grette, Martin Melles, Pavel Minyuk were guest editors of this special issue. 相似文献
10.
Peter Rosén Hendrik Vogel Laura Cunningham Nina Reuss Daniel J. Conley Per Persson 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2010,43(2):247-259
We demonstrate the use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRS) to make quantitative measures of total organic carbon
(TOC), total inorganic carbon (TIC) and biogenic silica (BSi) concentrations in sediment. FTIRS is a fast and cost-effective
technique and only small sediment samples are needed (0.01 g). Statistically significant models were developed using sediment
samples from northern Sweden and were applied to sediment records from Sweden, northeast Siberia and Macedonia. The correlation
between FTIRS-inferred values and amounts of biogeochemical constituents assessed conventionally varied between r = 0.84–0.99 for TOC, r = 0.85–0.99 for TIC, and r = 0.68–0.94 for BSi. Because FTIR spectra contain information on a large number of both inorganic and organic components,
there is great potential for FTIRS to become an important tool in paleolimnology. 相似文献
11.
中国泥炭地有机碳储量分区 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在全国泥炭资源调查的基础上(1983～1985年),结合中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所与有关单位多年来在全国各地泥炭调查的成果,根据泥炭的蕴藏形式、泥炭地有机碳的丰富度、泥炭地有机碳集中分布区的地貌单元和区域位置,将泥炭地有机碳按照埋藏类型和储量划分成3类(埋藏类、裸露类和裸露与埋藏兼有类)、5型(极丰富型、丰富型、较丰富型、贫乏型和极贫乏型)和31个分布区。中国泥炭地的蕴藏类型主要为裸露类,主要分布在青藏高原东部的若尔盖高原以及东北地区的山地丘陵,包括5型12个分布区;其次是埋藏类,主要分布在长江中下游平原以及沿海平原,包括4型14个分布区;裸露与埋藏兼有类泥炭地主要分布在云贵高原、晋北张北地区,仅包括4型5个分布区。 相似文献
12.
Inter- and intraspecific variations of the chemical properties of high-Arctic mosses along water-regime gradients 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
We examined and compared the contents of organic chemical components (lignin-like compounds, total carbohydrates and extractives), carbon and nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium) among the mosses Calliergon giganteum, Hylocomium splendens, Racomitrium lanuginosum, and among three populations of H. splendens collected from habitats in contrasting water regimes in the Canadian high-arctic tundra. C:N:P ratios were analyzed among and within moss species. Mosses from hydric habitats had lower total carbohydrate and higher nutrients contents than did mosses from drier habitats; however, we found no intraspecific variations in nitrogen and calcium contents in the different populations of H. splendens along water-regime gradients. The contents in lignin-like compounds, extractives and carbon showed no clear trends along water-regime gradients. Mosses from hydric habitats had lower C:N, C:P and N:P ratios than mosses from drier habitats, although we found no intraspecific variations in C:N ratios in H. splendens along water-regime gradients. These results suggest that chemical properties of mosses, especially nutrient contents, are strongly correlated with water availability in high-Arctic tundra. 相似文献
13.
在中亚热带罗霄山脉东南段井冈山地区的江西坳山地沼泽钻取了150 cm的岩芯样品（JXA钻孔）,通过6个AMS 14C测年结果建立钻孔的年代框架,运用烧失量、腐殖化度、有机碳同位素和灰度值等多项古气候代用指标分析,重建了该地区约11 cal. ka B.P.以来的气候演化历史。结果表明：江西坳山地沼泽的古环境演变过程可以分为４个阶段：11―9.2 cal. ka B.P.钻孔沉积物的有机碳含量低,碳同位素偏负,显示C3植物为主,为气候凉干期;9.2―5.3 cal. ka B.P.碳同位素、有机碳和腐殖化度等指标均指示森林植被繁茂,沉积物泥炭堆积速度加快,为气候最适宜期;5.3―2.2 cal. ka B.P.碳同位素显著变化,有机质含量较高;2.2―0 cal. ka B.P.气候呈现季风再次增强的趋势,人类活动增强。与周边其他的研究结果对比发现：全新世以来罗霄山脉江西坳山地泥炭沼泽的古环境替代指标与低纬度地区其他全新世气候记录基本一致。 相似文献
14.
滨海滩涂土壤有机碳演变驱动因子框架 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过归纳、总结前人大量的研究成果,从土壤有机碳演变的尺度约束框架、滩涂土壤有机碳的核心控制因子以及演变的驱动因素3个方面进行总结。结果表明：①目前形成的监测技术约束下的碳库研究体系,其研究的结果忽视了机理性认识的未来需要,这对于应对未来气候变化条件下的滩涂湿地碳库变化风险稍显不足; ② 滩涂土壤有机碳演变的核心控制因子有泥沙、地貌与埋藏速率、植被与农业活动。滩涂围垦后的农业活动类型与方式是滩涂开发后影响土壤有机碳演变的核心要素,远远高于自然滩涂中的自然主导因子; ③ 不同因素在不同时空尺度上会对滩涂有机碳演变起到重要影响,其中,土地利用/覆被对于有机碳的影响机制是需要重点关注的核心命题; ④ 小尺度、长时间尺度有机碳循环机制的研究需要加强,同时,综合考量要素的时空尺度特性及其技术手段的提升,更加注重过程研究对于指导未来滩涂土壤有机碳研究更具有现实意义。 相似文献
15.
黑河绿洲区耕作影响下的土壤粒径分布及其与有机碳的关系 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
选取黑河绿洲区典型土壤类型为研究对象,分析耕作对土壤粒径分布及其与土壤总有机碳、活性有机碳、惰性有机碳关系的影响。结果显示:非耕地(灰钙土、灰褐土、栗钙土)转变为耕地后,改变了10～50μm粗粉粒、50～250μm细砂粒、250～1000μm粗砂粒的含量,对<5μm的粘粒含量影响小。而风沙土变为耕地土壤后,土壤颗粒出现了细化现象。土壤粒径分布的变化也波及到了土壤颗粒与有机碳的关系,耕地与非耕地中存在异同点。相同之处在于,以50μm作为分界点,土壤总有机碳、活性有机碳、惰性有机碳与<50μm的粉粒、粘粒土壤颗粒含量呈正相关,与>50μm的砂粒呈负相关。不同之处为:耕地中土壤有机碳仅与5～10μm、10～50μm、50～250μm有关;非耕地中土壤有机碳与<1μm、1～5μm、5～10μm、10～50μm、50～250μm、250～1000μm的含量有关。分析表明,耕作是引起土壤活性有机碳增加及土壤有机碳与土壤粒径之间的关系发生变化的内在原因。 相似文献
16.
Yuehan Lu Philip A. Meyers Brian J. Eadie John A. Robbins 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2010,43(2):261-272
A ~106-cm sediment core from the eastern basin of Lake Erie was examined to investigate biogeochemical processes in this large
lake during its cultural eutrophication over the last century. We measured stable carbon isotopes of total organic carbon
and calcium carbonate (δ13CTOC and
d13 \textC\textCaCO 3 \delta^{13} {\text{C}}_{{{\text{CaCO}}_{ 3} }} ) as well as the concentrations of total organic carbon (TOC) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3). δ13CTOC and TOC show a strong positive correlation throughout the core and record changes in phytoplankton productivity and nutrient
loading. CaCO3 and TOC concentrations display a negative correlation throughout the core, suggesting that CaCO3 concentrations are controlled primarily by decomposition of TOC in the hypolimnion and the sediments, although temperature
and invasive mussels are also potential controlling factors.
d13 \textC\textCaCO 3 \delta^{13} {\text{C}}_{{{\text{CaCO}}_{ 3} }} values show a positive correlation with δ13CTOC between 1909 and 1969, indicating phytoplankton productivity was the primary control for
d13 \textC\textCaCO 3 \delta^{13} {\text{C}}_{{{\text{CaCO}}_{ 3} }} values during eutrophication. However, a negative correlation between
d13 \textC\textCaCO 3 \delta^{13} {\text{C}}_{{{\text{CaCO}}_{ 3} }} and δ13CTOC from 1970 to 2002 suggests that these two proxies tracked different aspects of the carbon cycle in the lake in more recent
times. The cause for the negative correlation is not yet known, but it is perhaps associated with temperature variations and
seasonal differences in productivity. 相似文献
17.
Diatom assemblages from Adirondack lakes (New York,USA) and the development of inference models for retrospective environmental assessment 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Sushil S. Dixit Brian F. Cumming H. J. B. Birks John P. Smol John C. Kingston Allen J. Uutala Donald F. Charles Keith E. Camburn 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1993,8(1):27-47
Detrended canonical coreespondence analysis (DCCA) was used to examine the relationships between diatom species distributions and environmental variables from 62 drainage lakes in the Adirondack region, New York (USA). The contribution of lakewater pH, Alm (monomeric Al), NH4, maximum depth, Mg, and DOC (dissolved organic carbon) were statistically significant in explaining the patterns of variation in the diatom species composition. Twenty-three and sixteen diatom taxa were identified as potential indicator species for pH and Alm, respectively (i.e. a taxon with a strong statistical relationship to the environmental variable of interest, a well defined optimum, and a narrow tolerance to the variable of interest). Using weighted-averaging regression and calibration, predictive models were developed to infer lakewater pH (r
2=0.91), Alm (r
2=0.83), DOC (dissolved organic carbon) (r
2=0.64), and ANC (acid neutralizing capacity; r
2=0.90). These variables are of key importance in understanding watershed acidification processes. These predictive models have been used in the PIRLA-II (Paleoecological Investigation of Recent Lake Acidification-II) project to answer policy-related questions concerning acidification, recovery, and fisheries loss. 相似文献
18.
Stable carbon isotope ratios in lake and swamp sediments as a proxy for prehistoric forest clearance and crop cultivation in the Neotropics 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Close correspondence between stable carbon isotope ratios ( 13 C), pollen, and charcoal profiles in sediment cores from Laguna Zoncho and Machita swamp, Costa Rica, shows that prehistoric forest clearance and crop cultivation can be detected in the stable carbon isotope ratios of total organic carbon ( 13C
TOC
). Analyses of δ 13C
TOC
complement evidence from pollen, charcoal, and phytoliths and provide a proxy that is sensitive to the intensity and/or proximity to core sites of prehistoric forest clearance and agriculture in watersheds. Stable carbon isotope analyses are particularly useful in situations in which other evidence of forest clearance and agriculture is limited. 相似文献
19.
The spatial distribution patterns of total organic carbon and total nitrogen show significant correlations with currents of the East China Sea Shelf. Corresponding to distribu-tions of these currents, the study area could be divided into four different parts. Total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and organic carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in sediments show linear correlations with mean grain size, respectively, thus “grain size effect” is an important factor that influences their distributions. C/N ratios can reflect source information of organic matter to a certain degree. In contrast, nitrogen stable isotope shows different spatial distri-bution patterns with C/N and organic carbon stable isotope, according to their relationships and regional distributions. The highest contribution (up to 50%) of terrestrial organic carbon appears near the Changjiang Estuary with isolines projecting towards northeast, indicating the influence of the Changjiang dilution water. Terrestrial particulate organic matter suffers from effects of diagenesis, benthos and incessant inputting of dead organic matter of plankton, after depositing in seabed. Therefore, the contribution of terrestrial organic carbon to par-ticulate organic matter is obviously greater than that to organic matter in sediments in the same place. 相似文献
20.
Shinpei Yoshitake Masaki Uchida Toshiyuki Ohtsuka Hiroshi Kanda Hiroshi Koizumi Takayuki Nakatsubo 《Polar Science》2011,5(3):391-397
The distribution of organic carbon and its relationship to vegetation development were examined on a glacier foreland near Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard (79°N). In a 0.72-km2 area, we established 43 study plots on three line transects along primary succession from recently deglaciated area to old well-vegetated area. At each plot, we measured the type and percent coverage of vegetation types. The organic carbon content of vegetation, organic soil, and mineral soil samples was determined based on their organic carbon concentration and bulk density. Cluster analysis based on vegetation coverage revealed five types of ground surfaces representing variations in the amounts and allocation patterns of organic carbon. In the later stages of succession, 7%–24% and 31%–40% of organic carbon was contained in the organic and deeper soil layers, respectively. Organic carbon storage in the later stages of succession ranged from 1.1 – 7.9 kg C m−2. A larger amount of organic carbon, including ancient carbon in a raised beach deposit, was expected to be contained in much deeper soil layers. These results suggest that both vegetation development and geological history affect ecosystem carbon storage and that a non-negligible amount of organic carbon is distributed in this High Arctic glacier foreland. 相似文献