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1.
长江口外海域沉积物中有机物的来源及分布   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  
通过分析长江口外海域不同区域有机碳和氮的分布特征及其影响因素,了解了底部沉 积物中有机碳和氮同位素的生物地球化学特征,探讨二者对长江口外海域底部沉积物中有机 物来源的指示意义。运用质量混合模型,计算了长江输入的陆源有机物的贡献及其空间变化。结果表明,长江口外海域沉积物中TOC 和TN 的分布和东海陆架的环流体系有着密切关系, 与环流的分布相对应,如果大致沿31oN 和123oE 作为分界线, 整个研究区的TOC 和TN 的分布可划分为4 个具有不同分布特征的区域。TOC、TN、δ13C 和δ15N 分别与沉积物的平均粒 径呈线性相关关系,因此,粒度效应是控制长江口外海域沉积物中有机物分布和稳定同位素 碳、氮的一个重要因素。研究区内的C/N 比值能够在一定程度上体现有机物的来源信息,但δ15N 表现出了与C/N 和δ13C 不同的区域分布和变化特征。陆源有机物来源比重较高的区域与 长江口外海域赤潮突发频率最高的地区相对应。长江口附近沉积物中的陆源有机物来源最高, 超过了50%,且等值线呈舌状向东北方向凸出,表明了长江冲淡水的影响。陆源颗粒态有机物沉海底后,要不断经历早期成岩作用和生物作用,因此在在相同地点,陆源有机物对沉积物中有机物的贡献,要明显小于对悬浮颗粒态有机物的贡献。  相似文献   

2.
长江口外海域沉积物中有机物的来源及分布   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
The spatial distribution patterns of total organic carbon and total nitrogen show significant correlations with currents of the East China Sea Shelf. Corresponding to distributions of these currents, the study area could be divided into four different parts. Total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and organic carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in sediments show linear correlations with mean grain size, respectively, thus ＂grain size effect＂ is an important factor that influences their distributions. C/N ratios can reflect source information of organic matter to a certain degree. In contrast, nitrogen stable isotope shows different spatial distribution patterns with C/N and organic carbon stable isotope, according to their relationships and regional distributions. The highest contribution （up to 50%） of terrestrial organic carbon appears near the Changjiang Estuary with isolines projecting towards northeast, indicating the influence of the Changjiang dilution water. Terrestrial particulate organic matter suffers from effects of diagenesis, benthos and incessant inputting of dead organic matter of plankton, after depositing in seabed. Therefore, the contribution of terrestrial organic carbon to particulate organic matter is obviously greater than that to organic matter in sediments in the same place.  相似文献   

3.
长江口潮滩有机质来源的C、N稳定同位素示踪   总被引：25，自引：0，他引：25  
依据长江河口潮滩自然环境特征和受人文活动影响的差异性,沿长江河口南岸潮滩选取了12个典型的监测站位,并分别于洪水季节 (7月份) 和枯水季节 (2月份) 在各监测站位进行了表层 (0~2 cm) 沉积物样品的采集。对表层沉积物有机质中稳定碳、氮同位素进行分析与测试发现,7月份稳定碳同位素值普遍低于2月份的稳定碳同位素值,其变化范围分别为 -29.8‰ ~ -23.7‰和-27.3‰ ~ -25.6‰;7月份和2月份稳定氮同位素分别为1.0‰ ~ 5.5‰和1.7‰~ 7.8‰。研究区域内,稳定碳、氮同位素的地区分布和季节变化特征揭示,有机质中的稳定碳、氮同位素组成不仅受陆源和海源有机质输入量之间消长变化的影响,同时一系列的生物地球化学过程、人为有机质的输入和沉积物粒度与叶绿素对碳、氮同位素组成均存在不同程度的改造作用。此外,利用稳定碳同位素质量平衡混合模型,还对陆源有机质输入量的贡献率进行了初步定量估算。  相似文献   

4.
ChalacteriStics of lacustrine sediments are often capable of ~ring the hydrological regales of the lakeand its environment and human achvihes in itS catclunent during the sedimentahon of these sedimentS.Therefore, by identifying these characteristics of sedimentS, it is likely to postUlate the physicalconditions in and around the lake during geological periods. Such reconstrUction of palaeoenvironmentshas become an increasingly important branch of ear sciences as there has been an expanded n…  相似文献   

5.
以20世纪50年代中期以来崇明岛东部盐沼6个钻孔潮坪层段为研究对象,根据柱样粒度特征、碳/氮元素含量、有机碳稳定同位素组成（δ13C）和C/N比,结合长江入海泥沙通量的变化,研究20世纪50年代中期以来崇明岛东部盐沼发育与长江入海泥沙的响应关系。结果表明：长江入海泥沙通量及组成是20世纪50年代中期以来崇明岛东部盐沼物质粗细变化的主控因素;崇明岛东部盐沼沉积物δ13C与C/N比的相关程度、有机质含量与各粒径区间颗粒含量的相关性在不同时期均存在差异;20世纪60年代,长江入海泥沙量达到顶峰,流域不同侵蚀区域的泥沙相互混合,有机质含量与各粒径区间颗粒含量的相关性及δ13C与C/N比的相关程度均很差;20世纪90年代以来,崇明岛东部地区进行了高强度的围垦活动,δ13C与C/N比的相关程度下降。这表明20世纪50-80年代崇明岛东部盐沼发育受长江入海泥沙控制,20世纪90年代以来崇明岛东部盐沼发育除受长江入海泥沙控制外,还受围垦等人类活动的显著影响。  相似文献   

6.
马占相思人工林土壤有机碳的异质性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
以鹤山站马占相思林土壤为研究对象,对相关土壤、生物指标进行了分析。对马占相思人工林土壤的地统计学研究结果表明:马占相思人工林土壤有机碳和全氮在空间分布上存在着较为显著的空间自相关性,即自相关部分的空间异质性占主导地位,分别占总空间异质性程度的81.3%和84.2%。土壤有机碳分布的空间特征与土壤全氮分布空间特征具有较一致的空间异质性;林木根生物量的分布特征未表现出与土壤有机碳分布的一致空间异质性,这说明根生物量的分布特征在表层土0-15 cm有机碳的空间分布差异上不是主导因子。林地碳、氮不但存在传统统计学上的线性相关,它们也具有景观层次上的空间自相关,指数模型的拟合表明,在7.62 m小尺度范围内,土壤有机碳的空间自相关性存在,在6.60 m尺度范围内,全氮的空间自相关性存在。  相似文献   

7.
排灌系统底泥特征是反映土地利用变化生态影响的重要途径,为此对内蒙古河套灌区永济灌域灌排系统底泥有机碳和总氮含量进行了系统研究。结果表明:灌域内永济给水干渠(简称永济干渠)与四号、五号排水干沟(简称四排干、五排干)表层底泥的有机质(OM)及总氮(TN)含量特征分布有所差异。其中均以五排干上游底泥中含量最高,OM与TN平均值分别为3.60%和0.35%,超出河套地区平均值的4.82倍和2.94倍;其底泥有机指数也达到重污染水平,富营养化程度较高;永济干渠底泥OM与TN含量最低,分别为1.41%和0.03%,属于清洁贫营养化级别;四排干底泥OM与TN含量介于五排干和永济干渠之间,其上游较为清洁,基本接近平均值,C/N平均在17左右。排干底泥有机质与总氮含量之间显著相关,y(TN)=0.141x(OM)-0.180(r=0.978;P<0.001)。  相似文献   

8.
为了了解扎龙湿地克钦湖沉积物中营养物质的分布状况,在扎龙湿地克钦湖设置了21个采样点,于2016年7月9日,采集了0~5 cm深度的沉积物样品,测定了表层沉积物样品中有机质、全氮和全磷含量;利用克里金插值法,绘制表层沉积物有机质、全氮和全磷含量的空间分布图,并分析了其空间分布特征及影响因素。研究结果表明,克钦湖0~5 cm深度沉积物中有机质和全磷含量整体上由东北向西南逐渐减小,北湖区表层沉积物中的有机质和全磷含量都大于南湖区;克钦湖中西部表层沉积物中的全氮含量较大,东南部的较小,南、北湖区表层沉积物中全氮含量平均值较接近;克钦湖表层沉积物整体呈弱碱性,北湖区表层沉积物组成以粉砂土为主,南湖区表层沉积物组成以砂土为主;表层沉积物中有机质、全氮和全磷含量与研究区的地势、植物群落分布和周边人类活动有关,粉砂土含量和pH是影响表层沉积物中有机质、全氮和全磷含量分布的主要指标。  相似文献   

9.
长江口盐沼土壤有机质更新特征的滩面趋势   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  
通过对长江口崇明东滩高潮滩、中潮滩以及光滩柱状样的有机元素(C、N)含量与碳稳定同位素组成(δ13C)、粒度组成等的测定,研究盐沼土壤有机质更新特征及其滩面趋势.结果表明,长江口盐沼土壤POC-δ13C相关特征与山地土壤剖面上部土层的基本类似,盐沼土壤有机质主要源于长江流域表层土壤,有机质年龄不足100年.不同高程柱样TN-C/N、POC-TIC与POC-δ13C关系特征表明盐沼土壤有机质更新程度普遍较低,有机质更新特征呈明显的滩面变化趋势.光滩有机质基本反映沉积母质特征,更新程度极低;中、高潮滩有机质更新作用已经发生,随着滩面演变,处于不同更新阶段的有机质组分混杂程度提高.盐沼滩面过程塑造垂向沉积层序,层序中独特的沙、泥纹层构造导致物质上下运移困难,有机质更新作用受到抑制.盐沼滩面过程直接影响有机质的累积与更新,对于有机质更新的时空特征具有显著制约.  相似文献   

10.
Soil is the most important carbon pool of the mulberry plantation ecosystem, so understanding the characteristics of the soil carbon pool in mulberry plantations provides an important basis for the research of carbon sinks in economic forest ecosystems and farmland ecosystems. In order to explore the spatial differentiation pattern of the relationship between carbon and nitrogen in mulberry plantation soil, this study analyzed the organic carbon content and total nitrogen content of the surface soil layer (0-20 cm) and the subsurface soil layer (20-40 cm) of 475 mulberry plantations in five major regions of China, Southwest China (SWC), Central South China (CSC), East China (EC), North China (NC), and Northwest China (NWC). The research showed seven key aspects of this system. (1) The soil organic carbon of mulberry plantations was significantly different at the two soil depths. The average content of organic carbon in the surface layer of mulberry plantation soil was 10.71±7.01g kg?1, which was 37.13% higher than that of the subsurface layer. (2) The soil organic carbon of mulberry plantations had significant differences in spatial differentiation, which was manifested as SWC>CSC>EC>NC>NWC. (3) The total nitrogen content in mulberry plantation soil had significant responses to the region, the soil layer depth, and the interaction between the region and soil layer depth. Among the regions, NWC had no significant difference between the surface layer and subsurface layer of the soil. EC had the maximum difference in total nitrogen content, with the total nitrogen content in the surface soil layer being 56.68% higher than that of the subsurface soil layer. The total nitrogen contents of the surface soil layers in the SWC and NC were 34.27% and 20.79% higher than those of the respective subsurface soil layers. (4) The mulberry plantation soil C/N ratios had a significant response to regional differences, as NWC>SWC> EC>CSC>NC, but this ratio had no significant response to soil depth. (5) Soil pH had significant spatial differentiation in relation to soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content in mulberry plantations. NWC had no significant correlation between pH and organic carbon or total nitrogen content, while CSC had a significant positive correlation between pH and both soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content. Other regions showed significant negative correlations between pH and both organic carbon and total nitrogen content. (6) There was a significant negative correlation between the C/N ratio of the surface soil layer and pH in mulberry plantations, which was mainly contributed by SWC, while the other regions’ surface soil layers had no significant correlations between C/N ratio and pH. (7) There was no significant correlation between the C/N ratio and pH in the subsurface soil layer in mulberry plantations. These results reveal that in either the research on mulberry plantation carbon pools or the innovation of green and low-carbon planting technology in mulberry plantations, the spatial differentiation characteristics of soil must be considered. Furthermore, the spatial differentiation of soil organic carbon can be used as the basic foundation for the planning and design of mulberry afforestation or ecological restoration projects.  相似文献   

11.
李中乔  吴莹  张经 《极地研究》2014,26(4):425-432
对2010年8月从北极新奥尔松地区(Ny-lesund)中国黄河站附近所采集的土壤、沉积物和苔藓进行整体指标[OC%,TN%,δ13C(‰)]和木质素(lignin-derived phenols)分析;并对土壤和沉积物进行粒度分析。结果显示OC%与TN%具有相同的来源;但是粒度并不是控制有机物分布的主要因素。数据显示当地木质素主要来自当地的维管植物和苔藓,但是可能会受到当地动物或者微生物的影响。木质素的降解参数(Ad/Al)v值的大小顺序为沉积物土壤苔藓,可能是由于苔藓的表面吸附了细颗粒的煤炭,但是缺少14C数据,无法定量计算煤炭对环境中有机碳的贡献;另外一个降解参数肉桂基酚类两种单体(CAD/FAD)比值由苔藓、土壤、沉积物依次降低,反映出成岩作用增强,木质素降解程度增加。综合OC%、TN%、δ13C(‰)和木质素数据,中国北极黄河站周围环境中的有机碳来源主要为当地的苔藓和维管植物,也有可能吸附了一些煤颗粒,但是由于技术手段的限制,煤炭的贡献在当前的数据解析下无法定量评估。  相似文献   

12.
Total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were determined in combination with stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen (δ13COrg, δ15N) in a 63 cm sediment core from Longgan Lake, located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, China. These geochemical and isotopic records provide a continuous history of lake productivity and trophic state of Longgan Lake since 1890. Variations of δ13COrg, TOC, TN and TP indicate that primary productivity of Longgan Lake increased continuously during the last century and that the trophic state of the lake shifted from oligotrophic to mestrotrophic conditions accordingly. Anthropogenic sources of organic carbon (OC), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were distinguished from their natural background in the sediments using mass accumulation rates. Element mass accumulation rates suggested increased human activities in the lake’s catchment since 1950s, were especially the utilization of artificial fertilizers amplified the anthropogenic input of N and P into the lake. In the course of the improved availability of dissolved nutrients also primary productivity of Longgan Lake increased, resulting in an increase of the Suess-effect corrected organic carbon isotope ratios. δ15N of bulk sediments show a marked shift towards lower values around 1950 that has been attributed to the input of nitrogen from chemical fertilizers characterized by relatively depleted isotopic signatures into the lake.  相似文献   

13.
新疆伊犁河谷新垦绿洲土壤主要养分含量特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
以长期定位试验点新疆伊犁河谷新垦绿洲灰钙土为研究对象,选择不同土地利用类型,采集上层(0～20 cm)、中层(20～40 cm)和下层土壤(40～60 cm)样品,分析土地利用类型对灰钙土土壤有机质、全氮和全磷的影响.研究结果表明:土壤有机质和全量氮磷含量表聚性特征明显;垂直分布总体变化趋势均为由上到下依次减少,且都以40 cm处为其变化转折点;从土壤有机质含量来看,以天然荒地最高,树上干杏林地和杨树林地次之,撂荒地和小麦-油葵轮作地较低;从土壤全氮含量来看,以天然荒地最高,树上干杏林地和撂荒地次之,杨树林地和小麦-油葵轮作地较低;从土壤全磷含量来看,树上干杏林地最高,天然荒地、撂荒地和杨树林地次之,小麦-油葵轮作地最低.植被类型对土壤质量影响显著,在今后的土地资源利用过程中,在施用无机化肥的同时也要注意推广秸秆还田,增加施用有机肥,做好土壤的培肥工作.  相似文献   

14.
Sediment core PI-6 from Lake Petén Itzá, Guatemala, possesses an ~85-ka record of climate and environmental change from lowland Central America. Variations in sediment lithology suggest large and abrupt changes in precipitation during the last glacial and deglacial periods, and into the early Holocene. We measured stable carbon isotope ratios of total organic carbon and long-chain n-alkanes from the core, the latter representing a largely allochthonous (terrestrial) source of organic matter, to reveal past shifts in the relative proportion of C3–C4 terrestrial biomass. We sought to test whether stable carbon isotope results were consistent with other paleoclimate proxies measured in the PI-6 core, and if extraction and isotope analysis of n-alkanes is warranted. The largest δ13C variations are associated with Heinrich Events. Carbon isotope values in sediments deposited during the last glacial maximum indicate moderate precipitation with little fluctuation. The deglacial was a period of pronounced climate variability, e.g. a relatively warm and moist Bølling–Allerød, but a cool and dry Younger Dryas. Arid periods of the deglacial were inferred from samples with high δ13C values in total organic carbon, which reflect times of greater proportions of C4 plants. These inferences are supported by stable isotope measurements on ostracod shells and relative abundance of grass pollen from the same depths in core PI-6. Similar trends in carbon stable isotopes measured on bulk organic carbon and n-alkanes suggest that carbon isotope measures on bulk organic carbon in sediments from this lake are sufficient to infer past climate-driven shifts in local vegetation.  相似文献   

15.
长江口潮滩有机质稳定碳同位素时空分布与来源分析   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
通过测定长江口潮滩悬浮颗粒有机质和表层沉积有机质在枯水季节 (2006年2月 )和洪水季节 (2006年8月 )的稳定碳同位素值,对有机质潜在来源及局部岸段改造作用进行了分析。结果显示,悬浮颗粒有机质稳定碳同位素值在2月明显低于8月,变化范围分别在-25.8‰~-23.4‰和-25.1‰~-22.9‰,主要是受径流量枯洪季变化和浮游生物生长季节变化两种因素的叠加作用。表层沉积有机质2月和8月的稳定碳同位素分别为-25.0‰~-20.4‰和-24.7‰~-19.5‰,季节变化不明显,主要来自悬浮颗粒物的沉降。除受大背景环境因素影响,局部环境对潮滩有机质也有一定的改造作用,污水、支流河水的输入对悬浮颗粒有机质碳同位素有一定的影响,埋藏的潮滩植物和底栖微藻则对沉积有机质有部分贡献。  相似文献   

16.
新垦沙地农田土壤有机碳时空变异特征   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
杨荣  苏永中  王敏  杜明武  杨晓  雷耀湖 《中国沙漠》2013,33(4):1078-1083
针对河西走廊临泽绿洲边缘区域的新垦沙地农田,采用传统统计学和地统计学相结合的方法研究田块尺度的土壤有机碳时空变异特征。结果表明：（1）在本研究的空间尺度内,土壤有机碳含量在2.66～6.90 g·kg-1范围之间变化,平均值为4.45 g·kg-1,变异系数为24.5%;其空间分布呈明显的斑块状,最佳的变异函数理论模型为指数模型,其块金值和基台值分别为0.13和1.28,偏基台值和基台值的比值及变程分别为0.90及18.24 m;土壤有机碳空间分布与全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量及电导率显著正相关（p＜0.01）,与pH值显著负相关（p＜0.05）。（2）在本研究的监测时间尺度内（2004-2010年）,土壤有机碳年平均值在3.81～4.71 g·kg-1幅度内变化,变异系数为6.8%,无明显的变化趋势;土壤有机碳含量年际间变化与播种量显著正相关,与作物产量显著负相关,而与施氮量、灌溉量和地上部生物量相关不显著。综上所述,新垦沙地农田土壤有机碳含量较区域水平低,其田块尺度的空间异质性是由成土母质、地形等区域因素作用的结果,而对农田管理影响下的新垦沙地农田土壤有机碳含量演变规律的研究需建立在更长时间尺度的土壤监测数据基础上。  相似文献   

17.
草原土壤的碳氮含量及其与温室气体通量的相关性   总被引：61，自引：0，他引：61  
通过采样分析研究内蒙古锡林流域温带草原土壤有机碳及全N的含量特征,探讨它们的含量与温室气体CO2、N2O、CH4通量的相关性。结果表明：沿470－150mm年降水梯度线，土壤表层（0－20cm）有机碳含量从2．38％递减到1．23％，全N含量从0．218％递减到0．136％，而且放牧和开垦都有使有机碳及全N含量降低的趋势；CO2通量与有机碳含量、全N含量、C／N及N2O通量显著相关，N2O通量与有机碳含量、C／N及CO2通量显著相关，且CO2和N2O的通量都有沿降水梯度递减的趋势；CH4通量与有机碳含量、全N含量、C／N、CO2通量及N2O通量都没有显著相关性。  相似文献   

18.
深层土壤有机碳的来源、特征与稳定性   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
深层土壤有机碳占土壤剖面总有机碳的一半以上．最近发现表层和深层土壤有机碳动态及其调控因素并不相同,这对准确评估土壤固碳潜力具有重要影响．深层土壤有机碳主要来源午根系、根系分泌物、可溶性有机碳、土壤微生物及生物扰动作用,这些来源的相对重要性可能取决于气候、土壤、植被类型和土地利用方式;与表层土壤相比,深层土壤有机碳一般具有较高的稳定性同位素C／N、平均驻留时间长、矿化速率低和高稳定性．深层土壤有机碳的生物化学稳定性、化学稳定性和物理保护三种稳定性机制的相对贡献并不清楚．未来应加强环境变化和人类干扰对深层土壤有机碳动态及稳定性影响的研究．  相似文献   

19.
长江口盐沼土壤有机质更新特征的滩面趋势   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Characteristics and tidal flat trends of soil organic matter （SOM） turnover were studied for the Chongmingdongtan Salt Marsh in the Yangtze River estuary, based on analyses of stable carbon isotope composition （δ^13C）, grain sizes and contents of particulate organic carbon （POC）, total nitrogen （TN） and inorganic carbon （TIC） for three cores excavated from high tidal flat, middle tidal flat and bare flat. Results demonstrate that correlations between soil POC contents and δ^13C values of the salt marsh cores were similar to those between soil organic carbon （SOC） contents and δ^13C values of the upper soil layers of mountainous soil profiles with different altitudes. SOM of salt marsh was generally younger than 100 years, and originated mainly from topsoil erosions in catchments of the Yangtze River. Correlations of TN content with C/N ratio, POC content with TIC content and POC content with δ^13C values for the cores suggest that turnover degrees of SOM from the salt marsh are overall low, and trends of SOM turnover are clear from the bare flat to the high tidal flat. Bare flat samples show characteristics of original sediments, with minor SOM turnover. Turnover processes of SOM have occurred and are discernable in the high and middle tidal flats, and the mixing degrees of SOM compartments with different turnover rates increase with evolution of the muddy tidal flat. The exclusive strata structure of alternate muddy laminae and silty laminae originated from dynamic depositional processes on muddy tidal flat was a great obstacle to vertical migration of dissolved materials, and SOM turnover was then constrained. The muddy tidal flat processes exerted direct influences on sequestration and turnover of SOM in the salt marsh, and had great constraints on the spatial and temporal characteristics of SOM turnover of the Chongmingdongtan Salt Marsh in the Yangtze River estuary.  相似文献   

20.
Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios have been determined on 41 strains ofArtemia sp. from different geographic regions around the world. The δ13C and δ15N values ranged between −13.7 to−25.0 per mil and −0.7 to 21.2 per mil respectively.Artemia δ13C values from coastal environments are consistent with a marine origin for the food sourceArtemia from inland salt lakes have a range of carbon isotope values suggesting C3, C4 and CAM based organic matter could form the base of theArtemia food chain. These data indicate thatArtemia having a wide range of carbon and nitrogen isotope values are available for tropho-dynamic research studies that quantify the effect of respired CO2 on tissue and CaCO3 shell13C/12C ratios. Such stable isotope variation also suggests that stable isotope fingerprinting remains a viable technique for identifying specificArtemia collection sites.  相似文献   

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